En el contexto del narcotrafico como proceso globalizador, es que los habitantes de Putumayo pasa... more En el contexto del narcotrafico como proceso globalizador, es que los habitantes de Putumayo pasan de los cultivos tradicionales de consumo regional al cultivo de la mata de coca para consumo mundial, lo cual hace ofertar mayor cantidad de empleos con una paga segura pero a destajo. La oferta de esta nueva forma de trabajo en conjuncion con la pobreza del resto de la poblacion de Colombia, implico procesos migratorios de otros departamentos a Putumayo y la vinculacion de ninos y jovenes a la dinamica global de mercados. Desde la memoria de hombres y mujeres adultos de entre 28 y 52 anos de edad, explicamos como fue su experiencia de migracion y trabajo en la zona de Putumayo, Colombia.
Este e um relato de estudo realizado como avaliacao para uma disciplina de graduacao em licenciat... more Este e um relato de estudo realizado como avaliacao para uma disciplina de graduacao em licenciatura em musica. O objetivo do trabalho foi o de contribuir para o entendimento dos processos de transmissao das praticas musicais e as caracteristicas dos modos de transmissao-aquisicao no contexto da “Oficina permanente - Garibaldis e Sacis – modulo 1 – manifestacoes e festas populares”. A metodologia utilizada foi a etnografia e a observacao-participante. Observou-se que o brincar e a dinâmica da transmissao musical, enquanto que a imitacao e a experimentacao sao os principais meios no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Esta vivencia enriqueceu a minha pratica como professora de musica na educacao infantil e series iniciais no ensino regular, pois atraves de um novo olhar pude ampliar a compreensao sobre a relacao professor-aluno e a postura do professor em sala de aula. Considero que a aula de musica no ensino regular pode se basear nao so em conteudos, mas nos modos-de-fazer existentes ...
Estudio descriptivo interpretativo sobre 50 casos realizados en el servicio de Salud Mental del H... more Estudio descriptivo interpretativo sobre 50 casos realizados en el servicio de Salud Mental del Hospital Central de San Isidro. El objetivo general es establecer la eficacia de los tratamientos conducidos desde la perspectiva del psicoanalisis de orientacion lacaniana, acotado a los plazos institucionales hospitalarios de 16 sesiones. Como metodo el terapeuta completo el informe evaluativo CGI (Impresion Clinica Global) en la primera y ultima entrevista, realizo una descripcion de los sintomas desde la semiologia psiquiatrica, y desarrollo una hipotesis del diagnostico desde el punto de vista estructural y desde el DSM-IV. A lo largo del tratamiento, entrevista por entrevista, el terapeuta fue registrando las interpretaciones, la evolucion del motivo de consulta, las cuestiones relativas a las figuras transferenciales, puntualizaciones sobre los sintomas y las observaciones pertinentes. Por ultimo, un agente externo al tratamiento, mantuvo una entrevista semidirigida con el paciente...
A partir de um olhar direcionado ao Jornal da Record News, esta pesquisa procura compreender os u... more A partir de um olhar direcionado ao Jornal da Record News, esta pesquisa procura compreender os usos e apropriações da transmídia e das redes sociais digitais enquanto aspectos de inovação nos modos de fazer telejornalismo. O 1 Doutora em Ciências: Desenv. Socioambiental (Naea/UFPA), mestre em Comunicação Social (Umesp) e graduada em Jornalismo (UFPA). Docente do Programa de Pós-Graduação 'Comunicação, Cultura e Amazônia' (PPGCom) e da Faculdade de Comunicação (Facom) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). Integra o GP Interações e Tecnologias na Amazônia e a Rede JorTec.
