Papers by Marie-hélène Deschamps
Journal of insects as food and feed, Mar 1, 2024
Scientific Reports, Nov 27, 2023
L’apparition d’anomalies vertebrales chez la truite arc-en-ciel (Oncorhynchus mykiss) est la cons... more L’apparition d’anomalies vertebrales chez la truite arc-en-ciel (Oncorhynchus mykiss) est la consequence d'un modelage osseux repondant a une multitude de facteurs (genetiques, environnementaux et physiologiques) intervenant au cours de la croissance. Les effets de diverses conditions environnementales - et plus particulierement la vitesse de croissance et la vitesse de nage - sur l'histomorphometrie vertebrale des truites ont ete evalues. Une nouvelle approche - la modelisation des profils de compacite osseuse - a ete utilisee. La regulation hormonale osseuse a egalement ete etudiee. Les parametres histomorphometriques des vertebres varient en fonction des conditions environnementales. La matrice osseuse subit un remodelage important : resorption progressive de la region mediane, renforcement de la region centrale et de la region peripherique ou s’attachent les muscles. Ces changements structuraux sont interpretes comme un compromis entre la necessite de mettre en circulation les reserves minerales en reponse a divers besoins physiologiques tout en maintenant la resistance mecanique des vertebres lors de la nage, tout au long de la croissance.
Marine Genomics, Dec 1, 2014
Reducing dietary phosphorus (P) is a common approach to reduce effluent P outputs. The potential ... more Reducing dietary phosphorus (P) is a common approach to reduce effluent P outputs. The potential resulting Pdeficiency is known to negatively impact fish bone condition and might result in vertebral deformities. To date, no large-scale study involving deep sequencing of the bone transcriptome has been conducted in salmonids and vertebral molecular changes remain poorly described. This study aims to provide the first comprehensive vertebral transcriptome for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to allow functional and quantitative expression studies. Fish weighing 60.8 ± 1.6 g, were fed for 27 weeks using two practical diets having 0.29% (deficient) and 0.45% (sufficient) available phosphorus (P), respectively. Deep sequencing was conducted using HiSeq2000 Illumina 100 paired-end technology from pooled P-deficient and P-sufficient fish and individuals displaying vertebral deformities. Over 140 million trimmed paired-end reads were assembled de novo with Trinity and resulted in 679,869 transcripts with a mean length of 542.5 bp. From these sequences, 340,747 matched with referenced ESTs from rainbow trout. Furthermore, 141,909 and 117,564 sequences were functionally annotated against Nr and Uniprot databases, respectively. Interestingly, we observed putative homologue sequences for most of the key components involved in bone formation and turnover in mammals.
Journal of Applied Ichthyology, Apr 1, 2010
A major problem for the fish farming industry is to find reliable indicators of bone condition th... more A major problem for the fish farming industry is to find reliable indicators of bone condition that could help to prevent vertebral abnormalities. Here, we summarize the main results of two recent studies aiming to assess the variation of two vertebral bone variables (bone mineralization and vertebral total bone area) during rainbow trout grow-out in several French farms. We provide evidence for a wide range of variation for these parameters and for the occurrence of vertebral bone abnormalities, and new data on vertebral structure in trout reared either in various fish farms (influence of rearing conditions) or at different temperatures (influence of various growth rates). Although further experiments are needed to understand bone metabolism in trout, these findings increase our knowledge on growth and modelling of vertebrae, and provide valuable data that will enable comparisons in the future.
Journal of insects as food and feed, 2022
Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are good candidates for upcycling wet organic residuals. Like oth... more Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are good candidates for upcycling wet organic residuals. Like other unprocessed raw animal products, BSFL require processing to prevent spoilage and degradation during storage and to facilitate their use as feed ingredients. In this study, hot-air drying and freeze-drying were examined as means to ensure long-term preservation. Pre-treatments of larvae, such as puncturing, blanching (40 s) and scalding (2, 4, 6 and 8 min) in boiling water reduced drying times, most likely by affecting the integrity of the wax-coated cuticle that protects the larvae against desiccation. Overall, the larvae dried two to six times faster using hot-air compared to freeze-drying, and larvae pre-treatments were proven to effectively improve drying efficacy. Pre-treating larvae in boiling water followed by a shorter drying time with hot air was effective at reducing primary and secondary oxidation as well as darkening/browning (colour lightness, L* value) compared to the untreated control (rawthawed) larvae. The larvae pre-treatments in boiling water also led to a significant reduction in microbial load (3.21 to 4.83 log) in the dry product compared to the control. BSFL powder, produced from grinding thawed larvae that were pre-treated for 4 min in boiling water before being dried in hot air (60 °C; 6 h), had a water activity below 0.4. This led to a relatively stable product with limited colour changes over a 30-day storage period. These processing treatments also resulted in a product with no detectable Salmonella and Escherichia coli counts ranging from 100 to 1000 cfu/g. Overall, the powdered BSFL product was deemed suitable to incorporate into pelleted feed under the current regulations in Canada.
