Papers by Marie-josé Butel
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
In adults, Clostridioides difficile infections are associated with alterations of the intestinal ... more In adults, Clostridioides difficile infections are associated with alterations of the intestinal bacterial populations. Although preterm neonates (PN) are frequently colonized by C. difficile, limited data are available regarding the relationship between C. difficile and the intestinal microbiota of this specific population. Therefore, we studied the intestinal microbiota of PN from two multicenter cohorts using high-throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Our results showed that alpha diversity was significantly higher in children colonized by C. difficile than those without colonization. Beta diversity significantly differed between the groups. In multivariate analysis, C. difficile colonization was significantly associated with the absence of postnatal antibiotherapy and higher gestational age. Taxa belonging to the Lachnospiraceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Oscillospiraceae families and Veillonella sp. were positively associated with C. difficile colonization, whereas Ba...
This article cites 38 articles, 7 of which can be accessed free at:
L'atopie, sous ses differentes formes cliniques, eczema, rhinite, asthme, est une maladie chr... more L'atopie, sous ses differentes formes cliniques, eczema, rhinite, asthme, est une maladie chronique dont l'incidence a sensiblement augmente de nos jours. Une hygiene trop poussee conduit a une diminution de l'exposition du nouveau-ne aux divers micro-organismes et pourrait etre responsable d'un retard de maturation du systeme immunitaire intestinal. Le nouveau-ne nait avec une population de lymphocytes T auxiliaires de type Th2 predominante. Les cytokines produites par les Th2 orientent vers une reponse de type allergique. La flore intestinale apparait etre un element important dans une reorientation de l'immunite intestinale du nouveau-ne vers un profil Th1. Des donnees recentes montrent des differences de flore entre les enfants allergiques et non-allergiques, concernant essentiellement les bifidobacteries. Des essais cliniques d'administration de probiotiques chez l'enfant ont montre des effets preventifs vis-a-vis de l'atopie. L'administratio...
Blood Advances, 2020
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is the main complication of hematopoietic stem cell trans... more Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is the main complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Changes in gut microbiota composition have been associated with subsequent aGVHD, and reconstitution of healthy microbiota is currently being explored as a therapeutic approach. However, the specific actors in the intestinal ecosystem involved in the pathologic process at the time of aGVHD onset are not yet fully known. We prospectively collected stool samples from patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT. Patients sampled at aGVHD onset were compared with non-GVHD patients. To identify phylogenetic and functional signatures of the disease process, we determined fecal short-chain fatty acid (SFCA) profiles and used high-throughput DNA sequencing and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction to assess the microbiota composition. Microbiota alterations were highly specific of gastrointestinal (GI) aGVHD severity. Bacterial biomass and α-diversity were lower in sever...
Revue Française d'Allergologie, 2019
Le microbiote intestinal d'un nourrisson souffrant d'APLV influence la réponse clinique et orient... more Le microbiote intestinal d'un nourrisson souffrant d'APLV influence la réponse clinique et oriente le système immunitaire vers un terrain atopique dans un modèle murin 1 EA4065 « Ecosystème intestinal, probiotiques, antibiotiques »
Acta Paediatrica, 2017
This Lebanese study tested the hypothesis that differences would exist in the gut microbiota of p... more This Lebanese study tested the hypothesis that differences would exist in the gut microbiota of preterm infants with and without necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), as reported in western countries. Methods: This study compared 11 infants with NEC and 11 controls, all born at 27-35 weeks, in three neonatal intensive care units between January 2013 and March 2015. Faecal samples were collected at key time points and microbiota was analysed by culture, quantitative PCR (qPCR), and temperature temporal gel electrophoresis (TTGE). Results: The cultures revealed that all preterm infants were poorly colonised and harboured no more than seven species. Prior to NEC diagnosis, significant differences were observed by qPCR with a higher colonisation by staphylococci (p= 0.034) and lower colonisations by enterococci (p= 0.039) and lactobacilli (p= 0.048) in the NEC group compared to the healthy controls. Throughout the study, virtually all of the infants were colonised by Enterobacteriaceae at high levels. TTGE analysis revealed no particular clusterisation, showing high inter-individual variability. Conclusion: The NEC infants were poorly colonised with no more than seven species and the controls had a more diversified and balanced gut microbiota. Understanding NEC aetiology better could lead to more effective prophylactic interventions and a reduced incidence.
Advances in Probiotic Technology, 2015
Journal of clinical microbiology, Jan 19, 2015
"Clostridium neonatale" sp. nov., previously involved in an outbreak of neonatal necrotizing ente... more "Clostridium neonatale" sp. nov., previously involved in an outbreak of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, was recently proposed as a new species of the Clostridium genus sensu stricto. We developed a one-step multiplex colony PCR for C. neonatale identification and investigated C. neonatale intestinal colonization frequency in healthy preterm neonates.
Anaerobe, 2010
This work reports an alternative selective medium for reliable and efficient isolation of human f... more This work reports an alternative selective medium for reliable and efficient isolation of human fecal bifidobacteria. It uses a base commercially available, does not need pH adjustment and can be autoclaved with its additives. It provides a useful alternative for fecal bifidobacteria isolation.
Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease, 2001
Selected oligosaccharides appear to be a class of potential agents against digestive diseases. Th... more Selected oligosaccharides appear to be a class of potential agents against digestive diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of diet supplementation with oligofructose (OF) in the prevention of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)-like lesions induced by clostridial species using gnotobiotic quails. Germ-free quails were inoculated with three pre-term fecal specimens involving C. perfringens and differing in bacterial levels and associations. They were fed for 3 weeks either a control diet (inducing NEC-like lesions) or an OF-containing diet, where 3% of OF replaced 3% of the 6% of lactose in the control diet. When fed the control diet, NEC-like lesions varied from 17% in group 1 (C. perfringens B10 6 CFU:g, Klebsiella) to 67% in group 2 (C. perfringens ca. 10 7 CFU:g, C. dif cile) and group 3 (C. perfringens ca. 10 8 CFU:g, C. dif cile, C. paraputri cum). Supplementation with OF led to the inhibition of the disease in group 1 and to less extensive tissue necrosis and a sharp decrease in haemorrhages in groups 2 and 3. Only in group 3 was the OF bene cial effect associated with a decrease in C. perfringens (ca. 10 6 :g, p B0.05) and C. paraputri cum. Whatever the group, OF did not alter caecal pH or short-chain fatty acid concentrations. Health promoting effects of OF against NEC-like lesions caused by a polymicrobial infection were demonstrated. The possible mechanisms involved are discussed. Oligosaccharides in human milk have major physiological functions. Therefore, a supplementation with a synthetic analogue could offer a new approach to improve pre-term formula milk.
British Journal of Nutrition, 2002
The gut of preterm neonates is colonised with a paucity of bacterial species originating more fro... more The gut of preterm neonates is colonised with a paucity of bacterial species originating more from the environment than from the mother. Furthermore, a delayed colonisation by bifidobacteria promotes colonisation by potentially pathogenic bacteria. This may contribute towards the development of neonatal necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). The physiopathology of NEC is still unclear but immaturity of the gut, enteral feeding and bacterial colonisation are all thought to be involved. None of the current preventive treatments are considered satisfactory. Modulating the autochthonous microflora by probiotics or prebiotics could be a more reliable approach to prevention. Using gnotobiotic quails as an experimental model of NEC we have shown that onset of intestinal lesions requires a combination of low endogenous lactase activity, lactose in diet, and colonisation by lactose-fermenting bacteria such as the clostridia. The protective role of bifidobacteria was demonstrated in this model thro...
The Lancet, 1997
Non-enteropathogenic strains of Clostridium butyricum in neonatal necrotising enterocolitis (NEC)... more Non-enteropathogenic strains of Clostridium butyricum in neonatal necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) were discussed in The Lancet 20 years ago. 1-4 The role of C butyricum as a primary pathogen gave rise to controversy because it does not produce any specific toxin and occurs in both healthy infants and those with NEC. The gut of premature neonates is immature and colonised with few bacteria, and Gregor Lawrence and colleagues 5 postulated that in such infants a non-pathogen, with few or no competitors, is able to multiply without interference. Thus, bacterial metabolites, which are overproduced, may be absorbed and cause mucosal damage, thus initiating NEC. The investigators suggested that gnotobiotic animal models may be useful since a single or a few bacterial strains colonise the gut to high levels even if they are not pathogens. 5 Birds, unlike newborn mammals, do not have endogenous intestinal lactase, a situation which mimics the lactase A. Calculation of CTCL-SI
Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 2000
Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 2005
Introduction: Coeliac disease (CD) is a complex genetic disorder. Besides the environmental facto... more Introduction: Coeliac disease (CD) is a complex genetic disorder. Besides the environmental factor gluten and the HLA-DQ2 and 8 proteins, other unknown genetic factors are involved. Several genome-wide screens have been performed to locate the regions with genes involved in CD. In the Dutch population this has led to the discovery of two susceptibility regions, 6q21-22 and 19p13 (CELIAC4). The region on 19p13 is only limited to 3.5 Mb, but since it is a region with a high density of genes, it still contains 92 candidate genes. Aim: We set out to fine-map this region with microsatellite markers and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to search for association between genes and CD. Methods: We started with a cohort of 216 cases and 216 controls and expanded this to 311 cases and 540 controls. Microsatellites and SNPs were used. Results: Association testing using microsatellite markers has revealed a small region of interest of around 450 kb. Further fine-mapping with SNP shows association in a 150 kb region, encompassing a limited number of genes. Adding more SNPs led to the discovery of MYO9B as the gene on 19p13 most strongly associated to CD. This gene, which is a singleheaded motor myosin, shows association in its 3' part. This part of the gene contains the most interesting domains, which also differentiate the role of this myosin from the other family members. The Rho-Gap and Dag-Pe domains indicate that this gene is involved in signal transduction. We are now elucidating the specific role of this gene in signal transduction and trying to incorporate it in our models for CD. Conclusion: Finemapping the Dutch CD linkage region on chromosome 19p13 has led us to the gene MYO9b which is associated with the disease.
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Papers by Marie-josé Butel