RESUMO Metástases de carcinoma mamário podem ocorrer em vários tecidos, porém são incomuns no sis... more RESUMO Metástases de carcinoma mamário podem ocorrer em vários tecidos, porém são incomuns no sistema neural. Objetivou-se relatar um caso de neoplasia mamária primária com metástase no cérebro, cerebelo, pulmão e linfonodo. O animal em questão era uma cadela da raça Shih-Tzu de sete anos de idade, com histórico de neoplasia mamária com recidiva após exérese cirúrgica. O diagnóstico da neoplasia mamária foi carcinoma tubular com êmbolos neoplásicos em vasos linfáticos e metástase em linfonodo. Após a exérese cirúrgica a cadela retornou para atendimento apresentando sintomatologia compatível com síndrome vestibular. Foi realizada a eutanásia e durante a necropsia observou-se massa no lobo caudal do pulmão direito, assim como aderência da dura-máter no osso temporal e occipital, na região do hemisfério cerebral direito e cerebelo, respectivamente. Após retirada do encéfalo e cerebelo verificou-se presença de duas massas localizadas no encéfalo e cerebelo, respectivamente. A massa localizada no encéfalo direito adentrava a substância branca, apresentava coloração pardacenta, bordas ligeiramente irregulares, medindo aproximadamente 2,5 cm de diâmetro, em contrapartida, a massa no cerebelo era elevada, brancacenta, de formato irregular, medindo aproximadamente 2,0 cm de diâmetro. Microscopicamente havia áreas multifocais, circunscritas, de proliferação de células epiteliais, formando ácinos, compatíveis com metástase de carcinoma mamário. As metástases pulmonares de carcinoma mamário são comuns, porém infrequentes no sistema neural. No caso em questão os sinais neurológicos apresentados pelo animal foram ocasionados pela metástase de carcinoma mamário reforçando a necessidade de diagnóstico precoce e acompanhamento de cadelas portadoras de tumores de mama, mesmo após a exérese cirúrgica. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: canino, disseminação, neoplasia mamária.
Resumen El presente trabajo pretende problematizar, a partir de experiencias de enseñanza y apren... more Resumen El presente trabajo pretende problematizar, a partir de experiencias de enseñanza y aprendizaje del español en inmersión, el papel de la literatura en la clase de español como segunda lengua. La literatura abre un abanico cultural sumamente interesante para los alumnos; sin embargo su función como herramienta de aprendizaje de la lengua propiamente dicha dista mucho del imaginario con que los profesores inexpertos suelen abordar sus clases. A partir de una serie de casos, pretendemos analizar cuál es el aporte (si es que lo hay) de la literatura en el aprendizaje concreto del español. Nuestro análisis estará organizado de la siguiente manera: en primera instancia, intentaremos abordar la compleja definición de literatura en relación a culturas diferentes y dentro de la clase (con alumnos lectores no necesariamente expertos). En segundo lugar presentaremos los estudios de caso propiamente dichos, para finalizar con una reflexión que blanquee la función de la literatura en las prácticas docentes de la enseñanza del español.
Introducción: en la última década se ha informado a nivel mundial la emergencia de infecciones ca... more Introducción: en la última década se ha informado a nivel mundial la emergencia de infecciones causadas por cepas de Staphylococcus aureus meticilino-resistente (SAMR) sin los factores de riesgo clásicos descritos para portar este germen, con un patrón de susceptibilidad diferente a los antibióticos y adquirido en la comunidad. En nuestro país las primeras comunicaciones de infecciones producidas por este germen fueron en el año 2001 en niños con infecciones de piel y partes blandas internados en el Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (CHPR). Objetivo: 1) Analizar las características clínicas y la etiología de las infecciones de piel y partes blandas en pacientes ambulatorios. 2) Determinar en estas infecciones la prevalencia de Staphylococcus aureus meticilino-resistente adquirido en la comunidad (SAMR-com) y su sensibilidad a los antibióticos. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, de pacientes que consultaron en el Departamento de Emergencia Pediátrica del CHPR por infecciones de piel y partes blandas adquiridas en la comunidad, en el período 24 de marzo de 2004 al 31 de julio de 2004, tratados en forma ambulatoria y en los que se aisló una bacteria de las muestras obtenidas para estudio bacteriológico. Se incluyeron pacientes con impétigo, forúnculo, absceso, celulitis a punto de partida cutáneo, panadizo y herida o quemadura sobreinfectada. Se analizaron datos demográficos, factores de riesgo para portar SAMR, características clínicas de los pacientes y análisis bacteriológico de los resultados de las muestras obtenidas de acuerdo al informe realizado por el Laboratorio Central del CHPR, sección Bacteriología.
