This study deals with Particle Matter (PM) levels in the metropolitan area of Lisbon and shows th... more This study deals with Particle Matter (PM) levels in the metropolitan area of Lisbon and shows that EU directive is exceeded in a systematic way, mainly due to the inner city traffic. Results show that it is important to develop an epidemiological study in Lisbon to find a possible association between PM levels, sources and morbidity. Some important issues related with a monitor's representation of regional, sub-regional, and local air pollution exposures to the population in the metropolitan area are highlighted. PM 2.5 and PM 10 total mass concentration measured in several places located in both centre of Lisbon and the outskirts are quite well correlated, mainly considering that two measuring
At ITN, analysis of air particulate matter has been made since 1999, stimulated by a contract for... more At ITN, analysis of air particulate matter has been made since 1999, stimulated by a contract for air quality monitoring of an urban waste incinerator. Samples are analysed by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) and Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE). Heavy metals and other elements are determined. The procedures for filter analysis have recently been changed, leading to the present comparison between the old and the new procedures. For INAA, in this new procedure we look for the 336.2 keV gamma line of 115m In in addition to the gamma-ray line of 527.9 keV used for the detection of 115 Cd. Cd evaluations obtained by both gamma lines are compared and detection limits for Cd are presented. Preliminary results for Cd, As, Ni, and Hg are shown for a region in the north of Lisbon.
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2011
Check the metadata sheet to make sure that the header information, especially author names and th... more Check the metadata sheet to make sure that the header information, especially author names and the corresponding affiliations are correctly shown. • Check the questions that may have arisen during copy editing and insert your answers/ corrections. • Check that the text is complete and that all figures, tables and their legends are included. Also check the accuracy of special characters, equations, and electronic supplementary material if applicable. If necessary refer to the Edited manuscript. • The publication of inaccurate data such as dosages and units can have serious consequences. Please take particular care that all such details are correct. • Please do not make changes that involve only matters of style. We have generally introduced forms that follow the journal's style. Substantial changes in content, e.g., new results, corrected values, title and authorship are not allowed without the approval of the responsible editor. In such a case, please contact the Editorial Office and return his/her consent together with the proof. • If we do not receive your corrections within 48 hours, we will send you a reminder. • Your article will be published Online First approximately one week after receipt of your corrected proofs. This is the official first publication citable with the DOI. Further changes are, therefore, not possible. • The printed version will follow in a forthcoming issue.
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2009
Gent air samplers were used for air particulate matter sampling in Sado estuary area, separating ... more Gent air samplers were used for air particulate matter sampling in Sado estuary area, separating fine and coarse fractions. Three sampling sites were chosen (Palmela, Faralhão and Tróia), inside a 15 km 9 25 km area at Setúba region, 50 km south of Lisbon, Portugal. Transplants of Parmelia sulcata Taylor were suspended in nylon bags within the same area following a 2.5 km 9 2.5 km grid, during the same period as the aerosol collection. Both lichen transplants and filters were analysed by k 0-INAA. This work compares MCTTFA results given by the two air pollution monitoring procedures. The main differences concern a physiological factor in biomonitors and a better definition of traffic and re-suspension by aerosols.
Page 1. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 49: 343353, 2004. C 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Pr... more Page 1. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 49: 343353, 2004. C 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. 343 Arsenic Speciation in Lichens and in Coarse and Fine Airborne Particulate Matter by HPLCUVHGAFS ...
International Journal of Environment and Pollution, 2008
Epiphytic lichen transplants and aerosol samplers were put together in the Setubal area, Portugal... more Epiphytic lichen transplants and aerosol samplers were put together in the Setubal area, Portugal. They were analysed by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) and Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE). The lichen dataset pointed out nine factors. No ...
This paper describes concentration amounts of arsenic (As), particulate mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni)... more This paper describes concentration amounts of arsenic (As), particulate mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) in PM 10 and PM 2.5 , collected since 1993 by the Technological and Nuclear Institute (ITN) at different locations in mainland Portugal, featuring urban, industrial and rural environments, and a control as well. Most results were obtained in the vicinity of coal-and oil-fired power plants. Airborne mass concentrations were determined by gravimetry. As and Hg concentrations were obtained through instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), and Ni and Pb concentrations through proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). Comparison with the EU (European Union) and the US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) directives for Ambient Air has been carried out, even though the sampling protocols herein-set within the framework of ITN's R&D projects and/or monitoring contracts-were not consistent with the former regulations. Taking this into account, 1) the EU daily limit for PM 10 was exceeded a few times in all sites except the control, even if the number of times was still inferior to the allowed one; 2) the EU annual mean for PM 10 was exceeded at one site; 3) the EPA daily limit for PM 2.5 was exceeded one time at three sites; 4) the EPA annual mean for PM 2.5 was exceeded at most sites; 5) the inner-Lisboa site approached or exceeded the legislated PMs; 6) Pb levels stayed far below the EU limit value; and 7) concentrations of As, Ni and Hg were also far less than the reference values adopted by EU. In every location, Ni appeared more concentrated in PM 2.5 than in coarser particles, and its levels were not that different from site to site, excluding the control. The highest As and Hg concentrations were found in the neighbourhood of the coal-fired, utility power plants. The results may be viewed as a "worst-case scenario" of atmospheric pollution, since they have been obtained in busy urban-industrial areas and/or near major power-generation and waste-incineration facilities.
