Papers by Matthew McDonald
Crystal Growth & Design, 2019
The solubility and crystallization kinetics of cephalexin monohydrate, an important β-lactam anti... more The solubility and crystallization kinetics of cephalexin monohydrate, an important β-lactam antibiotic, are reported for the first time for an aqueous solution. The nucleation and growth kinetics are determined with online process analytical technologies (PAT) and offline image analysis to support implementation of a continuous process. Effects of two cosolutes, 7-aminodesacetoxycephalosporanic acid (7-ADCA) and phenylglycine methyl ester (PGME), on nucleation and growth are examined. These cosolutes are precursors in the enzymatic synthesis of cephalexin. Primary nucleation of cephalexin was unaffected by the cosolutes, but 7-ADCA, even in small quantities (<10 mM), significantly decreased the cephalexin monohydrate growth rate; PGME had a less significant impact on growth rate. Possible mechanisms of growth inhibition are discussed; a model wherein cosolutes slow growth by pinning advancing growth steps and halting step advancement below a critical supersaturation best explains the data. Impact on crys...
… of the Australasian Political Studies Assoc, 2011
This paper is part of a broader research project which seeks to apply different conceptions of se... more This paper is part of a broader research project which seeks to apply different conceptions of security to environmental problems. The paper has two goals. First, to analyse the likelihood for interstate conflict between the states sharing the Euphrates river. Second, to analyse ...
Australian Journal of Career Development, 2004
During the 1940s and early 50s, Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers spearheaded a new movement in psyc... more During the 1940s and early 50s, Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers spearheaded a new movement in psychology that challenged the traditional positivist, empirical and deterministic frameworks theorised by Freud (psychodynamic) and Skinner (behaviourism). The existential-humanistic approach was based on an epistemology that grew out of the twentieth century philosophy of ‘phenomenology’, whose main proponents included the German philosophers Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger. Prior to WWII, the science of psychology, and its practice of counselling and psychotherapy, slavishly adopted a positivist paradigm in its research and development of theory. It was hoped this approach would garner the same spectacular successes that occurred in the sciences of physics and biology during the late nineteenth century. The early medicalisation of psychology by Freud, and the initial large scale funding of its research in the United States—directed towards veterans of WWII—meant that as a science, psychology was heavily orientated toward pathology. In contrast the existential-humanistic approach is based on the notion that, given appropriate social and environmental conditions, people will always display a tendency towards ‘actualisation’. As a result, the existential-humanistic movement remained, and still remains today, outside mainstream psychology. In the preface, Cain provides a number of reasons why existential-humanistic therapists are underrepresented among the wider practitioner population in the United States (pp. xix–xxiii). I would like to further add to Cain’s common sense arguments and add a number of reasons concerning the relatively poor uptake of existential-humanistic theory within clinical settings. Psychology students are generally unable to grasp the monumental thinking contained in Heidegger’s (1962) Being and Time (and to a lesser extent MerleauPonty’s various works) because of their lack of training in philosophy. There is also the issue of the fundamental demolition of experimental psychologies ‘truth-claims’ by phenomenological and social constructionist epistemologies. For example, the field of social psychology, like the science of psychology generally, has been dominated by empiricist-positivist modes of inquiry. As a result, alternative perspectives have been largely ignored (Gergen, 2002; Jost & Kruglanski, 2002) and more often feared because of their implication for decades of experimental work carried out thus far:
Handbook of Globalisation and Tourism
This comprehensive Handbook brings together conceptual contributions from leading international s... more This comprehensive Handbook brings together conceptual contributions from leading international scholars concerning the reciprocal relations between globalisation and tourism
Based on a survey of over 400 UK psychology graduates, What to do with your Psychology Degree pro... more Based on a survey of over 400 UK psychology graduates, What to do with your Psychology Degree provides real life information on some of the many occupations and careers open to psychology graduates, ranging from jobs in health, therapy and education to private sector roles in marketing, public relations or the media. By encouraging readers to think laterally about their transferable skills, the authors outline 60 career profiles that are directly and indirectly related to the discipline of psychology." "For any psychology graduate, this book is the most practical resource available on career choices; whether you are embarking on your first job or looking for a change of career, this book is essential reading
This dissertation outlines the limitations of reading to a 360 degree prism using Automatic Targe... more This dissertation outlines the limitations of reading to a 360 degree prism using Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) technology, covering the 360 degree prism attributes that affect the accuracy of the readings obtained and possible ways to reduce these effects to obtain more precise readings. The methods designed to measure these effects are outlined along with the design considerations and reasons behind the selection of these methods. The designed methods were tested on three selected instruments with their accompanying 360 degree prism. The instruments selected for testing had different manufacturers and their date of release was spread over the years which ATR evolved. This provided various 360 degree prism designs, the use of different ATR technology and different electronic distance measurement devices for testing. Using the field testing data gathered from the three instruments, software formulae for each instrument were calculated to predict the vertical height and horizont...
Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, 1998
Sequential gene expression of two type 1 cytokines (interleukin 2 [IL-2] and gamma interferon), o... more Sequential gene expression of two type 1 cytokines (interleukin 2 [IL-2] and gamma interferon), one type 2 cytokine (IL-10), two monokines (IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha), and one cytokine receptor (IL-2 receptor [IL-2R]) in normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) following in vitro stimulation was investigated by reverse transcription-PCR methods. Two stimuli were utilized: phytohemagglutinin (PHA), which acts on the CD2 molecule and T-cell receptors, and anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, which acts on the CD3 molecule and on T-cell receptors. Increased expression of all studied genes occurred between 1 and 4 hours after stimulation, except for that of the gene encoding IL-10, which was delayed. Expression of all but one of the genes was transient, with a maximal mRNA accumulation at about 8 h on average. IL-2R mRNA expression was an exception, showing a prolonged increase (72 h). The general profiles of expression of the five cytokine genes were similar but not i...
Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 2017
Consumer culture and neoliberal political economy are often viewed by social psychologists as top... more Consumer culture and neoliberal political economy are often viewed by social psychologists as topics reserved for anthropologists, economists, political scientists and sociologists. This paper takes an alternative view arguing that social psychology needs to better understand these two intertwined institutions as they can both challenge and provide a number of important insights into social psychological theories of self-identity and their related concepts. These include personality traits, self-esteem, social comparisons, self-enhancement, impression management, self-regulation and social identity. To illustrate, we examine how elements of consumer culture and neoliberal political economy intersect with social psychological concepts of self-identity through three main topics: 'the commodification of self-identity', 'social categories, culture and power relations' and the 'governing of selfregulating consumers'. In conclusion, we recommend a decommodified approach to research with the aim of producing social psychological knowledge that avoids becoming enmeshed with consumer culture and neoliberalism.
Critical Social Psychology, 2013
Critical Social Psychology, 2013
Tourism Review International, 2015
Tourism is essentially a modern Western social and cultural phenomenon, the analysis of which has... more Tourism is essentially a modern Western social and cultural phenomenon, the analysis of which has evolved from premodernism through to postmodernism. Tourism differs significantly from non-Western and historical forms of travel, being closely related to the emergence of modernity with the emphasis on economic viability and consumer culture. The massive growth of tourism over the 20th century and the emergence of a multibillion dollar global tourist industry have impacted on national parks as tourists increasingly seek nature-based experiences. This has occurred in conjunction with increases in leisure time, disposable income, technological improvements in communication and transportation, demographic changes, and a shift in the axis of personal identity and meaningful social action from production to consumption. This article examines how aesthetics fits into this evolution and the current role of national parks with a focus on the emergence of their production through the mass medi...