Subaortic septal myectomy may be performed in different clinical scenarios Different myocardial... more Subaortic septal myectomy may be performed in different clinical scenarios Different myocardial hypertrophy etiologies may share similar pathological expression Septal myectomy histology is indistinctive among different clinical entities
BackgroundCognition heavily relies on social determinants and genetic background. Latin America c... more BackgroundCognition heavily relies on social determinants and genetic background. Latin America comprises approximately 8% of the global population and faces unique challenges, many derived from specific demographic and socioeconomic variables, such as violence and inequality. While such factors have been described to influence mental health outcomes, no large-scale studies with Latin American population have been carried out. Therefore, we aim to describe the cognitive performance of a representative sample of Latin American individuals with schizophrenia and its relationship to clinical factors. Additionally, we aim to investigate how socioeconomic status (SES) relates to cognitive performance in patients and controls.MethodsWe included 1175 participants from five Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico): 864 individuals with schizophrenia and 311 unaffected subjects. All participants were part of projects that included cognitive evaluation with MA...
Because naturalized and invasive plant species have disproportionately smaller genome sizes compa... more Because naturalized and invasive plant species have disproportionately smaller genome sizes compared to all angiosperms, genome size has been proposed as a general predictor of invasiveness. The family Cactaceae includes some of the most important invasive species worldwide, and it is one of the plant families with lowest number of genome size estimations. The main goal of this study was to explore possible correlations between genome size and invasiveness in Cactaceae, and between genome size and seed size and weight, traits previously linked with invasiveness. Propidium iodide flow cytometry was used to estimate the genome size from seeds (mostly) of 256 taxa of Cactaceae (32 of which are known to be invasive, and 13 are considered potentially invasive), and seed size, weight and mass were measured or obtained from previous work. Contrary to expectation, no significant differences were observed in genome size among categories of invasion, suggesting that genome size alone is not a reliable predictor of invasiveness in Cactaceae. Also, no correlations were observed between genome size and the studied seed traits when the whole dataset was considered. At a finer scale, in Opuntioideae, positive significant correlations were observed between genome size and the seed traits studied, and in Cacteae, the opposite trend was observed. Since Cactaceae species possess low rates of metabolism, selection towards traits linked with genome size may not have been favoured irrespective of the invasive strategy. The large number of genome size estimates reported in this study offers great opportunities for studying the evolution of genome size in this family and for exploring possible correlations between genome size and geographical, environmental and phenotypic traits.
Premise of research. Interspecific hybridization was hypothesized to explain the remarkable flora... more Premise of research. Interspecific hybridization was hypothesized to explain the remarkable floral phenotype variation found in overlapping areas of distribution for several Anacyclus species. We aimed to investigate genome size in natural populations of three diploid Anacyclus species with special emphasis in their contact areas to explore patterns of variation as additional evidence supporting current hybridization in these areas. Methodology. Flow cytometry was used to estimate the genome size of 564 individuals of the species complex of A. clavatus, A. homogamos, and A. valentinus from 30 sites. Additionally, genome size variation of 173 first-generation synthetic hybrids between these three species was also studied and compared with the estimates obtained in sympatric sites. Pivotal results. Differences in genome size between A. clavatus and A. valentinus were significant in nonoverlapping areas of species distribution, whereas in overlapping areas, the variation increased, preventing a clear differentiation between species. In sympatric sites of A. clavatus and A. valentinus, individuals with intermediate genome sizes between them were also observed and were significantly similar to those obtained from the first-generation experimental hybrids between these species. Genome sizes of A. clavatus and A. homogamos did not differ enough to allow discrimination between these species. Conclusions. The patterns of genome size variation observed in sympatric populations of A. clavatus and A. valentinus support the occurrence of current gene flow between these species and the existence of contact areas in overlapping distribution areas where phenotypic and genomic variation increases.
