This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which... more This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which... more This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Capture and long-distance translocation of cleaner fish to control lice infestations on marine sa... more Capture and long-distance translocation of cleaner fish to control lice infestations on marine salmonid farms has the potential to influence wild populations via overexploitation in source regions, and introgression in recipient regions. Knowledge of population genetic structure is therefore required. We studied the genetics of ballan wrasse, a phenotypically diverse and extensively used cleaner fish, from 18 locations in Norway and Sweden, and from Galicia, Spain. We detected two very distinct genetic groups in Scandinavia, northwest and southeast. These groups were split by a stretch of sandy beaches in southwest Norway, representing a habitat discontinuity for this rocky shore associated benthic egg laying species. The Galician sample was highly differentiated from all Scandinavian samples, but overall closer to northwestern samples. . Distinct genetic differences were observed between sympatric spotty and plain phenotypes in Galicia, but not in Scandinavia. The mechanisms underl...
Genepop formatted file containing genotypes from the 1000 putatively neutral SNPs for 136 individ... more Genepop formatted file containing genotypes from the 1000 putatively neutral SNPs for 136 individuals. SNP names are ddRAD fragment_SNP position. Data are organized in the five regions, each comprising individuals from 3 populations, as given in Table S1 of the publication. Populations have been renamed for the publications (A=L1 in the publication, L=L2, M=L3, R=S1, S=S2, T=S3, C=U1, O=U2, V=U3, H=V1, N=V2, U=V3, B=N1, E=N2, G=N3), individuals are named by population_family-tadpole, i.e. M3-2 is the second tadpole of family 3 of population M
Ectotherm development rates often show adaptive divergence along climatic gradients, but the gene... more Ectotherm development rates often show adaptive divergence along climatic gradients, but the genetic basis for this variation is rarely studied. Here, we investigated the genetic basis for phenotypic variation in larval development in the moor frog Rana arvalis from five regions along a latitudinal gradient from Germany to northern Sweden. We focused on the C/EBP-1 gene, a transcription factor associated with larval development time. Allele frequencies at C/EBP-1 varied strongly among geographic regions. Overall, the distribution of alleles along the gradient was in concordance with the dual postglacial colonization routes into Scandinavia, with a large number of alleles exclusively present along the southern colonization route. Only three of 38 alleles were shared between the routes. Analysis of contemporary selection on C/EBP-1 showed divergent selection among the regions, likely reflecting adaptation to the local environmental conditions, although this was especially strong between southern and northern regions coinciding also with lineages from different colonization routes. Overall, the C/EBP-1 gene has historically been under purifying selection, however, two specific amino acid positions showed significant signals of positive selection. These positions showed divergence between southern and northern regions, and we suggest that they are functionally involved in the climatic adaptation of larval development. Using phenotypic data from a common garden experiment, we found evidence for specific C/EBP-1 alleles being correlated with larval development time, suggesting a functional role in adaptation of larval development to large-scale climatic variation
His research fields are diseases of marine organisms, mainly bivalves, disease transmission and r... more His research fields are diseases of marine organisms, mainly bivalves, disease transmission and research on oysters. He has been leading several projects funded by The Nordic Council of Ministers. Project leader and main editor of the report.
Blue ling is a deep-water species that has been severely fished upon in to coastal and offshore f... more Blue ling is a deep-water species that has been severely fished upon in to coastal and offshore fisheries since the early seventies, thus causing the collapse of the populations in the last two decades. Genetic information is scarce in this species, and molecular markers are therefore needed to provide advice both for management and for rebuilding the stocks. A suite of 103 SNP markers was identified from ddRADsequencing data. From those, 81 were organized in three multiplex reactions, and tested on 150 individuals from three different sampling locations. Good-quality amplification products were successfully obtained from 70 of the markers. All SNP loci were biallelic, with averaged He per locus ranging between 0.101 and 0.500.
The aim of this work is to identify and characterize microtextural signatures in silica glass gra... more The aim of this work is to identify and characterize microtextural signatures in silica glass grains (used as analogous to quartz) that are produced during aqueous transport at different flow velocities, with variable sediment concentrations, transport distances, and time intervals. To achieve this, an open-channel flow experiment was conducted with a mixture of sand and silica glass microspheres in varying conditions-velocity (from 0.67 to 1.4 m/s), duration (1 or 10 minutes), distance (0 to 2.5 m) and sediment concentration (60 or 80%). Experimental conditions were used to replicate natural phenomena such as river superficial velocity or coastal swash processes. Before the experiment the microsphere surfaces were imaged and clear of any microtextural imprint. Increasing velocity, distance, and sediment concentration exhibited a strong correlation with higher numbers of surfaces abundantly covered with microtextures of mechanical origin (i.e., craters, abrasion marks, and v-shaped percussion marks). SEM microphotographs of silica were analyzed and classified to provide examples of the specific microtextures produced during the open-channel flow experiment. The purpose of the experiment was to characterize surface microscopic signatures in quartz grains replicating hydrodynamic conditions of coastal and fluvial environments. The results demonstrated a strong correlation between higher velocities (and higher sediment concentrations) and a larger presence of microtextural mechanical imprints in the grains analyzed, thus demonstrating a clear relation between microtextural imprints and water flow modes. These results have important implications for future microtextural works analyzing grain imprints and their relation to sediment transport types. An example demonstrated here is that the higher presence of v-marks could be used as an indicator of supercritical flow conditions.