European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, Jan 5, 2015
Global and regional responses of absolute myocardial blood flow index (iMBF) are used as surrogat... more Global and regional responses of absolute myocardial blood flow index (iMBF) are used as surrogate markers to assess response to therapies in coronary artery disease. In this study, we assessed the test-retest repeatability of iMBF imaging, and the accuracy of infarct sizing in mice using (11)C-acetate PET. (11)C-Acetate cardiac PET images were acquired in healthy controls, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) knockout transgenic mice, and mice after myocardial infarction (MI) to estimate global and regional iMBF, and myocardial infarct size compared to (18)F-FDG PET and ex-vivo histology results. Global test-retest iMBF values had good coefficients of repeatability (CR) in healthy mice, eNOS knockout mice and normally perfused regions in MI mice (CR = 1.6, 2.0 and 1.5 mL/min/g, respectively). Infarct size measured on (11)C-acetate iMBF images was also repeatable (CR = 17 %) and showed a good correlation with the infarct sizes found on (18)F-FDG PET and histopathology (r (2) >...
British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2015
A retrospective study. To correlate the incidence of pedicle-screw (PS) misplacement with the dim... more A retrospective study. To correlate the incidence of pedicle-screw (PS) misplacement with the dimensions of the pedicles in the treatment of thoracic spine fractures. The technical challenge of internal fixation with PS in the thoracic spine has been well documented in the literature. However, there are no publications that document the correlation between the pedicle dimensions of the thoracic vertebrae in the preoperative computed tomography scans (CT) and the rate of PS misplacement. All patients who had PSs inserted between the T1 and T12 vertebrae during a 24-month period were included in this study. PS position was assessed on high quality CT scans by two independent observers and classified in 2 categories: correct or misplaced. The transverse diameter, craniocaudal diameter and cross-sectional area of the pedicles from T1 to T12 were measured in the pre-operative CT. During the period of this study 36 patients underwent internal fixation with 218 PS. Of the 218 screws, 184 (84.5%) were correct and 34 (15.5%) were misplaced. Misplacement rate was 33% for pedicles with a transverse diameter less than 5 mm, 10.7% for those with a transverse diameter between 5 and 7 mm and 0% for those with a transverse diameter larger than 7 mm. There was a statistically significant difference in the rate of PS misplacement in pedicles with transverse diameter smaller than 5 mm compared with the others. Also, those with transverse diameter between 5.1 and 7 mm compared with those bigger than 7 mm in diameter. The rate of PS misplacement was higher between T3 and T9 (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05), which in turn correlated with pedicle transverse diameter. The rate of PS misplacement in the mid thoracic spine (T4-T9) is high and correlates with pedicle transverse diameter.
Frontiers in Neuroengineering, 2014
Using a variety of proliferating cell types, it was shown that the surface of nanocrystalline dia... more Using a variety of proliferating cell types, it was shown that the surface of nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) provides a permissive substrate for cell adhesion and development without the need of complex chemical functionalization prior to cell seeding. In an extensive series of experiments we found that, unlike proliferating cells, post-mitotic primary neurons do not adhere to bare NCD surfaces when cultured in defined medium. These observations raise questions on the potential use of bare NCD as an interfacing layer for neuronal devices. Nevertheless, we also found that classical chemical functionalization methods render the "hostile" bare NCD surfaces with adhesive properties that match those of classically functionalized substrates used extensively in biomedical research and applications. Based on the results, we propose a mechanism that accounts for the conflicting results; which on one hand claim that un-functionalized NCD provides a permissive substrate for cell adhesion and growth, while other reports demonstrate the opposite.