Introduction: The CAD-RADS TM classification was recently introduced in an attempt to standardize... more Introduction: The CAD-RADS TM classification was recently introduced in an attempt to standardize coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) reports and to provide recommendations for further management. The aim of this study was to assess how additional cardiac investigations were being ordered before the introduction of the CAD-RADS classification in a tertiary hospital's CCTA reports. Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective analysis of 200 patients (103 women, mean age 59±13 years) who underwent CCTA for suspected or known coronary artery disease prior to the systematic introduction of the CAD-RADS classification in the reports. For each case, we assessed whether further cardiac investigation was requested after CCTA and what type of test was performed (functional testing, invasive coronary angiography or viability testing). Results: The majority of patients (n=158; 79%) were classified as CAD-RADS 0-2. In patients with lower (0-2) or higher (4 or 5) scores, further testing was in accordance with CAD-RADS recommendations in 98% of cases (n=168). In patients with CAD-RADS 3 (intermediate stenosis), functional testing was requested as recommended in only 36% of cases (n=5), while 50% (n=7) proceeded directly to invasive coronary angiography. In patients in whom CCTA was non-diagnostic, most did not undergo further cardiac investigation. Conclusion: In patients with CAD-RADS classifications at the ends of the spectrum, additional cardiac investigation after CCTA was almost always in accordance with the recommendations. However, in patients with intermediate scores, invasive coronary angiography prevailed over functional testing.
Polyploidization has been traditionally considered a phenomenon that mediates ecological differen... more Polyploidization has been traditionally considered a phenomenon that mediates ecological differentiation; however, the adaptive value of genome duplications has been seldom explored. Natural or synthetic polyploids offer unique opportunities to experimentally quantify the immediate consequences of genome duplications in plant traits that may be involved with ecological differentiation. Jasione maritima is a diploid-tetraploid complex with cytotypes distributed allopatrically in an environmental gradient ideal for exploring the role of genome duplications in the success of polyploid lineages. However, like in numerous other polyploid complexes, neotetraploids of J. maritima have not been found in nature. In this study we developed a methodology to obtain synthetic tetraploids from seeds collected in wild diploid plants of J. maritima. We tested the effect of different colchicine concentrations and seedling ages in survival and polyploidization success of J. maritima seedlings, using flow cytometry to assess ploidy level and considering the population of origin. A methodology to synchronize seed germination was also explored. Synchronization of seed germination was best achieved using a cold treatment of 2 weeks before the transference to a growth chamber. An overall survival rate of 11.5 ± 0.7 % and further tetraploid conversion of 35.6 ± 2.9 % was obtained using 3-day-old seedlings of J. maritima. Survival rates were variable depending on colchicine treatment (the highest the most lethal) and seedling origin (i.e. population), while conversion rate was similar across these factors and high rates of tetraploid conversion were obtained. Considering that the main constraint was survival to the colchicine treatment, we suggest the use of the lowest colchicine concentration tested, i.e. 0.1 % colchicine. The use of older seedlings increased survival rates but, in many cases, compromised a complete tetraploid conversion, generating many diploid-tetraploid mixoploid plants.
Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, 2018
If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination... more If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination, volume/issue, and date of publication details. And where the final published version is provided on the Research Portal, if citing you are again advised to check the publisher's website for any subsequent corrections.
Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, Feb 21, 2017
A reliable taxonomic framework and the identification of evolutionary lineages are essential for ... more A reliable taxonomic framework and the identification of evolutionary lineages are essential for effective decisions in conservation biodiversity programs. However, phylogenetic reconstruction becomes extremely difficult when polyploidy and hybridization are involved. Veronica subsection Pentasepalae is a diploid-polyploid complex of ca. 20 species with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 10x. Here, DNA-ploidy level estimations and AFLP fingerprinting were used to determine the evolutionary history, and species boundaries were reviewed in an integrated approach including also previous data (mainly morphology and sequence-based phylogenetic reconstructions). Molecular analyses were performed for 243 individuals from 95 populations, including for the first time all taxa currently recognized within the subsection. Phylogenetic reconstruction identified four main groups corresponding almost completely to the four clusters identified by genetic structure analyses. Multiple autopolyploidizat...
