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Michael Ray

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Published Edward I's Regent; Edmund of Cornwall; The Man behind England's Greatest King in 2022
Published The Experience of Alien Royal Servants in Thirteenth Century England in 2023
Elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London (FSA) in 2023
Supervisors: Formerly Professor David Carpenter

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Papers by Michael Ray

Seige of Bedford 1224 Academia

The siege of Bedford Castle 1224 and its ill-fated garrison, 2007

This is a republication of 2007 paper on the Fine of the Month site of the Henry III Fine Rolls P... more

Draft Stephen de Penchester d 1298, a natural son of Peter of Savoy

It has been suggested that Stephen de Penchester, the long serving Constable of Dover Castle and ... more

The Savoyard Cousins: A Comparison of the Careers and Relative Success of the Grandson (Grandison) and Champvent (Chavent) Families in England

The Antiquaries Journal, 2006

In the mid-thirteenth century members of two branches of a family based in Savoy came to England ... more In the mid-thirteenth century members of two branches of a family based in Savoy came to England and, through royal service, they reached baronial rank. One family, the Grandsons, thoroughly embedded itself in England and its members are recalled even today while the other, the Champvents, lapsed into obscurity, the name disappearing from the records after 1410. To discover why, this article looks at the significance of royal service to the families, the amount of royal patronage they received, their marriage strategies, how they related to the localities into which they were implanted, the extent to which religious loyalties and family piety illustrated their attitudes and whether they cut their ties with their former home lands.

An Exploration of Low Back Pain Beliefs from a North American Based General Population

The Journal of Pain, May 1, 2022

Finding Information In a New Landscape: Re-thinking Reference Services

Rapid detection, cloning and molecular cytogenetic characterisation of sequences from an MRP-encoding amplicon by chromosome microdissection

British Journal of Cancer, 1994

Summarv Chromosome microdissection was utilised for the analysis of c togenetic markers of gene a... more Summarv Chromosome microdissection was utilised for the analysis of c togenetic markers of gene amplification [homogeneously staining regions (hsrs) and double minutes (dmins)] in two doxorubicin-resistant cell lines. fibrosarcoma HT1080 DR4 and small-cell lung cancer H69AR. Microdissection products from the

Nadir prostate-specific antigen within 12 months after radiotherapy predicts biochemical and distant failure

Urology, 2006

Objectives. To determine whether nadir prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels within 12 months (n... more Objectives. To determine whether nadir prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels within 12 months (nadir PSA12) after completion of radiotherapy (RT) can be used as an early marker of recurrence risk. Methods. A total of 4839 patients were treated with RT and without hormonal therapy from 1986 to 1995 for Stage T1-T2 prostate cancer at nine institutions. Of these 4839 patients, 4833, with a median follow-up of 6.3 years, met the criteria for analysis. The study endpoints included freedom from PSA failure, initiation of androgen deprivation, or documented local or distant failure (PSA-DFS); freedom from clinically apparent distant metastasis (DMFS); and overall survival (OS). Results. Patients with a nadir PSA12 of 2.0 ng/mL or less had an 8-year PSA-DFS, DMFS, and OS rate of 55%, 95%, and 73%, respectively, compared with 40%, 88%, and 69%, respectively, for patients with a nadir PSA12 of more than 2.0 ng/mL. Multivariate analysis confirmed that a nadir PSA12 of greater than 2 ng/mL was an independent predictor of PSA-DFS, DMFS, and OS. Classification and regression tree analysis identified the nadir PSA12 levels after RT associated with PSA-DFS, DMFS, and OS. Nadir PSA12, combined with the pretreatment PSA level, identified patients at particularly high risk of distant metastasis. Conclusions. The results of this large, multi-institutional study have demonstrated that nadir PSA12 is predictive of clinical outcomes for patients with localized prostate cancer after RT. A high pretreatment PSA level and high nadir PSA12 will identify patients at particularly high risk who might benefit from early adjuvant therapy.

AIM1 , a novel non-lens member of the βγ-crystallin superfamily, is associated with the control of tumorigenicity in human malignant melanoma

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1997

AIM1 is a novel gene whose expression is associated with the experimental reversal of tumorigenic... more AIM1 is a novel gene whose expression is associated with the experimental reversal of tumorigenicity of human malignant melanoma. The predicted protein product of the major 4.1-kb transcript shows striking similarity to the βγ-crystallin superfamily. All known members of this superfamily contain two or four characteristic motifs arranged as one or two symmetrical domains. AIM1 , in contrast, contains 12 βγ motifs, suggesting a 6-domain structure resembling a trimer of β- or γ-crystallin subunits. The structure of the AIM1 gene shows remarkable similarity to β-crystallin genes, with homologous introns delineating equivalent protein structural units. AIM1 is the first mammalian member of the βγ superfamily with a primarily non-lens role. Other parts of the predicted AIM1 protein sequence have weak similarity with filament or actin-binding proteins. AIM1 is a good candidate for the putative suppressor of malignant melanoma on chromosome 6, possibly exerting its effects through interact...

