Earth observation has the potential to make significant contributions to policy and society, as w... more Earth observation has the potential to make significant contributions to policy and society, as we discussed in Chap. 1 of this book.
The utilization of remote sensing and geospatial technologies has been instrumental to advance ou... more The utilization of remote sensing and geospatial technologies has been instrumental to advance our understanding of environmental factors affecting human health and well-being. Extreme weather and related phenomena appear to be rising in frequency and intensity which pose growing health risks to human populations. Remote sensing and geospatial technologies have been successfully implemented over the last 50 years examining the role of environmental factors in air-borne, vector-borne, soil-borne and waterborne diseases. With the availability of new data and advanced technologies, more robust public health measures are being implemented to improve our health and well-being.
Earth observations can help reduce the loss of life and property from natural and human induced d... more Earth observations can help reduce the loss of life and property from natural and human induced disasters through increasing our understanding of complex environmental systems. In this context, the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) is being built through the coordination of efforts within the international Group on Earth Observations (GEO), comprised of 80 Member States, the European Commission and 58 Participating Organizations, established in February 2005. The 10-Year Implementation Plan defines a vision statement for GEOSS, its purpose and scope, expected benefits for nine “Societal Benefit Areas” (SBAs) (disasters, health, energy, climate, water, weather, ecosystems, agriculture and biodiversity), technical and capacity building priorities, and the GEO governance structure. The full value of GEOSS lies in its ability to integrate information across disciplines. Thus, GEOSS is concerned with: interlinking weather forecasting systems with other Earth observation ...
In this study, we investigated trends in the use of remote sensing (RS) to address some major glo... more In this study, we investigated trends in the use of remote sensing (RS) to address some major global environmental issues to see if it is being increasingly or decreasingly used to address each issue. We considered several land, water, air, and integrated Earth system issues. Of the 12 environmental issues we considered, there was an increasing trend in the use of RS in 5 (deforestation, urban heat island, air pollution, water pollution, and biodiversity loss), a flat trend in 4 (forest degradation, greenhouse gas emissions, sustainable development, and ecosystem services) and a decreasing trend in 3 (desertification, ocean acidification, and climate change/global warming) from 2000-2013. The issues with flat or decreasing trends (except desertification) are generally difficult to directly observe using current RS instruments alone, which may have limited the wider use of RS in these areas. Development of new sensors or new methods for combining remote sensing with other information...
Earth observations can provide actionable science and information for policy through projections ... more Earth observations can provide actionable science and information for policy through projections and forecasts; near real-time management or identification of deviations in long-term trends; and improved spatial, spectral, or temporal resolution (and better characterization of uncertainty) in data, observations, and models.
Satellite Earth Observations and Their Impact on Society and Policy, 2017
as a new international framework for greenhouse gas reductions in the post-2020 period. It is a f... more as a new international framework for greenhouse gas reductions in the post-2020 period. It is a fair agreement applicable to all Parties. The Paris Agreement has a long-term objective of holding the increase in global temperatures to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, and each Party shall communicate or update its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) every 5 years. Each party is to regularly provide information and to participate in expert reviews and a multilateral consideration of progress. A 5-yearly 'global stocktake', a review of the impact of countries' actions for the implementation of the agreement, will also take place. CO 2 and CH 4 together account for more than 90% of the total warming effect (radiation forcing) caused by greenhouse gases (GHG) (IPCC 2013). More GHG in the atmosphere is thought to cause not only higher global average temperatures but also climatic change such as severe droughts and frequent floods, which may result in enormous damage. The Paris Agreement is a major step forward in addressing the climate change challenge. To do so, it is essential to obtain accurate information on GHG emissions on a climate zonal basis (and preferably a national basis) and to evaluate reduction measures based on this knowledge.
Satellite Earth Observations and Their Impact on Society and Policy
use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you g... more use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the book's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
56th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, the International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law
ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2016
Developing countries must submit forest reference emission levels (FRELs) to the UNFCCC to receiv... more Developing countries must submit forest reference emission levels (FRELs) to the UNFCCC to receive incentives for REDD+ activities (e.g. reducing emissions from deforestation/forest degradation, sustainable management of forests, forest carbon stock conservation/enhancement). These FRELs are generated based on historical CO2 emissions in the land use, land use change, and forestry sector, and are derived using remote sensing (RS) data and in-situ forest carbon measurements. Since the quality of the historical emissions estimates is affected by the quality and quantity of the RS data used, in this study we calculated five metrics (i-v below) to assess the quality and quantity of the data that has been used thus far. Countries could focus on improving on one or more of these metrics for the submission of future FRELs. Some of our main findings were: (i) the median percentage of each country mapped was 100%, (ii) the median historical timeframe for which RS data was used was 11.5 years...