En el contexto del narcotrafico como proceso globalizador, es que los habitantes de Putumayo pasa... more En el contexto del narcotrafico como proceso globalizador, es que los habitantes de Putumayo pasan de los cultivos tradicionales de consumo regional al cultivo de la mata de coca para consumo mundial, lo cual hace ofertar mayor cantidad de empleos con una paga segura pero a destajo. La oferta de esta nueva forma de trabajo en conjuncion con la pobreza del resto de la poblacion de Colombia, implico procesos migratorios de otros departamentos a Putumayo y la vinculacion de ninos y jovenes a la dinamica global de mercados. Desde la memoria de hombres y mujeres adultos de entre 28 y 52 anos de edad, explicamos como fue su experiencia de migracion y trabajo en la zona de Putumayo, Colombia.
Este e um relato de estudo realizado como avaliacao para uma disciplina de graduacao em licenciat... more Este e um relato de estudo realizado como avaliacao para uma disciplina de graduacao em licenciatura em musica. O objetivo do trabalho foi o de contribuir para o entendimento dos processos de transmissao das praticas musicais e as caracteristicas dos modos de transmissao-aquisicao no contexto da “Oficina permanente - Garibaldis e Sacis – modulo 1 – manifestacoes e festas populares”. A metodologia utilizada foi a etnografia e a observacao-participante. Observou-se que o brincar e a dinâmica da transmissao musical, enquanto que a imitacao e a experimentacao sao os principais meios no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Esta vivencia enriqueceu a minha pratica como professora de musica na educacao infantil e series iniciais no ensino regular, pois atraves de um novo olhar pude ampliar a compreensao sobre a relacao professor-aluno e a postura do professor em sala de aula. Considero que a aula de musica no ensino regular pode se basear nao so em conteudos, mas nos modos-de-fazer existentes ...
Estudio descriptivo interpretativo sobre 50 casos realizados en el servicio de Salud Mental del H... more Estudio descriptivo interpretativo sobre 50 casos realizados en el servicio de Salud Mental del Hospital Central de San Isidro. El objetivo general es establecer la eficacia de los tratamientos conducidos desde la perspectiva del psicoanalisis de orientacion lacaniana, acotado a los plazos institucionales hospitalarios de 16 sesiones. Como metodo el terapeuta completo el informe evaluativo CGI (Impresion Clinica Global) en la primera y ultima entrevista, realizo una descripcion de los sintomas desde la semiologia psiquiatrica, y desarrollo una hipotesis del diagnostico desde el punto de vista estructural y desde el DSM-IV. A lo largo del tratamiento, entrevista por entrevista, el terapeuta fue registrando las interpretaciones, la evolucion del motivo de consulta, las cuestiones relativas a las figuras transferenciales, puntualizaciones sobre los sintomas y las observaciones pertinentes. Por ultimo, un agente externo al tratamiento, mantuvo una entrevista semidirigida con el paciente...
A partir de um olhar direcionado ao Jornal da Record News, esta pesquisa procura compreender os u... more A partir de um olhar direcionado ao Jornal da Record News, esta pesquisa procura compreender os usos e apropriações da transmídia e das redes sociais digitais enquanto aspectos de inovação nos modos de fazer telejornalismo. O 1 Doutora em Ciências: Desenv. Socioambiental (Naea/UFPA), mestre em Comunicação Social (Umesp) e graduada em Jornalismo (UFPA). Docente do Programa de Pós-Graduação 'Comunicação, Cultura e Amazônia' (PPGCom) e da Faculdade de Comunicação (Facom) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). Integra o GP Interações e Tecnologias na Amazônia e a Rede JorTec.