Aprotinin and epsilon aminocaproic acid are effective in reducing blood loss after primary total hip arthroplasty – a prospective randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled study

Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 2005

Ross W. (2005) Aprotinin and epsilon aminocaproic acid are effective in reducing blood loss after... more

Surrogate Endpoints for Prostate Cancer Survival: A Secondary Analysis of RTOG 9202

International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 2007

PSA nadir predicts biochemical and distant failures after external beam radiation therapy for prostate cancer: A multi-institutional analysis

International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 2004

To determine the significance of PSA nadir (nPSA) and time to PSA nadir (TnPSA) in predicting bio... more To determine the significance of PSA nadir (nPSA) and time to PSA nadir (TnPSA) in predicting biochemical or clinical disease free survival (PSA-DFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in patients treated with definitive external beam radiation therapy (RT) for clinical Stage II prostate cancer. Conclusions: This large, multi-institutional analysis of 4833 patients provides important evidence that nPSA and TnPSA after definitive external beam RT are not only predictive of a predominantly PSA endpoint (PSA-DFS), but are also predictive for distant metastasis in all clinical risk categories. Despite the observation that doses Ն 70 Gy are associated with lower nPSA, longer TnPSA and improved PSA-DFS, an association between dose and DMFS was not identified during the available follow-up duration of this study cohort.

Urethral Sparing Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (US-IMRT) Is Not Shown To Improve Urinary Quality of Life (QOL) in Low Risk Prostate Cancer (PCa): Results of a Randomized Phase II Trial

International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 2011

Platelet–monocyte aggregates predict troponin rise after percutaneous coronary intervention and are inhibited by Abciximab

International Journal of Cardiology, 2005

Background: Platelet-monocyte aggregates and other markers of platelet activation were investigat... more Background: Platelet-monocyte aggregates and other markers of platelet activation were investigated before and after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with abciximab therapy. The study sought to assess the relationship between the level of platelet-monocyte aggregation and increases in cardiac troponin I post coronary intervention. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 40 patients before PCI and 10 min after abciximab administration. These were tested for platelet activation markers by flow cytometry. Cardiac troponin I levels were assayed at baseline and at 24 h post PCI. Results: Compared to healthy controls, patients with coronary artery disease had elevated markers of platelet activation including platelet-monocyte aggregates, P-selectin and PAC-1 (a marker specific for activated glycoprotein IIb/IIIa) prior to PCI. Increased levels of platelet-monocyte aggregates before PCI were associated with increased expression of P-selectin on the platelet surface. Abciximab therapy reduced platelet-monocyte aggregate levels but had no effect on P-selectin expression. The high levels of expression of activated glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (PAC-1) on platelets prior to PCI was reduced with abciximab therapy. Patients with higher levels of platelet-monocyte aggregates prior to PCI were more likely to develop an elevation of cardiac troponin I during the 24 h after PCI. Conclusions: Increased levels of platelet-monocyte aggregates may predict patients at risk for troponin elevation following PCI and identify those most likely to benefit from abciximab.

Point-of-care monitoring of platelet function after abciximab therapy is poorly correlated with flow-cytometric measurements of platelet activation

Heart, Lung and Circulation, 2003

Platelet and Leukocyte Activation in Salvaged Blood and the Effect of Its Reinfusion on the Circulating Blood

Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research, 2007

Assaying disease-specific gene expression by CDNA micro-arrays

Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics, 1997

Living with Father's Reputation: The Careers of Two Thirteenth-century Oxfordshire Knights of Alien Origin, Thomas de Bréauté and Hugh de Plessis

