Athletes who participate in sports that require repetitive twisting and turning at speed, such as... more Athletes who participate in sports that require repetitive twisting and turning at speed, such as soccer or ice hockey, may be at risk of developing a 'sports hernia'-disruption of the inguinal canal without a clinically detectable hernia. Insidious onset of unilateral groin pain is the most common symptom. Concurrent pathologies, such as osteitis pubis and adductor tenoperiostitis, may complicate diagnosis. Plain radiographs and a bone scan can aid differential diagnosis, but herniography is not recommended. Surgery is the preferred treatment. Structured rehabilitation should enable athletes to return to sports activity 6 to 8 weeks after surgery.
Objective To determine in retired international athletes: (1) the prevalence of significant injur... more Objective To determine in retired international athletes: (1) the prevalence of significant injury and early retirement, and (2) if those with generalised joint hypermobility (GJH) are more likely to sustain a significant injury. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Data from a survey of retired Olympic athletes. Patients (or Participants) 605 retired athletes, aged 40-97 years, 40% female (n = 244) who had competed internationally for Great Britain at the Summer and/or Winter Olympic Games. Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors) Data collected on reasons for retirement from competitive sport including the type and location of significant injury. A validated line drawing instrument was used to measure generalised joint hypermobility (GJH) (Beighton > 3/9). Main Outcome Measurements Injury-forced retirement from a competitive sports career. Results Of those who replied to the questionnaire (n = 714), 84.7% (n = 605) were retired from sport, and 21.8% (n = 132) of those retired from sport reported that they had retired early because of injury. The main locations of injuries that were reported to be responsible for retirement from sport were the lower back (25.8%), knee (25.0%), lower leg (8.3%), ankle (7.6%), Achilles tendon (6.8%), shoulder (6.8%), hip (5.3%), and thigh (5.3%). The main types of injury reported to be responsible for early retirement from sport were soft tissue related (23.9%), injuries to the intervertebral disc (19.0%), intervertebral joint (18.2%), and cartilage injuries at the hip and knee (9.1%). Overall, GJH was not associated with a significant injury in female [OR 1.25; 95% CI, 0.62-2.50] or male athletes [OR 0.76; 95% CI, 0.35-1.65]. Conclusions Injury is a major cause of early retirement among high-level athletes. However, those with GJH were no more likely to sustain a significant injury.
Objectives(1) To determine the prevalence of spine and upper limb osteoarthritis (OA) and pain in... more Objectives(1) To determine the prevalence of spine and upper limb osteoarthritis (OA) and pain in retired Olympians; (2) identify risk factors associated with their occurrence and (3) compare with a sample of the general population.Methods3357 retired Olympians (44.7 years) and 1735 general population controls (40.5 years) completed a cross-sectional survey. The survey captured demographics, general health, self-reported physician-diagnosed OA, current joint/region pain and significant injury (lasting ≥1 month). Adjusted ORs (aORs) compared retired Olympians and the general population.ResultsOverall, 40% of retired Olympians reported experiencing current joint pain. The prevalence of lumbar spine pain was 19.3% and shoulder pain 7.4%, with lumbar spine and shoulder OA 5.7% and 2.4%, respectively. Injury was associated with increased odds (aOR, 95% CI) of OA and pain at the lumbar spine (OA=5.59, 4.01 to 7.78; pain=4.90, 3.97 to 6.05), cervical spine (OA=17.83, 1.02 to 31.14; pain=9....
IntroductionProfessional footballers commonly experience sports-related injury and repetitive mic... more IntroductionProfessional footballers commonly experience sports-related injury and repetitive microtrauma to the foot and ankle, placing them at risk of subsequent chronic pain and osteoarthritis (OA) of the foot and ankle. Similarly, repeated heading of the ball, head/neck injuries and concussion have been implicated in later development of neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia. A recent retrospective study found that death from neurodegenerative diseases was higher among former professional soccer players compared with age matched controls. However, well-designed lifetime studies are still needed to provide evidence regarding the prevalence of these conditions and their associated risk factors in retired professional football players compared with the general male population.ObjectivesTo determine whether former professional male footballers have a higher prevalence than the general male population of: (1) foot/ankle pain and radiographic OA; and (2) cognitive and motor impa...