Nano Letters, 2014
Laser reduction of graphene oxide (GO) offers unique opportunities for the rapid, nonchemical pro... more Laser reduction of graphene oxide (GO) offers unique opportunities for the rapid, nonchemical production of graphene. By tuning relevant reduction parameters, the band gap and conductivity of reduced GO can be precisely controlled. In situ monitoring of single layer GO reduction is therefore essential. In this report, we show the direct observation of laser-induced, single layer GO reduction through correlated changes to its absorption and emission. Absorption/emission movies illustrate the initial stages of single layer GO reduction, its transition to reduced-GO (rGO) as well as its subsequent decomposition upon prolonged laser illumination. These studies reveal GO&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s photoreduction life cycle and through it native GO/rGO absorption coefficients, their intrasheet distributions as well as their spatial heterogeneities. Extracted absorption coefficients for unreduced GO are α405 nm ≈ 6.5 ± 1.1 × 10(4) cm(-1), α520 nm ≈ 2.1 ± 0.4 × 10(4) cm(-1), and α640 nm ≈ 1.1 ± 0.3 × 10(4) cm(-1) while corresponding rGO α-values are α405 nm ≈ 21.6 ± 0.6 × 10(4) cm(-1), α520 nm ≈ 16.9 ± 0.4 × 10(4) cm(-1), and α640 nm ≈ 14.5 ± 0.4 × 10(4) cm(-1). More importantly, the correlated absorption/emission imaging provides us with unprecedented insight into GO&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s underlying photoreduction mechanism, given our ability to spatially resolve its kinetics and to connect local rate constants to activation energies. On a broader level, the developed absorption imaging is general and can be applied toward investigating the optical properties of other two-dimensional materials, especially those that are nonemissive and are invisible to current single molecule optical techniques.
19th-Century Music, 2004
In recent years, discussions of narrative in music seem to have fallen into decline. This circums... more In recent years, discussions of narrative in music seem to have fallen into decline. This circumstance might register the effects of the strong stances taken by a few influential writers in the early 1990s regarding the extent to which music can be understood as narrative. This article shifts focus to a different concern, the extent to which music can be related to narrative metaphorically. Using narrative as flexible conceptual framework, it considers Charles IvesÕs The Unanswered Question, a piece whose foundational narrative impulse few would dispute. The central narrative aspects include compositional techniques particular to the twentieth century, such as reordered chronologies and the layering of seemingly independent material. These features suggest comparison with various aspects of narrative structure and narration in literary and filmic narratives. The comparison suggests new ways of conceptualizing IvesÕs music, showing how new techniques intersected with narrative forms,...
Neurosurgical Focus, 2007
Object To assess the safety and efficacy of the DIAM implant, the authors compared the mean 12-mo... more Object To assess the safety and efficacy of the DIAM implant, the authors compared the mean 12-month outcomes in patients who underwent lumbar surgery with DIAM placement and in those who underwent lumbar surgery only. Methods Of 62 patients who underwent simple lumbar surgery (laminectomy and/or microdiscectomy) in a 24-month period, 31 underwent concomitant surgical placement of a DIAM interspinous process spacer (33 devices total). Radiographic imaging, pain scores, and clinical assessments were obtained postoperatively to a mean of 12 months (range 8–25 months). Patients who did not undergo implantation of an interspinous process spacer (Group C) were compared with and stratified against patients who underwent placement of a DIAM implant (Group D). In Group D, no statistically significant differences were noted in anterior or posterior disc height when comparing patients pre- and postoperatively. Compared with Group C, a relative kyphosis of less than 2° was noted on postoperati...
Nature Geoscience, 2008
Each month, Nature Geoscience will bring you top-quality research papers, reviews and opinion pie... more Each month, Nature Geoscience will bring you top-quality research papers, reviews and opinion pieces - in print and online.
Loisir et Société / Society and Leisure, 2007
The purpose of this paper is to trace some of the links between neo-liberalism, narcissism and th... more The purpose of this paper is to trace some of the links between neo-liberalism, narcissism and the influence of work, leisure and consumer culture on self-identity. By examining narcissism as an instrument of personality and social psychological analysis, we investigate the ways in which self-identity in neo-liberal societies is constructed and fulfilled through interactions with the marketplace, promoting self-interest and success in the form of wealth, admiration and bodily perfection. It is our contention that this process creates narcissistic identities, which attempt to defend the self against the degradation of work in neo-liberal societies, and where anxiety, emptiness and isolation are converted into pleasure and healing through leisure consumerism. In the final analysis we explore some of the links between narcissistic work and leisure, and psychological distress and disorders.
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Papers by Matthew McDonald