Proceedings of the Gregynog Conference 2007

In a much-quoted section of his Ecclesiastical History , Ordericus Vitalis criticised Henry I bec... more In a much-quoted section of his Ecclesiastical History , Ordericus Vitalis criticised Henry I because ‘he ennobled others of base stock who had served him well, raised them, so to say, from the dust, and heaping all kinds of favours on them, stationed them above earls and famous castellans’. This phenomenon was not confined to the twelfth century. Both John and Henry III promoted obscure men, often aliens, to the highest ranks in their realms. What happened to the children of these ‘new men’ when the high position their fathers achieved was not passed on in full? There is no obvious historiography that illuminates this issue and that of paternal reputation. For instance, although David Carpenter, Peter Coss, Anne Polden and Nigel Saul have written about the problems of maintaining knightly status, the examples in this paper are not exemplars to be used in a discussion of whether there was a crisis of the knightly class in the thirteenth century. The paper is about the legacy of the sons of men of comital rank who did not benefit from their father's achievements. The lives of Thomas de Breaute and Hugh de Plessis, two relatively obscure thirteenth-century Oxfordshire knights, whose fathers had very remarkable careers, illustrate what could happen to such men. There are only a few possible comparators in the thirteenth century. Having had their pater familias killed at Evesham with one of his sons, the Montforts never regained the earldom of Leicester and the surviving sons died in exile.

A Black Slave on the run in Thirteenth-Century England

Nottingham Medieval Studies, 2007

Alien knights in a hostile land: the experience of curial knights in thirteenth-century England and the assimilation of their families

Historical Research, 2006

Administrative efficiency in fourteenth-century England: the delivery of writs based on evidence from the register of Bishop Martival

Historical Research, 2011

Seige of Bedford 1224 Academia

The siege of Bedford Castle 1224 and its ill-fated garrison, 2007

This is a republication of 2007 paper on the Fine of the Month site of the Henry III Fine Rolls P... more

Draft Stephen de Penchester d 1298, a natural son of Peter of Savoy

It has been suggested that Stephen de Penchester, the long serving Constable of Dover Castle and ... more

The Savoyard Cousins: A Comparison of the Careers and Relative Success of the Grandson (Grandison) and Champvent (Chavent) Families in England

The Antiquaries Journal, 2006

In the mid-thirteenth century members of two branches of a family based in Savoy came to England ... more In the mid-thirteenth century members of two branches of a family based in Savoy came to England and, through royal service, they reached baronial rank. One family, the Grandsons, thoroughly embedded itself in England and its members are recalled even today while the other, the Champvents, lapsed into obscurity, the name disappearing from the records after 1410. To discover why, this article looks at the significance of royal service to the families, the amount of royal patronage they received, their marriage strategies, how they related to the localities into which they were implanted, the extent to which religious loyalties and family piety illustrated their attitudes and whether they cut their ties with their former home lands.

An Exploration of Low Back Pain Beliefs from a North American Based General Population

The Journal of Pain, May 1, 2022

Finding Information In a New Landscape: Re-thinking Reference Services

Rapid detection, cloning and molecular cytogenetic characterisation of sequences from an MRP-encoding amplicon by chromosome microdissection

British Journal of Cancer, 1994

Summarv Chromosome microdissection was utilised for the analysis of c togenetic markers of gene a... more Summarv Chromosome microdissection was utilised for the analysis of c togenetic markers of gene amplification [homogeneously staining regions (hsrs) and double minutes (dmins)] in two doxorubicin-resistant cell lines. fibrosarcoma HT1080 DR4 and small-cell lung cancer H69AR. Microdissection products from the

Nadir prostate-specific antigen within 12 months after radiotherapy predicts biochemical and distant failure

Urology, 2006

Objectives. To determine whether nadir prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels within 12 months (n... more Objectives. To determine whether nadir prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels within 12 months (nadir PSA12) after completion of radiotherapy (RT) can be used as an early marker of recurrence risk. Methods. A total of 4839 patients were treated with RT and without hormonal therapy from 1986 to 1995 for Stage T1-T2 prostate cancer at nine institutions. Of these 4839 patients, 4833, with a median follow-up of 6.3 years, met the criteria for analysis. The study endpoints included freedom from PSA failure, initiation of androgen deprivation, or documented local or distant failure (PSA-DFS); freedom from clinically apparent distant metastasis (DMFS); and overall survival (OS). Results. Patients with a nadir PSA12 of 2.0 ng/mL or less had an 8-year PSA-DFS, DMFS, and OS rate of 55%, 95%, and 73%, respectively, compared with 40%, 88%, and 69%, respectively, for patients with a nadir PSA12 of more than 2.0 ng/mL. Multivariate analysis confirmed that a nadir PSA12 of greater than 2 ng/mL was an independent predictor of PSA-DFS, DMFS, and OS. Classification and regression tree analysis identified the nadir PSA12 levels after RT associated with PSA-DFS, DMFS, and OS. Nadir PSA12, combined with the pretreatment PSA level, identified patients at particularly high risk of distant metastasis. Conclusions. The results of this large, multi-institutional study have demonstrated that nadir PSA12 is predictive of clinical outcomes for patients with localized prostate cancer after RT. A high pretreatment PSA level and high nadir PSA12 will identify patients at particularly high risk who might benefit from early adjuvant therapy.