The Group on Earth Observations is coordinating efforts to build a Global Earth Observation Syste... more The Group on Earth Observations is coordinating efforts to build a Global Earth Observation System of Systems, or GEOSS. It was launched in response to calls for action by the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development and by the G8 (Group of Eight) leading industrialized countries. These high-level meetings recognized that international collaboration is essential for exploiting the growing potential of Earth observations to support decision making in an increasingly complex and environmentally stressed world. GEO is a voluntary partnership of governments and international organizations. It provides a framework within which these partners can develop new projects and coordinate their strategies and investments. As of June 2010, GEO's members include 81 governments and the European Commission. In addition, 58 intergovernmental, international and regional organizations with a mandate in Earth observation or related issues have been recognized as participating organizations. GEO is constructing GEOSS on the basis of a 10-year implementation plan for the period 2005 to 2015. The plan defines a vision statement for GEOSS, its purpose and scope, expected benefits, and the nine "Societal Benefit Areas" of disasters, health, energy, climate, water, weather, ecosystems, agriculture and biodiversity.
The managerial model of treaty compliance theory suggests that the flow of information in the Uni... more The managerial model of treaty compliance theory suggests that the flow of information in the United Nations Convention on Climate Change/Kyoto Protocol regime is designed in two ways: monitoring environmental conditions (systematic observation) and monitoring compliance (self-reporting and review). The significance of satellite Earth observation is that it provides an integral part of systematic observation, although not directly responding to procedural treaty obligations such as report and review. If we are to use satellite data as a potential global common measurement tool, there is a need to bridge the gaps between observation methods and the policy framework.
Earth observation has the potential to make significant contributions to policy and society, as w... more Earth observation has the potential to make significant contributions to policy and society, as we discussed in Chap. 1 of this book.
The utilization of remote sensing and geospatial technologies has been instrumental to advance ou... more The utilization of remote sensing and geospatial technologies has been instrumental to advance our understanding of environmental factors affecting human health and well-being. Extreme weather and related phenomena appear to be rising in frequency and intensity which pose growing health risks to human populations. Remote sensing and geospatial technologies have been successfully implemented over the last 50 years examining the role of environmental factors in air-borne, vector-borne, soil-borne and waterborne diseases. With the availability of new data and advanced technologies, more robust public health measures are being implemented to improve our health and well-being.
Earth observations can help reduce the loss of life and property from natural and human induced d... more Earth observations can help reduce the loss of life and property from natural and human induced disasters through increasing our understanding of complex environmental systems. In this context, the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) is being built through the coordination of efforts within the international Group on Earth Observations (GEO), comprised of 80 Member States, the European Commission and 58 Participating Organizations, established in February 2005. The 10-Year Implementation Plan defines a vision statement for GEOSS, its purpose and scope, expected benefits for nine “Societal Benefit Areas” (SBAs) (disasters, health, energy, climate, water, weather, ecosystems, agriculture and biodiversity), technical and capacity building priorities, and the GEO governance structure. The full value of GEOSS lies in its ability to integrate information across disciplines. Thus, GEOSS is concerned with: interlinking weather forecasting systems with other Earth observation ...
In this study, we investigated trends in the use of remote sensing (RS) to address some major glo... more In this study, we investigated trends in the use of remote sensing (RS) to address some major global environmental issues to see if it is being increasingly or decreasingly used to address each issue. We considered several land, water, air, and integrated Earth system issues. Of the 12 environmental issues we considered, there was an increasing trend in the use of RS in 5 (deforestation, urban heat island, air pollution, water pollution, and biodiversity loss), a flat trend in 4 (forest degradation, greenhouse gas emissions, sustainable development, and ecosystem services) and a decreasing trend in 3 (desertification, ocean acidification, and climate change/global warming) from 2000-2013. The issues with flat or decreasing trends (except desertification) are generally difficult to directly observe using current RS instruments alone, which may have limited the wider use of RS in these areas. Development of new sensors or new methods for combining remote sensing with other information...