Sustainability, Jul 13, 2023
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Journal of Applied Ichthyology, Jul 25, 2014
ABSTRACT Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is an important production species as well as one of... more ABSTRACT Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is an important production species as well as one of the most studied fish models, particularly regarding nutritional physiology. Due to negative environmental impacts linked with rainbow trout farm effluents, significant restrictions have been established in numerous regions to reduce dietary phosphorus (P) outputs. However, questions have arisen regarding the link between abnormal skeletal development and mineralization and insufficient dietary P availability during rapid fish growth (juvenile fish). Despite significant work to understand the dynamics of P-deficiency and the resulting impact on tissue mineralization, the extent of the early responses in rainbow trout fed low-P diets is not well described. The aim of this study was to explore the early-responses of scales, vertebrae and carcass P and ash in rainbow trout fed low-P vs sufficient-P controls. Two practical diets (sufficient: 0.45% available P and deficient: 0.29% available P) were fed over a 5-week period to triploid rainbow trout (initial mass 60.8 ± 1.6 g). Ash and P contents were used to assess mineral status of the different tissues. The relative loss of mineral and coefficient of variation were also calculated to compare the relative response and the inter-individual variability. After 4 weeks of P deprivation, no detectable effects were observed on growth performance, mortality or feed intake. However, as early as the second week onward, ash and P levels in scales and carcasses were significantly lower (p &lt; 0.05) in fish fed a P-deficient diet compared to those fed a P-sufficient diet. At week 4, the reduction in mineralization reached 19.3 and 18.4% for P and ash contents in scales, respectively. By the same week, P and ash contents in carcasses reached 15.1 and 12.8%, respectively. Interestingly, the absence of significant mineral loss in vertebrae did not prevent the emergence of a high incidence of vertebral deformities in P-deficient fish (45.6 ± 11.0%) when compared to P-sufficient fish (1.5 ± 2.1%). The main vertebral deformities observed in P-deficient trout were specific to impede bone matrix mineralization such as pronounced biconcave (35.5%) and undersized and widely spaced vertebral bodies (9.3%). For the scales compartment (ash and P status) and mineral parameter, the coefficients of variation showed a higher inter-individual variability in P-deficient vs P-sufficient fish, while no such effect was observed in carcass or vertebrae compartment. This study provides a useful comparison of various commonly-used indicators of bone mineral status as well as an approach to assess variability of fish response under low-dietary P level.
Aquaculture Environment Interactions, Dec 15, 2014
The aquaculture industry has long recognized the need to reduce phosphorus (P) waste outputs asso... more The aquaculture industry has long recognized the need to reduce phosphorus (P) waste outputs associated with environmental impact, and reduce off-flavor producing compounds, which can impact the quality of the fish product. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of dietary high P (HP) and low P (LP) on growth, nutrient digestibility, P retention, and P loading as well as their correlation to the synthesis of geosmin-associated off-flavor in a recirculating aquaculture system of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. The above diets were fed to quadruplicate tanks of rainbow trout (average mass ± SD: 127.4 ± 3.1 g) for 84 d. Results showed that the effects of the HP and LP diets on growth and P retention were not significantly different. While the apparent digestibility of P and other nutrients were higher in fish fed the LP diet, P waste outputs and geosmin levels in the fillets of fish were higher in fish fed the HP diet. Magnesium (Mg 2+), potassium (K +) and zinc (Zn 2+) concentrations in tank water were significantly lower in fish fed the HP diet than the LP diet in most of the sampling events. Furthermore, the tank water geosmin concentration was not strongly proportionally correlated with tank water-soluble P concentration for both the LP and HP diets. There was a strong proportional linear relationship between the geosmin concentration in tank water and in trout fillet for both the LP and HP diets. Results suggest that off-flavor contents in fish fillets and water were related to the dietary P level and metabolic P waste outputs into the system, findings that have implications for the formulation of sustainable diets for rainbow trout.