AIM1 , a novel non-lens member of the βγ-crystallin superfamily, is associated with the control of tumorigenicity in human malignant melanoma

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1997

AIM1 is a novel gene whose expression is associated with the experimental reversal of tumorigenic... more AIM1 is a novel gene whose expression is associated with the experimental reversal of tumorigenicity of human malignant melanoma. The predicted protein product of the major 4.1-kb transcript shows striking similarity to the βγ-crystallin superfamily. All known members of this superfamily contain two or four characteristic motifs arranged as one or two symmetrical domains. AIM1 , in contrast, contains 12 βγ motifs, suggesting a 6-domain structure resembling a trimer of β- or γ-crystallin subunits. The structure of the AIM1 gene shows remarkable similarity to β-crystallin genes, with homologous introns delineating equivalent protein structural units. AIM1 is the first mammalian member of the βγ superfamily with a primarily non-lens role. Other parts of the predicted AIM1 protein sequence have weak similarity with filament or actin-binding proteins. AIM1 is a good candidate for the putative suppressor of malignant melanoma on chromosome 6, possibly exerting its effects through interact...

Aprotinin and epsilon aminocaproic acid are effective in reducing blood loss after primary total hip arthroplasty – a prospective randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled study

Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 2005

Ross W. (2005) Aprotinin and epsilon aminocaproic acid are effective in reducing blood loss after... more

Surrogate Endpoints for Prostate Cancer Survival: A Secondary Analysis of RTOG 9202

International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 2007

PSA nadir predicts biochemical and distant failures after external beam radiation therapy for prostate cancer: A multi-institutional analysis

International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 2004

To determine the significance of PSA nadir (nPSA) and time to PSA nadir (TnPSA) in predicting bio... more To determine the significance of PSA nadir (nPSA) and time to PSA nadir (TnPSA) in predicting biochemical or clinical disease free survival (PSA-DFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in patients treated with definitive external beam radiation therapy (RT) for clinical Stage II prostate cancer. Conclusions: This large, multi-institutional analysis of 4833 patients provides important evidence that nPSA and TnPSA after definitive external beam RT are not only predictive of a predominantly PSA endpoint (PSA-DFS), but are also predictive for distant metastasis in all clinical risk categories. Despite the observation that doses Ն 70 Gy are associated with lower nPSA, longer TnPSA and improved PSA-DFS, an association between dose and DMFS was not identified during the available follow-up duration of this study cohort.

Urethral Sparing Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (US-IMRT) Is Not Shown To Improve Urinary Quality of Life (QOL) in Low Risk Prostate Cancer (PCa): Results of a Randomized Phase II Trial

International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 2011

Platelet–monocyte aggregates predict troponin rise after percutaneous coronary intervention and are inhibited by Abciximab

International Journal of Cardiology, 2005

Background: Platelet-monocyte aggregates and other markers of platelet activation were investigat... more Background: Platelet-monocyte aggregates and other markers of platelet activation were investigated before and after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with abciximab therapy. The study sought to assess the relationship between the level of platelet-monocyte aggregation and increases in cardiac troponin I post coronary intervention. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 40 patients before PCI and 10 min after abciximab administration. These were tested for platelet activation markers by flow cytometry. Cardiac troponin I levels were assayed at baseline and at 24 h post PCI. Results: Compared to healthy controls, patients with coronary artery disease had elevated markers of platelet activation including platelet-monocyte aggregates, P-selectin and PAC-1 (a marker specific for activated glycoprotein IIb/IIIa) prior to PCI. Increased levels of platelet-monocyte aggregates before PCI were associated with increased expression of P-selectin on the platelet surface. Abciximab therapy reduced platelet-monocyte aggregate levels but had no effect on P-selectin expression. The high levels of expression of activated glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (PAC-1) on platelets prior to PCI was reduced with abciximab therapy. Patients with higher levels of platelet-monocyte aggregates prior to PCI were more likely to develop an elevation of cardiac troponin I during the 24 h after PCI. Conclusions: Increased levels of platelet-monocyte aggregates may predict patients at risk for troponin elevation following PCI and identify those most likely to benefit from abciximab.

