Papers by Michael Montagne
Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management, 1992
ABSTRACT Pharmaceutical marketing has evolved in response to changing forces in the health care e... more ABSTRACT Pharmaceutical marketing has evolved in response to changing forces in the health care environment. Several parties now have a substantial interest in how and why specific pharmaceutical products are prescribed. In response, direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) of prescription drugs has gained considerable popularity. This paper reviews the DTCA marketing campai n designed and implemented by the Upjohn Company for Rogaine® (topical minoxidil). The actual and potential advantages and disadvantages of this new marketing strategy are identified and recommendations are made for future marketing efforts.
The American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 2008
The medicalization thesis, the re-labeling or redefining of a personal or social problem as a med... more The medicalization thesis, the re-labeling or redefining of a personal or social problem as a medical condition thus requiring therapeutic intervention, has become the focus of a number of recent works. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, researchers, mostly social scientists, were studying issues surrounding social control and a range of human problems that had come under medical jurisdiction. Three researchers were at the forefront of this new area of inquiry, building a career on it: Peter Conrad, Ivan Illich, and Thomas Szasz. Each tended to focus on certain aspects of medical care and control: patients' experiences with certain diseases, the politics of medicine, and the true nature of psychiatry. The psychiatrist, Thomas Szasz, has written about medicalization in psychiatry since the 1970s, arguably even earlier. This collection of previously published essays, which appear in adapted form, recounts his lifelong interest in medicalization. These essays are presented in 2 sec...
American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy
Annals of Pharmacotherapy
phase of TB. Second, and perhaps more critical, is the deficiency in granuloma formation, which m... more phase of TB. Second, and perhaps more critical, is the deficiency in granuloma formation, which may reduce the ability of an individual to contain the initial infection. Although interesting, the data are derived entirely from murine modelsof TB and need to be examined further in humans. The thirdchapter beginswith a reviewof the basic mechanisms of vitamin A, includingprotein transport,metabolism, and their effecton infection. A couple of epidemiologic studies are also examined that suggest that vitamin A may be important in reducingthe severityand complications attributable to infantile measles, pneumonia, and diarrhea. Additionally, there is evidenceto suggest that vitaminA deficiency may result in diminished antibody responses to T-cell--dependent/regulated antigens(e.g., type 2 capsularpolysaccharides from Streptococcus pneumoniaeand Neisseria meningitidisi and specificT-cell/natural killercell cytotoxicity in humans. Althoughno specificdata are presentedwith regard to hypovitaminosisA and TB"there is information to suggest that altered phagocytosis occurs and, theoretically, could result in a diminished responseto the initialTB infection. Appropriately, Chapters4,5, and 7 are includedprimarily to discuss the effectsof malnutrition on HIV infectionand AIDS; however,the latter part of the book does examine the effectsof coinfection with HIV on the incidence/pathogenicityof TB. A couple of these chapters address theeffectsof proinflammatory cytokinessuchas tumor necrosisfactora (TNF a) and interleukin 6, whichare capableof upregulating HIV infection and antiinflammatorycytokines such as soluble TNF receptor and interleukin I receptor antagonist, which predominate in asymptomatic HIV infection.Moreover,completedand ongoing study data regarding the CD4/CD8 ratios in infants and adultsoffer insight into the developmentof HIV-relatedsymptomatology. Chapter6 dealsalmostexclusively with the gastrointestinal adverseeffectsof antituberculous therapyincluding dysosmia and dysgeusia, as well as the presumed effects of "cachectin" or TNF a on clinical signs and symptoms such as fatigue, fever, anorexia,and weight loss. Lastly, the book concludes with a look at epidemiologic trends in TB and multiple-drug-resistant TB. This section concludeswith severalunanswered questions posed to the readerregardingselectionof candidatesfor beG vaccination, the value of tuberculin (PPD)testing,and interpretation ofPPD resultsin HIV infection. In terms of constructive criticism, the section relating to coinfection with HIV and TB was a littledisappointing, particularly in regardto references that wereeitheromittedfrom the text,outdated,or barely included at all (i.e.,malnutrition and AIDS in the developing world).This topic was underemphasized, consideringit was one of the objectivesoutlined in the introduction. The reader may also be frustratedwith the referencing in the chapters on vitamin A nutritionalstatus and malnutritionas a cofactor in HIV disease in which textbooks,rather than current primary literature,are frequently cited. Thus, the reader may not have access to concise articles that could aid in the comprehension of a given topic. Furthermore, part of the chapter on malnutrition is based on preliminary data from ongoing research and personal opinion from