Aerosol chemical composition data for PM 2.5 and PM 2.5-10 , were acquired from 1999 to 2002 at a... more Aerosol chemical composition data for PM 2.5 and PM 2.5-10 , were acquired from 1999 to 2002 at a suburban area located at Northern Lisbon area. Monte Carlo target transformation factor analysis (MCTTFA) was used to identify the main sources of air particulate matter. Eight main groups of sources were identified: soil, sea, traffic, an industrial source related to coal combustion, cement production and incineration, metallurgic industry and Ba, Se and Cs sources.
In this work, 29 lichen samples collected in situ and representative of high loadings, medium loa... more In this work, 29 lichen samples collected in situ and representative of high loadings, medium loadings and zero loadings for factors related to natural and anthropogenic emission sources, were analyzed to determine arsenic contents and its species extractability. The studied sites showed As values between 430 and 5590 microg kg(-1). The cationic forms were extracted at most of the sites varying between 0.5% and 6.6%. Extracted anionic forms were not detected in any of the sites. In a few other sites the % of extracted As(III)--more toxic--exceeds the equivalent value of As(V). It is concluded that arsenic in native Parmelia sulcata Taylor under the form of As(V) either was kept unchanged or was partially transformed into As(III) (more frequent) or partially transformed into As(III) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA) or partially transformed into DMAA.
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2003
Examples of the application of k 0 standardized instrumental neutron activation analysis (k 0 -IN... more Examples of the application of k 0 standardized instrumental neutron activation analysis (k 0 -INAA) to aerosols and biological monitors in the last 10 years at Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear (ITN) are given. As an analytical technique, INAA, in association with the k 0 method was applied to these materials in four different projects, aiming at monitoring concentrations of heavy
This study deals with Particle Matter (PM) levels in the metropolitan area of Lisbon and shows th... more This study deals with Particle Matter (PM) levels in the metropolitan area of Lisbon and shows that EU directive is exceeded in a systematic way, mainly due to the inner city traffic. Results show that it is important to develop an epidemiological study in Lisbon to find a possible association between PM levels, sources and morbidity. Some important issues related with a monitor's representation of regional, sub-regional, and local air pollution exposures to the population in the metropolitan area are highlighted. PM 2.5 and PM 10 total mass concentration measured in several places located in both centre of Lisbon and the outskirts are quite well correlated, mainly considering that two measuring
At ITN, analysis of air particulate matter has been made since 1999, stimulated by a contract for... more At ITN, analysis of air particulate matter has been made since 1999, stimulated by a contract for air quality monitoring of an urban waste incinerator. Samples are analysed by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) and Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE). Heavy metals and other elements are determined. The procedures for filter analysis have recently been changed, leading to the present comparison between the old and the new procedures. For INAA, in this new procedure we look for the 336.2 keV gamma line of 115m In in addition to the gamma-ray line of 527.9 keV used for the detection of 115 Cd. Cd evaluations obtained by both gamma lines are compared and detection limits for Cd are presented. Preliminary results for Cd, As, Ni, and Hg are shown for a region in the north of Lisbon.
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2011
Check the metadata sheet to make sure that the header information, especially author names and th... more Check the metadata sheet to make sure that the header information, especially author names and the corresponding affiliations are correctly shown. • Check the questions that may have arisen during copy editing and insert your answers/ corrections. • Check that the text is complete and that all figures, tables and their legends are included. Also check the accuracy of special characters, equations, and electronic supplementary material if applicable. If necessary refer to the Edited manuscript. • The publication of inaccurate data such as dosages and units can have serious consequences. Please take particular care that all such details are correct. • Please do not make changes that involve only matters of style. We have generally introduced forms that follow the journal's style. Substantial changes in content, e.g., new results, corrected values, title and authorship are not allowed without the approval of the responsible editor. In such a case, please contact the Editorial Office and return his/her consent together with the proof. • If we do not receive your corrections within 48 hours, we will send you a reminder. • Your article will be published Online First approximately one week after receipt of your corrected proofs. This is the official first publication citable with the DOI. Further changes are, therefore, not possible. • The printed version will follow in a forthcoming issue.