RESUMO Metástases de carcinoma mamário podem ocorrer em vários tecidos, porém são incomuns no sis... more RESUMO Metástases de carcinoma mamário podem ocorrer em vários tecidos, porém são incomuns no sistema neural. Objetivou-se relatar um caso de neoplasia mamária primária com metástase no cérebro, cerebelo, pulmão e linfonodo. O animal em questão era uma cadela da raça Shih-Tzu de sete anos de idade, com histórico de neoplasia mamária com recidiva após exérese cirúrgica. O diagnóstico da neoplasia mamária foi carcinoma tubular com êmbolos neoplásicos em vasos linfáticos e metástase em linfonodo. Após a exérese cirúrgica a cadela retornou para atendimento apresentando sintomatologia compatível com síndrome vestibular. Foi realizada a eutanásia e durante a necropsia observou-se massa no lobo caudal do pulmão direito, assim como aderência da dura-máter no osso temporal e occipital, na região do hemisfério cerebral direito e cerebelo, respectivamente. Após retirada do encéfalo e cerebelo verificou-se presença de duas massas localizadas no encéfalo e cerebelo, respectivamente. A massa localizada no encéfalo direito adentrava a substância branca, apresentava coloração pardacenta, bordas ligeiramente irregulares, medindo aproximadamente 2,5 cm de diâmetro, em contrapartida, a massa no cerebelo era elevada, brancacenta, de formato irregular, medindo aproximadamente 2,0 cm de diâmetro. Microscopicamente havia áreas multifocais, circunscritas, de proliferação de células epiteliais, formando ácinos, compatíveis com metástase de carcinoma mamário. As metástases pulmonares de carcinoma mamário são comuns, porém infrequentes no sistema neural. No caso em questão os sinais neurológicos apresentados pelo animal foram ocasionados pela metástase de carcinoma mamário reforçando a necessidade de diagnóstico precoce e acompanhamento de cadelas portadoras de tumores de mama, mesmo após a exérese cirúrgica. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: canino, disseminação, neoplasia mamária.
Resumen El presente trabajo pretende problematizar, a partir de experiencias de enseñanza y apren... more Resumen El presente trabajo pretende problematizar, a partir de experiencias de enseñanza y aprendizaje del español en inmersión, el papel de la literatura en la clase de español como segunda lengua. La literatura abre un abanico cultural sumamente interesante para los alumnos; sin embargo su función como herramienta de aprendizaje de la lengua propiamente dicha dista mucho del imaginario con que los profesores inexpertos suelen abordar sus clases. A partir de una serie de casos, pretendemos analizar cuál es el aporte (si es que lo hay) de la literatura en el aprendizaje concreto del español. Nuestro análisis estará organizado de la siguiente manera: en primera instancia, intentaremos abordar la compleja definición de literatura en relación a culturas diferentes y dentro de la clase (con alumnos lectores no necesariamente expertos). En segundo lugar presentaremos los estudios de caso propiamente dichos, para finalizar con una reflexión que blanquee la función de la literatura en las prácticas docentes de la enseñanza del español.
Introducción: en la última década se ha informado a nivel mundial la emergencia de infecciones ca... more Introducción: en la última década se ha informado a nivel mundial la emergencia de infecciones causadas por cepas de Staphylococcus aureus meticilino-resistente (SAMR) sin los factores de riesgo clásicos descritos para portar este germen, con un patrón de susceptibilidad diferente a los antibióticos y adquirido en la comunidad. En nuestro país las primeras comunicaciones de infecciones producidas por este germen fueron en el año 2001 en niños con infecciones de piel y partes blandas internados en el Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (CHPR). Objetivo: 1) Analizar las características clínicas y la etiología de las infecciones de piel y partes blandas en pacientes ambulatorios. 2) Determinar en estas infecciones la prevalencia de Staphylococcus aureus meticilino-resistente adquirido en la comunidad (SAMR-com) y su sensibilidad a los antibióticos. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, de pacientes que consultaron en el Departamento de Emergencia Pediátrica del CHPR por infecciones de piel y partes blandas adquiridas en la comunidad, en el período 24 de marzo de 2004 al 31 de julio de 2004, tratados en forma ambulatoria y en los que se aisló una bacteria de las muestras obtenidas para estudio bacteriológico. Se incluyeron pacientes con impétigo, forúnculo, absceso, celulitis a punto de partida cutáneo, panadizo y herida o quemadura sobreinfectada. Se analizaron datos demográficos, factores de riesgo para portar SAMR, características clínicas de los pacientes y análisis bacteriológico de los resultados de las muestras obtenidas de acuerdo al informe realizado por el Laboratorio Central del CHPR, sección Bacteriología.