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2018
This experiment was conducted in parallel with work in the Democratic Republic of the Congo with ... more This experiment was conducted in parallel with work in the Democratic Republic of the Congo with the objective to evaluate the growth performance and production costs of Nile tilapia fed diets formulated using local plant protein sources, and to compare them to those obtained with an optimized commercial fish feed. Ninety monosex male tilapia juveniles (Oreochromis niloticus; mean weight 17.3 ± 0.2 g; mean length 9.6 ± 0.1 cm) were reared in 9 acrylic aquaria supplied by closed water recirculation system. Three diets were tested in triplicate: 1) Rcongo, the test diet formulated by using local feed ingredients collected in the DR-Congo; 2) Rcanada, the diet formulated with the same ingredient composition as the first one, but sourced in Canada; and 3) Rcommercial, a fishmeal-based commercial control diet. In vivo feed digestibility and biochemical analysis of samples were carried out. The effects of diet and rearing time were measured on fish performance, including fish biomass, K coefficient, weight gain (WG), feed efficiency (FE), feed conversion rate (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) and on nutrient budget and fish biochemical composition. After four weeks, the fish achieved weight gains of 52% for Rcongo diet (17.2 ± 0.4 to 26.2 ± 2.6 g), 59% for Rcanada diet (17.4 ± 0.1 to 27.6 ± 3.2 g) and 153% for the commercial diet (17.3 ± 0.2 to 43.8 ± 2.0 g). The cost-benefit analysis has indicated that the Rcongo diet was economically advantageous, reducing fish production cost up to 36% compared to commercial feed.
Aquaculture, Nov 1, 2009
Abnormal compressions and fusions of vertebral bodies are frequently observed in reared rainbow t... more Abnormal compressions and fusions of vertebral bodies are frequently observed in reared rainbow trout and could result from chronic and unbearable muscle pressures acting on the axial skeleton during intensive growth. Sustained swimming at moderate speeds was shown to induce many positive effects on growth and swimming performances in salmonids, but yet little is known about its effects on vertebral
Social Science Research Network, 2022
Journal of Environmental Management, Oct 1, 2022
Sustainability
Frass, the residual material resulting from the bioconversion of organic matter by black soldier ... more Frass, the residual material resulting from the bioconversion of organic matter by black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), has gained attention as a sustainable alternative to conventional fertilizers due to its high nutrient content. Additionally, frass has been found to possess antifungal properties, which can help control plant pathogens affecting horticultural crops. In this study, frass from BSFL reared on the Gainesville diet, a universally employed reference/control diet, was investigated in vitro for its effect on the growth of seven important fungal/oomycete pathogens. Dual culture overlay assays clearly showed that fresh Gainesville diet extract, as well as BSFL frass extract derived from this diet, contained microorganisms producing compound(s) that strongly inhibit(s) the mycelial growth of fungal/oomycete plant pathogens. Fungi and bacteria were then isolated from the fresh Gainesville diet and BSFL frass using the serial dilution technique. Among the different fungi/bacteria ...
Bull. Soc. zool. …, 2008
Suite aux travaux des histologistes du XIX e siècle, il apparaît rapidement que, chez les Téléost... more Suite aux travaux des histologistes du XIX e siècle, il apparaît rapidement que, chez les Téléostéens, il existe deux grands groupes de poissons : ceux qui possèdent un os avec des ostéocytes (les taxons de la base de la classification des Téléostéens) et ceux qui en sont dépourvus, essentiellement chez les Acanthomorphes (Thons exceptés), soit plus de la moitié des espèces actuelles de poissons osseux. Les premiers sont des espèces à os cellulaire ; les seconds sont des espèces dites à os acellulaire ou « anostéocytaire ». D'une façon générale, les constituants de base des tissus osseux des Téléostéens et, plus largement des Ostéichthyens, sont les mêmes que ceux qui ont été décrits chez les Mammifères, mais leur association montre une grande variété de types osseux. Les travaux des trois à quatre dernières décennies ont montré que les différences structurales observées dans l'ensemble des taxons de Téléostéens (exceptée l'absence des ostéocytes) relèvent, avant tout, de facteurs du milieu extérieur, notamment des facteurs saisonniers, mais également de l'activité métabolique. Aujourd'hui, on peut donc définir une véritable typologie des tissus osseux, en étroite liaison avec leur signification histo-physiologique. Si la structure de l'os est assez bien connue, même si un grand nombre des espèces de Téléostéens actuellement répertoriées (environ 30 000 ; données Fishbase) ont échappé à la sagacité des chercheurs, la physiologie de l'os des poissons reste un domaine peu exploité. Au cours de la première moitié du XX e siècle, l'os des Téléostéens était considéré comme un ensemble physiologiquement plus ou moins inerte ; la présence d'ostéoclastes était même contestée. Des travaux récents de quantification de certains paramètres histologiques osseux, incluant la composante minérale, menés essentiellement chez les Salmonidae et les Anguillidae (deux familles de migrateurs), montrent clairement que l'os des Téléostéens est un tissu vivant assumant différentes fonctions physiologiques, en plus de son rôle de soutien de l'organisme. Beaucoup reste à faire, cependant, pour sortir de ces deux modèles (tous deux à os cellulaire) et tout particulièrement sur les espèces à os acellulaire comme le bar, la dorade ou le turbot, espèces d'intérêt aquacole.