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2009
Gent air samplers were used for air particulate matter sampling in Sado estuary area, separating ... more Gent air samplers were used for air particulate matter sampling in Sado estuary area, separating fine and coarse fractions. Three sampling sites were chosen (Palmela, Faralhão and Tróia), inside a 15 km 9 25 km area at Setúba region, 50 km south of Lisbon, Portugal. Transplants of Parmelia sulcata Taylor were suspended in nylon bags within the same area following a 2.5 km 9 2.5 km grid, during the same period as the aerosol collection. Both lichen transplants and filters were analysed by k 0-INAA. This work compares MCTTFA results given by the two air pollution monitoring procedures. The main differences concern a physiological factor in biomonitors and a better definition of traffic and re-suspension by aerosols.
Page 1. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 49: 343353, 2004. C 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Pr... more Page 1. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 49: 343353, 2004. C 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. 343 Arsenic Speciation in Lichens and in Coarse and Fine Airborne Particulate Matter by HPLCUVHGAFS ...
International Journal of Environment and Pollution, 2008
Epiphytic lichen transplants and aerosol samplers were put together in the Setubal area, Portugal... more Epiphytic lichen transplants and aerosol samplers were put together in the Setubal area, Portugal. They were analysed by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) and Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE). The lichen dataset pointed out nine factors. No ...
This paper describes concentration amounts of arsenic (As), particulate mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni)... more This paper describes concentration amounts of arsenic (As), particulate mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) in PM 10 and PM 2.5 , collected since 1993 by the Technological and Nuclear Institute (ITN) at different locations in mainland Portugal, featuring urban, industrial and rural environments, and a control as well. Most results were obtained in the vicinity of coal-and oil-fired power plants. Airborne mass concentrations were determined by gravimetry. As and Hg concentrations were obtained through instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), and Ni and Pb concentrations through proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). Comparison with the EU (European Union) and the US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) directives for Ambient Air has been carried out, even though the sampling protocols herein-set within the framework of ITN's R&D projects and/or monitoring contracts-were not consistent with the former regulations. Taking this into account, 1) the EU daily limit for PM 10 was exceeded a few times in all sites except the control, even if the number of times was still inferior to the allowed one; 2) the EU annual mean for PM 10 was exceeded at one site; 3) the EPA daily limit for PM 2.5 was exceeded one time at three sites; 4) the EPA annual mean for PM 2.5 was exceeded at most sites; 5) the inner-Lisboa site approached or exceeded the legislated PMs; 6) Pb levels stayed far below the EU limit value; and 7) concentrations of As, Ni and Hg were also far less than the reference values adopted by EU. In every location, Ni appeared more concentrated in PM 2.5 than in coarser particles, and its levels were not that different from site to site, excluding the control. The highest As and Hg concentrations were found in the neighbourhood of the coal-fired, utility power plants. The results may be viewed as a "worst-case scenario" of atmospheric pollution, since they have been obtained in busy urban-industrial areas and/or near major power-generation and waste-incineration facilities.
Aerosol chemical composition data for PM 2.5 and PM 2.5-10 , were acquired from 1999 to 2002 at a... more Aerosol chemical composition data for PM 2.5 and PM 2.5-10 , were acquired from 1999 to 2002 at a suburban area located at Northern Lisbon area. Monte Carlo target transformation factor analysis (MCTTFA) was used to identify the main sources of air particulate matter. Eight main groups of sources were identified: soil, sea, traffic, an industrial source related to coal combustion, cement production and incineration, metallurgic industry and Ba, Se and Cs sources.
In this work, 29 lichen samples collected in situ and representative of high loadings, medium loa... more In this work, 29 lichen samples collected in situ and representative of high loadings, medium loadings and zero loadings for factors related to natural and anthropogenic emission sources, were analyzed to determine arsenic contents and its species extractability. The studied sites showed As values between 430 and 5590 microg kg(-1). The cationic forms were extracted at most of the sites varying between 0.5% and 6.6%. Extracted anionic forms were not detected in any of the sites. In a few other sites the % of extracted As(III)--more toxic--exceeds the equivalent value of As(V). It is concluded that arsenic in native Parmelia sulcata Taylor under the form of As(V) either was kept unchanged or was partially transformed into As(III) (more frequent) or partially transformed into As(III) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA) or partially transformed into DMAA.
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2003
Examples of the application of k 0 standardized instrumental neutron activation analysis (k 0 -IN... more Examples of the application of k 0 standardized instrumental neutron activation analysis (k 0 -INAA) to aerosols and biological monitors in the last 10 years at Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear (ITN) are given. As an analytical technique, INAA, in association with the k 0 method was applied to these materials in four different projects, aiming at monitoring concentrations of heavy
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