Subaortic septal myectomy may be performed in different clinical scenarios Different myocardial... more Subaortic septal myectomy may be performed in different clinical scenarios Different myocardial hypertrophy etiologies may share similar pathological expression Septal myectomy histology is indistinctive among different clinical entities
BackgroundCognition heavily relies on social determinants and genetic background. Latin America c... more BackgroundCognition heavily relies on social determinants and genetic background. Latin America comprises approximately 8% of the global population and faces unique challenges, many derived from specific demographic and socioeconomic variables, such as violence and inequality. While such factors have been described to influence mental health outcomes, no large-scale studies with Latin American population have been carried out. Therefore, we aim to describe the cognitive performance of a representative sample of Latin American individuals with schizophrenia and its relationship to clinical factors. Additionally, we aim to investigate how socioeconomic status (SES) relates to cognitive performance in patients and controls.MethodsWe included 1175 participants from five Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico): 864 individuals with schizophrenia and 311 unaffected subjects. All participants were part of projects that included cognitive evaluation with MA...
Because naturalized and invasive plant species have disproportionately smaller genome sizes compa... more Because naturalized and invasive plant species have disproportionately smaller genome sizes compared to all angiosperms, genome size has been proposed as a general predictor of invasiveness. The family Cactaceae includes some of the most important invasive species worldwide, and it is one of the plant families with lowest number of genome size estimations. The main goal of this study was to explore possible correlations between genome size and invasiveness in Cactaceae, and between genome size and seed size and weight, traits previously linked with invasiveness. Propidium iodide flow cytometry was used to estimate the genome size from seeds (mostly) of 256 taxa of Cactaceae (32 of which are known to be invasive, and 13 are considered potentially invasive), and seed size, weight and mass were measured or obtained from previous work. Contrary to expectation, no significant differences were observed in genome size among categories of invasion, suggesting that genome size alone is not a reliable predictor of invasiveness in Cactaceae. Also, no correlations were observed between genome size and the studied seed traits when the whole dataset was considered. At a finer scale, in Opuntioideae, positive significant correlations were observed between genome size and the seed traits studied, and in Cacteae, the opposite trend was observed. Since Cactaceae species possess low rates of metabolism, selection towards traits linked with genome size may not have been favoured irrespective of the invasive strategy. The large number of genome size estimates reported in this study offers great opportunities for studying the evolution of genome size in this family and for exploring possible correlations between genome size and geographical, environmental and phenotypic traits.
Premise of research. Interspecific hybridization was hypothesized to explain the remarkable flora... more Premise of research. Interspecific hybridization was hypothesized to explain the remarkable floral phenotype variation found in overlapping areas of distribution for several Anacyclus species. We aimed to investigate genome size in natural populations of three diploid Anacyclus species with special emphasis in their contact areas to explore patterns of variation as additional evidence supporting current hybridization in these areas. Methodology. Flow cytometry was used to estimate the genome size of 564 individuals of the species complex of A. clavatus, A. homogamos, and A. valentinus from 30 sites. Additionally, genome size variation of 173 first-generation synthetic hybrids between these three species was also studied and compared with the estimates obtained in sympatric sites. Pivotal results. Differences in genome size between A. clavatus and A. valentinus were significant in nonoverlapping areas of species distribution, whereas in overlapping areas, the variation increased, preventing a clear differentiation between species. In sympatric sites of A. clavatus and A. valentinus, individuals with intermediate genome sizes between them were also observed and were significantly similar to those obtained from the first-generation experimental hybrids between these species. Genome sizes of A. clavatus and A. homogamos did not differ enough to allow discrimination between these species. Conclusions. The patterns of genome size variation observed in sympatric populations of A. clavatus and A. valentinus support the occurrence of current gene flow between these species and the existence of contact areas in overlapping distribution areas where phenotypic and genomic variation increases.