Background Ankle sprains are one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries, accounting for up t... more Background Ankle sprains are one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries, accounting for up to 5% of all Emergency Department visits in the United Kingdom. Ankle injury may be associated with future ankle osteoarthritis. Up to 70% of ankle osteoarthritis cases may be associated with previous ankle injury. There is limited research regarding the association between ankle sprain and ankle osteoarthritis development. The current study aims to phenotype those who suffer significant ankle ligament injuries, identify potential risk factors for ankle injuries and subsequent poor recovery, examine why individuals may develop osteoarthritis, and what factors influence this chance. Methods In this multicentre cohort study participants were recruited from nine Emergency Departments and two Urgent Care Centres in the United Kingdom. Participants (aged 18–70 years old) were defined as those who had suffered an isolated acute ankle sprain, which was Ottawa Ankle Rules positive, but negative f...
International journal of sports physical therapy, 2016
BACKGROUND A variety of risk factors predispose athletes to injury, such as impaired neuromuscula... more BACKGROUND A variety of risk factors predispose athletes to injury, such as impaired neuromuscular control, insufficient core stability, and muscular imbalances. The goal of assessing functional movement patterns is to detect imbalances and correct them with prevention strategies and thereby decrease injuries, and improve performance and quality of life. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to generate normative values for the 'Nine Test Screening Battery' (9TSB) in a group of recreational athletes. A secondary aim was to study gender differences and differences between subjects with (more than six weeks before test occasion) and without previous injury (regardless of injury location). A third aim was to investigate the psychometric properties of the 9TSB. METHODS Eighty healthy recreational athletes, (40 men and 40 women) aged 22-58, were included. The subjects were tested according to strict criteria during nine functional movement exercises that comprise the 9TSB; each g...
ObjectiveDescribe the self-reported prevalence and nature of Olympic-career injury and general he... more ObjectiveDescribe the self-reported prevalence and nature of Olympic-career injury and general health and current residual symptoms in a self-selected sample of retired Olympians.Methods3357 retired Olympians from 131 countries completed a cross-sectional online survey, distributed by direct email through World Olympians Association and National Olympian Associations databases. The survey captured Olympic sport exposure, significant training and competition injury history (lasting >1 month), general health (eg, depression) during the athlete’s career, and current musculoskeletal pain and functional limitations.Results55% were men (44% women, 1% unknown), representing 57 sports (42 Summer, 15 Winter), aged 44.7 years (range 16–97). A total of 3746 injuries were self-reported by 2116 Olympians. This equated, 63.0% (women 68.1%, men 59.2%) reporting at least one significant injury during their Olympic career. Injury prevalence was highest in handball (82.2%) and lowest in shooting (...
Athletes who participate in sports that require repetitive twisting and turning at speed, such as... more Athletes who participate in sports that require repetitive twisting and turning at speed, such as soccer or ice hockey, may be at risk of developing a 'sports hernia'-disruption of the inguinal canal without a clinically detectable hernia. Insidious onset of unilateral groin pain is the most common symptom. Concurrent pathologies, such as osteitis pubis and adductor tenoperiostitis, may complicate diagnosis. Plain radiographs and a bone scan can aid differential diagnosis, but herniography is not recommended. Surgery is the preferred treatment. Structured rehabilitation should enable athletes to return to sports activity 6 to 8 weeks after surgery.
Objective To determine in retired international athletes: (1) the prevalence of significant injur... more Objective To determine in retired international athletes: (1) the prevalence of significant injury and early retirement, and (2) if those with generalised joint hypermobility (GJH) are more likely to sustain a significant injury. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Data from a survey of retired Olympic athletes. Patients (or Participants) 605 retired athletes, aged 40-97 years, 40% female (n = 244) who had competed internationally for Great Britain at the Summer and/or Winter Olympic Games. Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors) Data collected on reasons for retirement from competitive sport including the type and location of significant injury. A validated line drawing instrument was used to measure generalised joint hypermobility (GJH) (Beighton > 3/9). Main Outcome Measurements Injury-forced retirement from a competitive sports career. Results Of those who replied to the questionnaire (n = 714), 84.7% (n = 605) were retired from sport, and 21.8% (n = 132) of those retired from sport reported that they had retired early because of injury. The main locations of injuries that were reported to be responsible for retirement from sport were the lower back (25.8%), knee (25.0%), lower leg (8.3%), ankle (7.6%), Achilles tendon (6.8%), shoulder (6.8%), hip (5.3%), and thigh (5.3%). The main types of injury reported to be responsible for early retirement from sport were soft tissue related (23.9%), injuries to the intervertebral disc (19.0%), intervertebral joint (18.2%), and cartilage injuries at the hip and knee (9.1%). Overall, GJH was not associated with a significant injury in female [OR 1.25; 95% CI, 0.62-2.50] or male athletes [OR 0.76; 95% CI, 0.35-1.65]. Conclusions Injury is a major cause of early retirement among high-level athletes. However, those with GJH were no more likely to sustain a significant injury.