experts in the field rather than sound clinical data. Each chapter is well organized, although there is some lack of continuity between the malnutrition and HIV/AIDSchapters,whichseem to be placedout of sequential order. Clearly,the brevityof this book is to be commended. With the exceptionof the immunologic responsesto malnutrition, a myriadof important conceptsare presentedin a relatively straightforward, nontechnical manner. Individuals unfamiliarwith immunology and the pathophysiology of TB and HIV/AIDS wouldmost likelyneed to reviewthesefundamentals beforereadingthis book. It is rathersurprising that an introductory chapter was not included to reinforce these concepts. With the critiquing aside, this is certainly a worthwhile addition for clinicians involved in nutrition,immunology,or infectiousdiseases (especiallythe chapter by Huitton medication-related adverseeffects in TB that may compromise nutritional status),but is probably most applicable to those interestedin research involvingnutritional abnormalities and infectious disorders. For the average clinical pharmacist, this book is likely too specific to be of significantvalue.Essentiallyall of the informationin this book has also been publishedin the JournalofNutritional Immunology (1997;5:3-54).
Journal of Drug Issues, 1988
Journal of Drug Issues, 1992
The issue of promoting medications for personal or social problems involves a difficult balance b... more The issue of promoting medications for personal or social problems involves a difficult balance between medical definitions of what constitutes a disease and consumers' perceptions of what they want or need in the way of optimal health and well-being. There are certain symptom states and conditions that are poorly defined in terms of the biomedical model of disease. Other conditions, such as child abuse, ordinary stress and tension (“pressures of life”), small breasts, thinning hair, mental fatigue, and certain personal and social problems of life are often considered diseases by some (e.g., afflicted consumers, health product manufacturers and promoters), but not by others (e.g., health professionals, health insurance companies). The key concern is who determines what conditions are diseases to be addressed by medical care systems and public health efforts, and what conditions are problems and concerns better addressed by the family unit, social welfare agencies, religious grou...
Journal of Drug Issues, 1988
Literary and philosophical accounts of drug experiences and addiction have a long history and tra... more Literary and philosophical accounts of drug experiences and addiction have a long history and tradition. Such writings have been important in describing certain types of experiences, directing the use of specific drugs, and even structuring an ideology of use which reflects a larger philosophy of life. This literature has been used by the medical community as a source of therapeutic information about drugs, and by drug subcultures as guidebooks to drug experiences and in giving some meaning to those experiences. The past few decades have seen renewed interest in the drug literature from centuries past; much of it has been collected into anthologies or completely reprinted. Strategies to provide useful and relatively objective literature might improve users' knowledge of drugs, but it may not encourage more appropriate drug use nor prevent drug use problems. More studies are needed to delineate the nature and meaning of relationships between drug literature and society.
Journal of Drug Issues, 1992
Journal of Pharmacy Teaching, 1990
ABSTRACT No abstract available for this article.
Cogent Psychology, 2016
Abstract Background: Major depression is a chronic disease which often requires long-term antidep... more Abstract Background: Major depression is a chronic disease which often requires long-term antidepressant use. Prescriptions of antidepressants have increased in the past two decades in the US Although current clinical data support the treatment efficacy of antidepressants, early discontinuation of their use by the patient is common. Aim: To identify the treatment experiences of patients, including their perceptions on antidepressant effects, changes in personality, and addiction. Overall goal was to identify factors for larger studies on patterns of antidepressant medication use. Method: This cross-sectional, descriptive study interviewed 45 adults in a large metropolitan city in the US using a structured interview guide that consisted of: demographic characteristics, depression and medication history, antidepressant drug taking behaviors, and antidepressant drug effects. Results: All 45 patients had health insurance. 71.1% of the subjects reported mild to moderate feelings of depression at the time of interview. Almost all (93.3%) patients felt that their antidepressants had made their depression better. 53.3% of patients perceived a change in their personality due to antidepressant use. A third (31%) perceived their antidepressant use to be their choice, while 69% stated it was a necessity. A majority (63.6%) felt they were dependent on their antidepressant, but 88.6% felt they were not addicted to their medication. Conclusions: Overall, important factors on long-term antidepressant use from the patient’s perspective were obtained in this study. Thus these study data can be considered pilot information since it will help to develop tailored intervention studies to improve long-term antidepressant adherence.