Introduction: The CAD-RADS TM classification was recently introduced in an attempt to standardize... more Introduction: The CAD-RADS TM classification was recently introduced in an attempt to standardize coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) reports and to provide recommendations for further management. The aim of this study was to assess how additional cardiac investigations were being ordered before the introduction of the CAD-RADS classification in a tertiary hospital's CCTA reports. Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective analysis of 200 patients (103 women, mean age 59±13 years) who underwent CCTA for suspected or known coronary artery disease prior to the systematic introduction of the CAD-RADS classification in the reports. For each case, we assessed whether further cardiac investigation was requested after CCTA and what type of test was performed (functional testing, invasive coronary angiography or viability testing). Results: The majority of patients (n=158; 79%) were classified as CAD-RADS 0-2. In patients with lower (0-2) or higher (4 or 5) scores, further testing was in accordance with CAD-RADS recommendations in 98% of cases (n=168). In patients with CAD-RADS 3 (intermediate stenosis), functional testing was requested as recommended in only 36% of cases (n=5), while 50% (n=7) proceeded directly to invasive coronary angiography. In patients in whom CCTA was non-diagnostic, most did not undergo further cardiac investigation. Conclusion: In patients with CAD-RADS classifications at the ends of the spectrum, additional cardiac investigation after CCTA was almost always in accordance with the recommendations. However, in patients with intermediate scores, invasive coronary angiography prevailed over functional testing.
Polyploidization has been traditionally considered a phenomenon that mediates ecological differen... more Polyploidization has been traditionally considered a phenomenon that mediates ecological differentiation; however, the adaptive value of genome duplications has been seldom explored. Natural or synthetic polyploids offer unique opportunities to experimentally quantify the immediate consequences of genome duplications in plant traits that may be involved with ecological differentiation. Jasione maritima is a diploid-tetraploid complex with cytotypes distributed allopatrically in an environmental gradient ideal for exploring the role of genome duplications in the success of polyploid lineages. However, like in numerous other polyploid complexes, neotetraploids of J. maritima have not been found in nature. In this study we developed a methodology to obtain synthetic tetraploids from seeds collected in wild diploid plants of J. maritima. We tested the effect of different colchicine concentrations and seedling ages in survival and polyploidization success of J. maritima seedlings, using flow cytometry to assess ploidy level and considering the population of origin. A methodology to synchronize seed germination was also explored. Synchronization of seed germination was best achieved using a cold treatment of 2 weeks before the transference to a growth chamber. An overall survival rate of 11.5 ± 0.7 % and further tetraploid conversion of 35.6 ± 2.9 % was obtained using 3-day-old seedlings of J. maritima. Survival rates were variable depending on colchicine treatment (the highest the most lethal) and seedling origin (i.e. population), while conversion rate was similar across these factors and high rates of tetraploid conversion were obtained. Considering that the main constraint was survival to the colchicine treatment, we suggest the use of the lowest colchicine concentration tested, i.e. 0.1 % colchicine. The use of older seedlings increased survival rates but, in many cases, compromised a complete tetraploid conversion, generating many diploid-tetraploid mixoploid plants.
Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, 2018
If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination... more If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination, volume/issue, and date of publication details. And where the final published version is provided on the Research Portal, if citing you are again advised to check the publisher's website for any subsequent corrections.
Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, Feb 21, 2017
A reliable taxonomic framework and the identification of evolutionary lineages are essential for ... more A reliable taxonomic framework and the identification of evolutionary lineages are essential for effective decisions in conservation biodiversity programs. However, phylogenetic reconstruction becomes extremely difficult when polyploidy and hybridization are involved. Veronica subsection Pentasepalae is a diploid-polyploid complex of ca. 20 species with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 10x. Here, DNA-ploidy level estimations and AFLP fingerprinting were used to determine the evolutionary history, and species boundaries were reviewed in an integrated approach including also previous data (mainly morphology and sequence-based phylogenetic reconstructions). Molecular analyses were performed for 243 individuals from 95 populations, including for the first time all taxa currently recognized within the subsection. Phylogenetic reconstruction identified four main groups corresponding almost completely to the four clusters identified by genetic structure analyses. Multiple autopolyploidizat...
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