Papers by Maria João Carapinha
EJNMMI physics, Apr 22, 2024
The renogram (RNG) enables the evaluation of morphology and function of the urinary system. 99mTc... more The renogram (RNG) enables the evaluation of morphology and function of the urinary system. 99mTc-MAG3 is the most widely used radiopharmaceutical for studies in pediatric settings. For calculation of the parameters of renal function (RF) some processing algorithms are used. Was studied the MAG3 Without Samples (MWS) and QuantEM Expert (QEE), the most applied in Portugal in nuclear medicine. Aim of the study: Evaluate the correlation of RF in RNG, with the processing algorithms MWS and QEE.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 2019
Introduction - In general, the procedures used in Nuclear Medicine (NM), involve a lower exposure... more Introduction - In general, the procedures used in Nuclear Medicine (NM), involve a lower exposure to ionizing radiation when compared to the exposure of background radiation, which is 2.4 mSv. The importance and diagnostical value of these procedures, when performed properly, outweigh the potential risk of radiation exposure. Recently, the use of these innovative imaging techniques has increased exponentially, so there is a particular interest in understanding how these exposures affect the pediatric age since children are more sensitive to them than adults. Methods - A descriptive study based on a systematic review of the literature through PubMed, 6 articles were included that respect, at least, one of the following criteria: pediatric exposure in NM, the effects of low doses of radiation and doses optimization. The keywords used in the PubMed: radiation exposure, paediatric nuclear medicine, risk. And the application of Boolean markers AND, OR, NOT. Results - The risk of the consequences due to radiation exposure is greater in younger individuals. The administered activity is a parameter of significant importance in the risk of radiation exposure in NM and communication can facilitate the understanding of this exposure and the associated risks. Conclusions - Exposure to radiation due to procedures used in NM doesn’t present an increasing risk to the normal occurrence of malignant diseases and its correct communication to the child and their family is important to ensure the safety of the patient and those who surround them during these procedures. Any activity is calculated according to the child's weight and height, taking into accounts the ALARA principle, in order to obtain a better diagnosis with the minimum required activity and consequent radiation exposure.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 2019
Introduction - The aim is to evaluate the internal exposure of the family members (FMs) of the pa... more Introduction - The aim is to evaluate the internal exposure of the family members (FMs) of the patients (PATs) undergoing iodine-131 (131I) thyroid cancer (TC) therapy and quantify the amount of 131I in the FMs, excreted through the urinary. Methods - An observational study with convenience sampling was performed, including 25 PATs and 34 FMs. The PATs, who underwent 131I treatments for TC, were discharged from hospital 48h after therapy. All FMs received instructions on radiation protection, based on Euratom recommendations use and submitted to a questionnaire. A urine sample was collected from every FMs about 70h after discharge of the PAT. Samples of urine were analyzed by gamma spectrometry and counted for 24h. All ethical principles of the investigation were respected. Results - The average activity of 131I given to the PATs (52.9% ♀) was 3266.4 ±1120.2MBq. When the PATs have discharged the average (ᾱ) effective dose rate measured at a 1-metre distance was 7.9±5.8μSv/hr (range 1-25μSv/hr). In the 34 FMs (52.9% ♂) with ᾱ of 48.1±18.6years, only in 3FMs 131I wasn’t detected in the urine. In the other 31 samples urines, the specific activities of 131I have ᾱ of 97.4Bq/L (range 0.0-1146Bq/L). The specific activity of 131I in urine: it is not the same among the classes of the administered activity (p=0.019); don’t is the same on the different classes of FMs ages (p=0.470) and the different degree of relationship (p=0.744). We observed a moderate correlation between the specific activity of 131I in the urine and the activity administered to the PATs (ρsp=0.540; p=0.001) and also between the effective dose rate in the PATs (ρsp=0.730; p<0.001). With a CI of 95%. Conclusions - The PATs are a radioactive source that can cause exposure of the FMs to ionizing radiation. The specific activity of 131I in the urines of the FMs is related to the activity administered to the PAT. It is clear that FMs of PATs submitted to radioiodine therapy can be subject to internal contamination.