Social Science Research Network, 2022
Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 2014
Extended phosphorus (P) deficiency has been linked to an increase of skeletal deformities in farm... more Extended phosphorus (P) deficiency has been linked to an increase of skeletal deformities in farmed salmonids. To date, X-ray examination still is the most practical way to detect abnormalities that are not externally visible. The aim of this study was to develop a standardized method based on empirical measurements that provides an early radiograph-based detection of deformities. Triploid all-female rainbow trout (60.8 AE 1.6 g) were fed with phosphorus (P)-deficient and P-sufficient diets (total P = 0.5% and 0.92%, respectively). Experiments were carried out in 12 circular re-circulating tanks (n = 140/tank; 8.5-52.7 kg m À3 ; 12 AE 0.3°C; 18L: 6D). All fish were x-rayed at week 5, 15 and 24 to monitor vertebral abnormalities. Fish were assigned to a vertebral phenotype (normal, biconcave or compressed) when all vertebrae of the caudal region (V31-44) showed the same type of abnormalities. At week 9, 18 and 27, ten fish per tank were randomly sampled according to their vertebral phenotype. Vertebrae V38-V39 were collected and a second X-ray was performed to confirm the above-mentioned phenotypes. Morphometrics (vertebral length and height; intervertebral distances and vertebral body angles) were measured directly on radiographs. For all parameters measured, comparisons were made between normal P-sufficient fish and different scenarios of vertebral development (normal, restored, stable and aggravated) in P-deficient fish. The two parameters showing the most sensitivity were the median intervertebral distance and dorsal/ventral vertebral endplate angles. When analysed together, these two parameters allow a quantitative distinction of the different vertebral phenotypes. Measuring dorsal/ventral vertebral endplate angles seems a promising approach to detect aberrant vertebral development at early stages as slight changes were observed in P-deficient vertebrae that were assessed as normal by visual examination. Further studies including histological examinations and comparison with other radiological imaging techniques are required to confirm these results. Materials and methods Biological material and rearing conditions Experiments were conducted on all-female juvenile (60.8 AE 1.6 g) triploid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
Otolith Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca and 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios and vertebral bone histomorphometry were used to inv... more Otolith Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca and 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios and vertebral bone histomorphometry were used to investigate the life-history of Anguilla obscura eels from an enclosed lake, Lalolalo (Wallis Island in the Pacific), with no apparent connection with the sea. 87 Sr/ 86 Sr isotopic ratio from the core region gives evidence of indisputable marine origin of eels caught in the lake suggesting that underground connections between the lake and the sea exist. Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios recorded after the elver mark are undifferentiated from seawater ones, thus limiting their used as marker of entrance in the lake and movement. However, 87 Sr/ 86 Sr isotopic ratio demonstrated that: 1) eels enter in the lake just after their metamorphosis and spend their entire adult life in the lake and 2) the lake chemistry is consistent with 1 % seawater-like contribution and 99 % basalt weathering and/or geothermal spring contribution. The vertebrae do not show a particular demineralization of bone matrix (45-52 %). Reversely, the study of bone compactness shows an important loss of bone that favors the hypothesis of a genital maturation that arises in the ecological state of the lake.
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Papers by Marie-hélène Deschamps