The salmon industry is heavily dependent on wrasse for delousing infected fish. The goldsinny wra... more The salmon industry is heavily dependent on wrasse for delousing infected fish. The goldsinny wrasse is numerically the most important, and each year, millions are harvested from the wild and transported large distances into fish farms. Population genetic knowledge is required to sustainably exploit this species. Here, 1051 goldsinny wrasses from 16 locations across Scandinavia, the British Isles, and Spain were genotyped with 14 microsatellite and 36 SNP markers. Within-population genetic diversity decreased towards north, and a genetic break was observed across the North Sea. Samples from Northern Norway differed from rest of the Scandinavian samples, and samples from the British Isles differed from the Spanish ones. Within Scandinavia, isolation-by-distance was detected. Observed genetic patterns fitted well with expectations derived from oceanographic drift simulations. A sample from mid-Norway deviated from these patterns however, and was genetically very similar to southern Scandinavian samples. We conclude that the population structure of this species is primarily determined by the opposing evolutionary forces of passive drift, limited adult migration and spawning-site fidelity, whereas the deviation in isolation-by-distance observed in mid-Norway is potentially caused by inadvertent translocations of wrasse from southern Scandinavia via current aquaculture practise. Inclusion of outlier loci gave greater resolution, suggesting that diversifying selection may also affect population structuring among goldsinny wrasses.
Wrasse (Labridae) species have been used as parasite cleaners in Atlantic salmon farming since th... more Wrasse (Labridae) species have been used as parasite cleaners in Atlantic salmon farming since the 1980s. However, their use has recently escalated, with millions now being introduced into salmon cages each year. Most fish are of wild origin, their exploitation potentially impacting native populations. Genetic information is urgently required to inform management decisions. We identified 174 microsatellite and 149 SNP markers from ddRAD sequence data. From these, 17 and 48 microsatellite and SNP markers respectively were validated by genotyping 150 goldsinny wrasse collected from five locations along the Norwegian and Swedish coasts. Two to 30 alleles were identified at the microsatellite loci, while gene diversity (He) ranged 0.101-0.907. All SNP loci were biallelic, with averaged He per locus ranging between 0.063 and 0.495.
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which... more This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which... more This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Capture and long-distance translocation of cleaner fish to control lice infestations on marine sa... more Capture and long-distance translocation of cleaner fish to control lice infestations on marine salmonid farms has the potential to influence wild populations via overexploitation in source regions, and introgression in recipient regions. Knowledge of population genetic structure is therefore required. We studied the genetics of ballan wrasse, a phenotypically diverse and extensively used cleaner fish, from 18 locations in Norway and Sweden, and from Galicia, Spain. We detected two very distinct genetic groups in Scandinavia, northwest and southeast. These groups were split by a stretch of sandy beaches in southwest Norway, representing a habitat discontinuity for this rocky shore associated benthic egg laying species. The Galician sample was highly differentiated from all Scandinavian samples, but overall closer to northwestern samples. . Distinct genetic differences were observed between sympatric spotty and plain phenotypes in Galicia, but not in Scandinavia. The mechanisms underl...
Genepop formatted file containing genotypes from the 1000 putatively neutral SNPs for 136 individ... more Genepop formatted file containing genotypes from the 1000 putatively neutral SNPs for 136 individuals. SNP names are ddRAD fragment_SNP position. Data are organized in the five regions, each comprising individuals from 3 populations, as given in Table S1 of the publication. Populations have been renamed for the publications (A=L1 in the publication, L=L2, M=L3, R=S1, S=S2, T=S3, C=U1, O=U2, V=U3, H=V1, N=V2, U=V3, B=N1, E=N2, G=N3), individuals are named by population_family-tadpole, i.e. M3-2 is the second tadpole of family 3 of population M
Ectotherm development rates often show adaptive divergence along climatic gradients, but the gene... more Ectotherm development rates often show adaptive divergence along climatic gradients, but the genetic basis for this variation is rarely studied. Here, we investigated the genetic basis for phenotypic variation in larval development in the moor frog Rana arvalis from five regions along a latitudinal gradient from Germany to northern Sweden. We focused on the C/EBP-1 gene, a transcription factor associated with larval development time. Allele frequencies at C/EBP-1 varied strongly among geographic regions. Overall, the distribution of alleles along the gradient was in concordance with the dual postglacial colonization routes into Scandinavia, with a large number of alleles exclusively present along the southern colonization route. Only three of 38 alleles were shared between the routes. Analysis of contemporary selection on C/EBP-1 showed divergent selection among the regions, likely reflecting adaptation to the local environmental conditions, although this was especially strong between southern and northern regions coinciding also with lineages from different colonization routes. Overall, the C/EBP-1 gene has historically been under purifying selection, however, two specific amino acid positions showed significant signals of positive selection. These positions showed divergence between southern and northern regions, and we suggest that they are functionally involved in the climatic adaptation of larval development. Using phenotypic data from a common garden experiment, we found evidence for specific C/EBP-1 alleles being correlated with larval development time, suggesting a functional role in adaptation of larval development to large-scale climatic variation
His research fields are diseases of marine organisms, mainly bivalves, disease transmission and r... more His research fields are diseases of marine organisms, mainly bivalves, disease transmission and research on oysters. He has been leading several projects funded by The Nordic Council of Ministers. Project leader and main editor of the report.