Objectives(1) To determine the prevalence of spine and upper limb osteoarthritis (OA) and pain in... more Objectives(1) To determine the prevalence of spine and upper limb osteoarthritis (OA) and pain in retired Olympians; (2) identify risk factors associated with their occurrence and (3) compare with a sample of the general population.Methods3357 retired Olympians (44.7 years) and 1735 general population controls (40.5 years) completed a cross-sectional survey. The survey captured demographics, general health, self-reported physician-diagnosed OA, current joint/region pain and significant injury (lasting ≥1 month). Adjusted ORs (aORs) compared retired Olympians and the general population.ResultsOverall, 40% of retired Olympians reported experiencing current joint pain. The prevalence of lumbar spine pain was 19.3% and shoulder pain 7.4%, with lumbar spine and shoulder OA 5.7% and 2.4%, respectively. Injury was associated with increased odds (aOR, 95% CI) of OA and pain at the lumbar spine (OA=5.59, 4.01 to 7.78; pain=4.90, 3.97 to 6.05), cervical spine (OA=17.83, 1.02 to 31.14; pain=9....
IntroductionProfessional footballers commonly experience sports-related injury and repetitive mic... more IntroductionProfessional footballers commonly experience sports-related injury and repetitive microtrauma to the foot and ankle, placing them at risk of subsequent chronic pain and osteoarthritis (OA) of the foot and ankle. Similarly, repeated heading of the ball, head/neck injuries and concussion have been implicated in later development of neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia. A recent retrospective study found that death from neurodegenerative diseases was higher among former professional soccer players compared with age matched controls. However, well-designed lifetime studies are still needed to provide evidence regarding the prevalence of these conditions and their associated risk factors in retired professional football players compared with the general male population.ObjectivesTo determine whether former professional male footballers have a higher prevalence than the general male population of: (1) foot/ankle pain and radiographic OA; and (2) cognitive and motor impa...
Background Ankle sprains are one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries, accounting for up t... more Background Ankle sprains are one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries, accounting for up to 5% of all Emergency Department visits in the United Kingdom. Ankle injury may be associated with future ankle osteoarthritis. Up to 70% of ankle osteoarthritis cases may be associated with previous ankle injury. There is limited research regarding the association between ankle sprain and ankle osteoarthritis development. The current study aims to phenotype those who suffer significant ankle ligament injuries, identify potential risk factors for ankle injuries and subsequent poor recovery, examine why individuals may develop osteoarthritis, and what factors influence this chance. Methods In this multicentre cohort study participants were recruited from nine Emergency Departments and two Urgent Care Centres in the United Kingdom. Participants (aged 18–70 years old) were defined as those who had suffered an isolated acute ankle sprain, which was Ottawa Ankle Rules positive, but negative f...
International journal of sports physical therapy, 2016
BACKGROUND A variety of risk factors predispose athletes to injury, such as impaired neuromuscula... more BACKGROUND A variety of risk factors predispose athletes to injury, such as impaired neuromuscular control, insufficient core stability, and muscular imbalances. The goal of assessing functional movement patterns is to detect imbalances and correct them with prevention strategies and thereby decrease injuries, and improve performance and quality of life. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to generate normative values for the 'Nine Test Screening Battery' (9TSB) in a group of recreational athletes. A secondary aim was to study gender differences and differences between subjects with (more than six weeks before test occasion) and without previous injury (regardless of injury location). A third aim was to investigate the psychometric properties of the 9TSB. METHODS Eighty healthy recreational athletes, (40 men and 40 women) aged 22-58, were included. The subjects were tested according to strict criteria during nine functional movement exercises that comprise the 9TSB; each g...
ObjectiveDescribe the self-reported prevalence and nature of Olympic-career injury and general he... more ObjectiveDescribe the self-reported prevalence and nature of Olympic-career injury and general health and current residual symptoms in a self-selected sample of retired Olympians.Methods3357 retired Olympians from 131 countries completed a cross-sectional online survey, distributed by direct email through World Olympians Association and National Olympian Associations databases. The survey captured Olympic sport exposure, significant training and competition injury history (lasting >1 month), general health (eg, depression) during the athlete’s career, and current musculoskeletal pain and functional limitations.Results55% were men (44% women, 1% unknown), representing 57 sports (42 Summer, 15 Winter), aged 44.7 years (range 16–97). A total of 3746 injuries were self-reported by 2116 Olympians. This equated, 63.0% (women 68.1%, men 59.2%) reporting at least one significant injury during their Olympic career. Injury prevalence was highest in handball (82.2%) and lowest in shooting (...
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