Papers by Michael Zirinsky
Islam, Iran, and World Stability, Hamid Zanganeh, ed., New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994, xii + 243 pp., Bibliography, Index, $49.95 Iranian Studies, 1996
Thesis--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. English or French. Includes bibliographical ... more Thesis--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. English or French. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [235]-264). Microfilm of typescript.
Iranian Studies, 1993
When Presbyterian missionaries entered Iran, they did so with the intention of introducing modern... more When Presbyterian missionaries entered Iran, they did so with the intention of introducing modern, Western civilization to the country. Regarding themselves as “servants of God sent to render service to man,” they favored a future for Iran in education, society, and politics much like what they foresaw for America: a nation that would be Christian, scientific, vigorous, cooperative, and democratic. In the inter-war years, it seems, they sought to achieve this vision by supporting Reza Shah's military dictatorship.This seeming pro-Pahlavism can be explained, in part, by Jesus‘ exhortation to “render … unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's and unto God the things which are God's” (Matt. 22:21). Serving but one God—that of Abraham, Isaac, Moses, and Jesus—the missionaries had to contend with two “caesars.” While they were patriotic Americans, loyal to the United States, they lived and worked in Iran, and therefore served at the pleasure of the Iranian government.
Iranian Studies, 1993
Earliest contacts between the United States and Iran came about through Protestant missions. This... more Earliest contacts between the United States and Iran came about through Protestant missions. This activity resulted from the second great awakening, which, beginning in the early nineteenth century, impelled many Christians to preach the Gospel to all humankind; thus the American Protestant mission to Iran was part of a world-wide phenomenon. This mission was important to the development of Iranian and American perceptions of each other. Missionaries represented the U.S. to Iran, and they transmitted perceptions of Iran back to America. Because of the beneficent nature of their activities, especially education, many Iranians developed a favorable yet perhaps unrealistic view of the United States. This article will explore some of these early contacts and the imperfect mutual understandings they inspired. It will focus on mission personnel, schools, curricula, and students in the interwar years, as Iran tightened its control over education by initiatives taken in 1928, 1932, and 1939.
Mohammad Mosaddeq and the 1953 Coup in Iran, Eds., Mark J. Gasiorowski and Malcolm Byrne (Modern Intellectual and Political History of the Middle East, series ed. Mehrzad Boroujerdi), Syracuse, New York, USA: Syracuse University Press, 2004, ISBN 0-8156-3018-2, illustrations, tables, notes, bibli... Iranian Studies, Mar 1, 2006
... Iranian graduates of mission schools (eg, Yahya Armajani and Joseph Rasooli, both of whom mar... more ... Iranian graduates of mission schools (eg, Yahya Armajani and Joseph Rasooli, both of whom married American women, immigrated to the USA, and ... Nowhere can we see this more clearly than in the long missionary career of Annie Stocking Boyce (b. 1880), who served in Iran ...
This paper focuses primarily on American Presbyterian missionary activity at Urmia, western Azerb... more This paper focuses primarily on American Presbyterian missionary activity at Urmia, western Azerbaijan, during the years 1914-1919. Although American missionaries began as neutrals in the Great War, with good intentions toward all, they became embroiled in wartime public events and inadvertently roiled an already turbulent situation. The subject is fascinating in part because it marks the interaction of several separate histories which normally are considered only in isolation from each other. These topics include American social history, Christian Church history, and the history of twentieth century international politics, as well as modern Iranian history. American Presbyterian Church archives, the most important source for this paper, detail the domestic and international history of Iran during the Great War because Presbyterian missionaries were interested observers and meticulous record keepers. At regular intervals, they were required by their Board of Foreign Missions in New ...
Middle East Studies Association Bulletin
The Middle East Journal, Apr 1, 2002
Page 1. Great Britain Reza Shah The Plunder of Iran, 1921-1941 ad Gholi Majd Page 2. Page 3. Page... more Page 1. Great Britain Reza Shah The Plunder of Iran, 1921-1941 ad Gholi Majd Page 2. Page 3. Page 4. Page 5. Great-Britain Rezabnah This One 83R5-DZQ-BK11 Page 6. Page 7. GreatBritain Rez The Plunder of Iran, 1921-1941 ...
Iranian Studies, 2011
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Papers by Michael Zirinsky