Blue ling is a deep-water species that has been severely fished upon in to coastal and offshore f... more Blue ling is a deep-water species that has been severely fished upon in to coastal and offshore fisheries since the early seventies, thus causing the collapse of the populations in the last two decades. Genetic information is scarce in this species, and molecular markers are therefore needed to provide advice both for management and for rebuilding the stocks. A suite of 103 SNP markers was identified from ddRADsequencing data. From those, 81 were organized in three multiplex reactions, and tested on 150 individuals from three different sampling locations. Good-quality amplification products were successfully obtained from 70 of the markers. All SNP loci were biallelic, with averaged He per locus ranging between 0.101 and 0.500.
The aim of this work is to identify and characterize microtextural signatures in silica glass gra... more The aim of this work is to identify and characterize microtextural signatures in silica glass grains (used as analogous to quartz) that are produced during aqueous transport at different flow velocities, with variable sediment concentrations, transport distances, and time intervals. To achieve this, an open-channel flow experiment was conducted with a mixture of sand and silica glass microspheres in varying conditions-velocity (from 0.67 to 1.4 m/s), duration (1 or 10 minutes), distance (0 to 2.5 m) and sediment concentration (60 or 80%). Experimental conditions were used to replicate natural phenomena such as river superficial velocity or coastal swash processes. Before the experiment the microsphere surfaces were imaged and clear of any microtextural imprint. Increasing velocity, distance, and sediment concentration exhibited a strong correlation with higher numbers of surfaces abundantly covered with microtextures of mechanical origin (i.e., craters, abrasion marks, and v-shaped percussion marks). SEM microphotographs of silica were analyzed and classified to provide examples of the specific microtextures produced during the open-channel flow experiment. The purpose of the experiment was to characterize surface microscopic signatures in quartz grains replicating hydrodynamic conditions of coastal and fluvial environments. The results demonstrated a strong correlation between higher velocities (and higher sediment concentrations) and a larger presence of microtextural mechanical imprints in the grains analyzed, thus demonstrating a clear relation between microtextural imprints and water flow modes. These results have important implications for future microtextural works analyzing grain imprints and their relation to sediment transport types. An example demonstrated here is that the higher presence of v-marks could be used as an indicator of supercritical flow conditions.
The salmon industry is heavily dependent on wrasse for delousing infected fish. The goldsinny wra... more The salmon industry is heavily dependent on wrasse for delousing infected fish. The goldsinny wrasse is numerically the most important, and each year, millions are harvested from the wild and transported large distances into fish farms. Population genetic knowledge is required to sustainably exploit this species. Here, 1051 goldsinny wrasses from 16 locations across Scandinavia, the British Isles, and Spain were genotyped with 14 microsatellite and 36 SNP markers. Within-population genetic diversity decreased towards north, and a genetic break was observed across the North Sea. Samples from Northern Norway differed from rest of the Scandinavian samples, and samples from the British Isles differed from the Spanish ones. Within Scandinavia, isolation-by-distance was detected. Observed genetic patterns fitted well with expectations derived from oceanographic drift simulations. A sample from mid-Norway deviated from these patterns however, and was genetically very similar to southern Scandinavian samples. We conclude that the population structure of this species is primarily determined by the opposing evolutionary forces of passive drift, limited adult migration and spawning-site fidelity, whereas the deviation in isolation-by-distance observed in mid-Norway is potentially caused by inadvertent translocations of wrasse from southern Scandinavia via current aquaculture practise. Inclusion of outlier loci gave greater resolution, suggesting that diversifying selection may also affect population structuring among goldsinny wrasses.
Wrasse (Labridae) species have been used as parasite cleaners in Atlantic salmon farming since th... more Wrasse (Labridae) species have been used as parasite cleaners in Atlantic salmon farming since the 1980s. However, their use has recently escalated, with millions now being introduced into salmon cages each year. Most fish are of wild origin, their exploitation potentially impacting native populations. Genetic information is urgently required to inform management decisions. We identified 174 microsatellite and 149 SNP markers from ddRAD sequence data. From these, 17 and 48 microsatellite and SNP markers respectively were validated by genotyping 150 goldsinny wrasse collected from five locations along the Norwegian and Swedish coasts. Two to 30 alleles were identified at the microsatellite loci, while gene diversity (He) ranged 0.101-0.907. All SNP loci were biallelic, with averaged He per locus ranging between 0.063 and 0.495.
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