Earth observations can provide actionable science and information for policy through projections ... more Earth observations can provide actionable science and information for policy through projections and forecasts; near real-time management or identification of deviations in long-term trends; and improved spatial, spectral, or temporal resolution (and better characterization of uncertainty) in data, observations, and models.
Satellite Earth Observations and Their Impact on Society and Policy, 2017
as a new international framework for greenhouse gas reductions in the post-2020 period. It is a f... more as a new international framework for greenhouse gas reductions in the post-2020 period. It is a fair agreement applicable to all Parties. The Paris Agreement has a long-term objective of holding the increase in global temperatures to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, and each Party shall communicate or update its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) every 5 years. Each party is to regularly provide information and to participate in expert reviews and a multilateral consideration of progress. A 5-yearly 'global stocktake', a review of the impact of countries' actions for the implementation of the agreement, will also take place. CO 2 and CH 4 together account for more than 90% of the total warming effect (radiation forcing) caused by greenhouse gases (GHG) (IPCC 2013). More GHG in the atmosphere is thought to cause not only higher global average temperatures but also climatic change such as severe droughts and frequent floods, which may result in enormous damage. The Paris Agreement is a major step forward in addressing the climate change challenge. To do so, it is essential to obtain accurate information on GHG emissions on a climate zonal basis (and preferably a national basis) and to evaluate reduction measures based on this knowledge.
Satellite Earth Observations and Their Impact on Society and Policy
use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you g... more use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the book's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
56th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, the International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law
ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2016
Developing countries must submit forest reference emission levels (FRELs) to the UNFCCC to receiv... more Developing countries must submit forest reference emission levels (FRELs) to the UNFCCC to receive incentives for REDD+ activities (e.g. reducing emissions from deforestation/forest degradation, sustainable management of forests, forest carbon stock conservation/enhancement). These FRELs are generated based on historical CO2 emissions in the land use, land use change, and forestry sector, and are derived using remote sensing (RS) data and in-situ forest carbon measurements. Since the quality of the historical emissions estimates is affected by the quality and quantity of the RS data used, in this study we calculated five metrics (i-v below) to assess the quality and quantity of the data that has been used thus far. Countries could focus on improving on one or more of these metrics for the submission of future FRELs. Some of our main findings were: (i) the median percentage of each country mapped was 100%, (ii) the median historical timeframe for which RS data was used was 11.5 years...
The Group on Earth Observations is coordinating efforts to build a Global Earth Observation Syste... more The Group on Earth Observations is coordinating efforts to build a Global Earth Observation System of Systems, or GEOSS. It was launched in response to calls for action by the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development and by the G8 (Group of Eight) leading industrialized countries. These high-level meetings recognized that international collaboration is essential for exploiting the growing potential of Earth observations to support decision making in an increasingly complex and environmentally stressed world. GEO is a voluntary partnership of governments and international organizations. It provides a framework within which these partners can develop new projects and coordinate their strategies and investments. As of June 2010, GEO's members include 81 governments and the European Commission. In addition, 58 intergovernmental, international and regional organizations with a mandate in Earth observation or related issues have been recognized as participating organizations. GEO is constructing GEOSS on the basis of a 10-year implementation plan for the period 2005 to 2015. The plan defines a vision statement for GEOSS, its purpose and scope, expected benefits, and the nine "Societal Benefit Areas" of disasters, health, energy, climate, water, weather, ecosystems, agriculture and biodiversity.
The managerial model of treaty compliance theory suggests that the flow of information in the Uni... more The managerial model of treaty compliance theory suggests that the flow of information in the United Nations Convention on Climate Change/Kyoto Protocol regime is designed in two ways: monitoring environmental conditions (systematic observation) and monitoring compliance (self-reporting and review). The significance of satellite Earth observation is that it provides an integral part of systematic observation, although not directly responding to procedural treaty obligations such as report and review. If we are to use satellite data as a potential global common measurement tool, there is a need to bridge the gaps between observation methods and the policy framework.
Uploads
Papers by Masami Onoda