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Introduction - The aim is to quantify the personal dose equivalent HP(10) in the family members (... more Introduction - The aim is to quantify the personal dose equivalent HP(10) in the family members (FMs) of the patients (PATs) undergoing iodine-131 thyroid cancer (TC) therapy and benign thyroid diseases (BTD) and to compare the HP(10) values of children and adults. Methods - An observational study with convenience sampling was performed, including 83 FMs (59% ♂) of 48 PATs (72.9% ♀). All FMs wore a whole body TLD for 21 days and received instructions on radiation protection, based on Euratom recommendations. All FMs were provided with relevant instructions for TLD use and answered a questionnaire. Two groups were defined: Group-TC, included 65 FMs (5 children below the age of 10) of 37 PATs treated for TC with average (ᾱ) activity of 3434MBq (range 1110–5920MBq); Group-BTD included 18 FMs adults of 11 PATs treated for BTD with ᾱ activity of 336.4MBq (range 185–555MBq). The in-PATs of Group-TC were discharged 48h after therapy. All ethical principles of the investigation were respected. Results - When the PATs of Group-TC were discharged the ᾱ effective dose rate measured at a 1-metre distance was 10.4μSv/h (range 2–28μSv/h). The ᾱ value of HP(10) in FMs were: 0.14mSv (range 0.00-3.37mSv) for Group-TC and 0.37mSv (range 0.01-2.40mSv) for Group-BTD. The HP(10) value depended on the degree of relationship (p=0.008) and the age of the FMs (p=0.007). HP(10) of the FMs were moderately associated to administered activity (ρsp=-0.319; p=0.010) in Group-TC. No association was found between HP(10) FMs and the administered activity in Group-BTD (ρsp=0.139; p=0.583). Conclusions - The FMs of the PATs submitted 131I therapy for BTD received higher doses when compared to FMs of TC PATs. The HP(10) of the FMs depended to the degree of relationship and the age of the FMs. In the PATs submitted 131I therapy for BTD, the HP(10) of the FMs is not associated with the administered activity. The personal dose equivalent in these FMs does not reach the dose limits recommended by ICRP 97 and ICRP 94.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 2019
The main purpose of the present study is to determine if the circadian rhythms present in the hum... more The main purpose of the present study is to determine if the circadian rhythms present in the human bone marrow are likely to influence 3’- deoxy- 3’-[18F] Fluorothymidine (18F-FLT) uptake in the same organ. The 18F-FLT is a Thymidine analogous proliferation agent. The relatively high physiological uptake of this tracer in the bone marrow diminishes the Tumor/Background (T/B) ratio, decreasing the detection accuracy of PET/CT and possibly affecting SUV quantifications.
The technological and scientific advances in the field of medicine has encouraged the application... more The technological and scientific advances in the field of medicine has encouraged the application of ionizing radiation with a considerable positive contribution in the areas of Nuclear Medicine, Radiology, Radiotherapy and other specialties related to medical intervention like Cardiology. The Health Organizations that arise the risk of occupational exposure to ionizing radiation and is their responsibility to ensure monitoring, according the law. To ensure the monitoring of controlled doses of exposure, the exposed works use an individual dosimeter and undergo medical supervision. The individual dosimetry readings of health-care professionals, is sometimes questionable for themselves, arising distrust and uncertainty about the values measured. Objective: evaluate the degree of confidence of health professionals, exposed to radiation, on the system of individual monitoring. Methods: Observational study of cross-type analysis by questionnaire. Sample of 190 of technologists of Cardio...
A Comissão Europeia irá lançar, num futuro próximo, uma nova directiva relativa à protecção radio... more A Comissão Europeia irá lançar, num futuro próximo, uma nova directiva relativa à protecção radiológica - Basic Safety Standards – a qual irá substituir, num único documento, os actualmente existentes. Durante as últimas três décadas, em Portugal, a protecção radiológica contra radiações ionizantes tem sido regulada segundo cinco directivas, publicadas entre 1989 e 2003. Têm sido relatados vários incidentes ocorridos em ambiente clínico, nomeadamente naqueles que operam com radiação ionizante, pois na maioria dos casos, as regras, boas práticas e infra-estruturas não estão adequadas para esta finalidade. As questões ligadas com esta temática estão agora em análise e sob discussão pública. É, contudo, importante entender os desafios e requisitos da nova directiva para melhorar e assegurar a excelência dos resultados nas organizações de cuidados de saúde. Este novo documento reúne as abordagens da International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP), International Atomic Energy Age...
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Papers by Maria João Carapinha