Point-of-care monitoring of platelet function after abciximab therapy is poorly correlated with flow-cytometric measurements of platelet activation

Heart, Lung and Circulation, 2003

Platelet and Leukocyte Activation in Salvaged Blood and the Effect of Its Reinfusion on the Circulating Blood

Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research, 2007

Assaying disease-specific gene expression by CDNA micro-arrays

Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics, 1997

Living with Father's Reputation: The Careers of Two Thirteenth-century Oxfordshire Knights of Alien Origin, Thomas de Bréauté and Hugh de Plessis

Proceedings of the Gregynog Conference 2007

In a much-quoted section of his Ecclesiastical History , Ordericus Vitalis criticised Henry I bec... more In a much-quoted section of his Ecclesiastical History , Ordericus Vitalis criticised Henry I because ‘he ennobled others of base stock who had served him well, raised them, so to say, from the dust, and heaping all kinds of favours on them, stationed them above earls and famous castellans’. This phenomenon was not confined to the twelfth century. Both John and Henry III promoted obscure men, often aliens, to the highest ranks in their realms. What happened to the children of these ‘new men’ when the high position their fathers achieved was not passed on in full? There is no obvious historiography that illuminates this issue and that of paternal reputation. For instance, although David Carpenter, Peter Coss, Anne Polden and Nigel Saul have written about the problems of maintaining knightly status, the examples in this paper are not exemplars to be used in a discussion of whether there was a crisis of the knightly class in the thirteenth century. The paper is about the legacy of the sons of men of comital rank who did not benefit from their father's achievements. The lives of Thomas de Breaute and Hugh de Plessis, two relatively obscure thirteenth-century Oxfordshire knights, whose fathers had very remarkable careers, illustrate what could happen to such men. There are only a few possible comparators in the thirteenth century. Having had their pater familias killed at Evesham with one of his sons, the Montforts never regained the earldom of Leicester and the surviving sons died in exile.

A Black Slave on the run in Thirteenth-Century England

Nottingham Medieval Studies, 2007

Alien knights in a hostile land: the experience of curial knights in thirteenth-century England and the assimilation of their families

Historical Research, 2006

Administrative efficiency in fourteenth-century England: the delivery of writs based on evidence from the register of Bishop Martival

Historical Research, 2011

PDF 42 Edmund of Cornwall revised table 10.

Minor revisions to table on attorneys

The alien constables of English royal castles 1199-1272 Draft

1 Michael Ray This paper has been up-loaded as a draft in case readers can suggest additions or c... more 1 Michael Ray This paper has been up-loaded as a draft in case readers can suggest additions or corrections. I still need primary source references for Gaugy's holding of Sleaford castle and for Falkes de Bréauté's position as keeper of Cardigan and Carmarthen. Abstract This paper looks at the vexed problem resulting from thirteenth century English kings appointing aliens, men who had not been born in England, to the important positions of constables of royal castles. In at least two periods during the century this became a potent issue of political importance. This is an overview of the timing of these appointments and which men were so used by the crown and which castles they were responsible for. A follow-up paper will continue the exploration of this topic for the reign of Edward I.

Edward I's First Royal Charter

Unique circumstances surrounded the granting of Edward I’s first royal charter. He had already b... more Unique circumstances surrounded the granting of Edward I’s first royal charter. He had already been king for nearly two years before he made this first act of patronage. This paper explains why this was so and examines the unusual issues which arose from the grant. It looks at where the charter was granted and who was it first beneficiary but, above all, it analyses Edward’s choice of the witnesses to the charter. By contrasting this event with the first royal charter of his father, Henry III, it shows that the choice was unusual but that there was a rationale behind it and, more importantly, it set the tone for Edward I’s future governance of England.

Anglo-alien Marriages in Thirteenth-Century England 1

This paper looks at over one hundred marriages between the upper echelons of English society and ... more This paper looks at over one hundred marriages between the upper echelons of English society and those born abroad; the so-called aliens during the thirteenth century. Part One sets out who these alien husbands and wives were and the impetus for the various waves of marriages. It considers both alien brides and grooms. It also looks at the areas from whence came the alien marriage partners. . Where it is possible, an assessment of who promoted the marriages over the century has been made. Part Two looks at the mechanisms by which these alien marriages were achieved. It considers the context of alien marriages before and after Magna Carta which brought, in theory, more protection to potential spouses. Resistance to proposed marriage partners is set out as well as a consideration of the problems associated with the re-marriage of widows. This Part also searches for evidence as to the success or failure of alien marriages particularly in relation to where the partners chose to be buried, their gifts of piety in favour of their partners and displays of shared allegiance on their armorial seals and documents. Finally it consider sthe impact of these alien marriages on English political, social and cultural life.