Journal of Pharmacy Teaching, 1992
The concept that any person, who wishes to assume the role of being a student, has a right to lea... more The concept that any person, who wishes to assume the role of being a student, has a right to learning opportunities is presented and discussed. Disadvantageous situations involving stu-' dents occur regularly in Dharmaceutical education. Proactive volicies aid proce&res need'to be developed and im lemented tobrovide advantares in those instances where stu d' ents already are placed at a disadvantage. Providing ethical and cross-cultural kxperiences in the curriculum, and in the educational institution as a whole, are imperative. ~v c n more important, our values and beliefs regarding Ule interrelated, yet distinct, notions of higher education, pr6fessi6nal licensure, and occupational employmint need to be clarified and understood by those involved in the educational process. Unless a student is a white, male person of Western European heritage (and American-born) without any disabilities or infirmities, he or she more than likely will face prejudice, bias, and a variety of barriers in their pursuit of a pharmaceutical education. Many educators and practitioners wrongly unite the learning of pharmaceutical knowledge with a specific job in pharmaceutical practice. This, in addition to ethnocentric beliefs and mis~erceotions about individuals who do not fit the social or professional norm (a; represented by the dominant person-type), leads to greater disadvantages for the already disadvantared student.
Substance Use & Misuse, 2015
Drug users have been exploited in research studies and clinical practice. We explore ways in whic... more Drug users have been exploited in research studies and clinical practice. We explore ways in which exploitation has occurred and strategies to help patients, research subjects and communities to prevent or avoid exploitation.
Eval Health Prof, 1982
ABSTRACT The major paradigm in educational evaluation employs a hypothetico-deductive approach in... more ABSTRACT The major paradigm in educational evaluation employs a hypothetico-deductive approach in analyzing programs. It isfelt that a holistic-inductive approach, employing qualitative methods, may also be of use. Many have referred to this latter approach as an alternate research paradigm. More important, the use of both approaches in assessing educationalprograms may prove to be both effective and efficient. This article presents and describes a comparative design for the evaluation of educational programs. The design employs both quantitative and qualitative methods to gather information about the characteristics and consequences of a program. The dualtrack design provides separate results that may then be compared to produce a complete product of the evaluation effort. The application of this model to the evaluation of two programs is also presented and discussed.
The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 1996
To identify which barriers have been most significant to community pharmacists in their ability t... more To identify which barriers have been most significant to community pharmacists in their ability to comply with the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 (OBRA'90) regulations during its first year of implementation. Mailing of a two-page survey in April 1994. Four hundred randomly selected community pharmacies in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Of 400 pharmacies surveyed, 156 surveys were completed and returned for analysis. Barriers that were considered most significant to pharmacies surveyed in their ability to implement OBRA'90 regulations were excessive workload, lack of financial compensation, and patients' attitudes. Of least significance were inadequate knowledge about drugs, inadequate references, and store layout. Almost half the responding pharmacists indicated that OBRA'90 regulations had not affected or changed their practice, one-quarter of the pharmacists believed their practice was less rewarding after OBRA'90, and about one-fifth believed i...
Substance Use & Misuse, 2015
Images of drugs and drug use(rs) convey meaning, feelings, and beliefs, and what is being seen is... more Images of drugs and drug use(rs) convey meaning, feelings, and beliefs, and what is being seen is often believed. Images can also deceive in content, meaning, and belief. Drug use(r) researchers, who use images as data, must be cautious in interpreting what is being conveyed and why. As technological advances continue to shape the creation, modification, storage, and analysis of images, researchers must be ever more vigilant about what they are seeing and believing.
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Minnesota, 1981. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 223-2... more Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Minnesota, 1981. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 223-231). Photocopy.
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Papers by Michael Montagne