Evaluar los resultados alejados de la valvuloplastia mitral percutánea (VMP), y analizar los fact... more Evaluar los resultados alejados de la valvuloplastia mitral percutánea (VMP), y analizar los factores asociados con eventos y reestenosis tardía.
Sinc-shaped Nyquist-pulses possess a rectangular spectrum. Thus, a sinc-pulse transmission minimi... more Sinc-shaped Nyquist-pulses possess a rectangular spectrum. Thus, a sinc-pulse transmission minimizes the carrier spacing down to the baud rate, and therefore, substantially increases the transmissible data rates. These perspectives have led to a strong research activity in the field of Nyquist pulse transmission. However, all methods of Nyquist pulse generation shown up to now are rather complex, costly and none leads to ideal sinc-shaped Nyquist pulses. Thus, it has not been clear yet if Nyquist-pulse transmission can be incorporated in optical networks in an energy and cost-effective way.
Ofc Nfoec 2008 2008 Conference on Optical Fiber Communication National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, Feb 24, 2008
We propose the use of pulse Simplex-coding in distributed temperature sensors based on spontaneou... more We propose the use of pulse Simplex-coding in distributed temperature sensors based on spontaneous Brillouin scattering. The analysis shows achieved performance improvement and the effect on stimulated Brillouin threshold, resulting in lower required input power.
Proceedings of Spie the International Society For Optical Engineering, Sep 1, 2010
We experimentally analyse the impact of pulse modulation format on BOTDA sensors exploiting Simpl... more We experimentally analyse the impact of pulse modulation format on BOTDA sensors exploiting Simplex coding. A careful optimisation of modulation format is required to avoid spurious oscillations causing severe penalties in the measurement accuracy.
The behaviour of distributed temperature sensors based on spontaneous Raman scattering and coded ... more The behaviour of distributed temperature sensors based on spontaneous Raman scattering and coded OTDR (optical time domain reflectometry) is studied both theoretically and experimentally; in particular a high performance scheme has been implemented using amplitude modulation according to Simplex coding, direct detection and additional use of lumped Raman amplification to further extend the sensing range. An efficient and cost-effective distributed temperature sensing system operating along 30 km of dispersion-shifted fibre with 17 m spatial resolution and 5 K temperature resolution is theoretically demonstrated and experimentally achieved using 255 bit Simplex coding and low-power commercially available laser diodes (80 mW CW power). Use of lumped Raman amplification to produce high-power coded pulses allows further 10 km distance enhancement, resulting in a total measurement range of 40 km.
In this paper we describe and implement a long-range Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTD... more In this paper we describe and implement a long-range Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) sensor, for both temperature and strain measurements, using optical pulse coding techniques. A theoretical analysis of Simplex coding applied to BOTDA systems is presented and experimentally demonstrated for both Brillouin loss and Brillouin gain configurations. With the proposed technique, ~7.1 dB and ~10.3 dB of signal-to-noise ratio improvements are demonstrated in BOTDA measurements using 127-bit and 511-bit Simplex codes, respectively. This feature allows us to extend the dynamic range of the measurements, overcoming the limitations to the maximum usable optical power imposed by pump depletion and modulation instability; thus, the sensing range can be extended by several tens of kilometers while keeping meter-scale spatial resolution. Experimental results show the capabilities of optical pulse coding techniques to achieve 1 m spatial resolution over 50 km of standard single-mode fiber enabling temperature and strain resolutions equal to 2.2 °C and 44 µɛ, respectively.
Optical pulse coding is successfully applied to long-range sensors based on Brillouin optical tim... more Optical pulse coding is successfully applied to long-range sensors based on Brillouin optical time domain analysis, achieving a record of 1 meter spatial resolution over 50 km of SMF with 2.2°C / 44jl& temperature/strainresolutions.
Third European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors, 2007
The performance of distributed temperature sensor systems based on spontaneous Raman scattering a... more The performance of distributed temperature sensor systems based on spontaneous Raman scattering and coded OTDR are investigated. The evaluated DTS system, which is based on correlation coding, uses graded-index multimode fibers, operates over short-to-medium distances (up to 8 km) with high spatial and temperature resolutions (better than 1 m and 0.3 K at 4 km distance with 10 min measuring time) and high repeatability even throughout a wide temperature range.
Optical Fiber Communication Conference/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference 2011, 2011
Sub-meter resolution sensing has been achieved employing linear pre-amplification with Simplex-co... more Sub-meter resolution sensing has been achieved employing linear pre-amplification with Simplex-coded pulses employing DPP-BOTDA. Results demonstrate a spatial resolution of ~40 cm over 56km sensing fiber with 1.1°C-22µε temperature-strain resolution.
The behaviour of distributed temperature sensors based on spontaneous Raman scattering and coded ... more The behaviour of distributed temperature sensors based on spontaneous Raman scattering and coded OTDR (optical time domain reflectometry) is studied both theoretically and experimentally; in particular a high performance scheme has been implemented using amplitude modulation according to Simplex coding, direct detection and additional use of lumped Raman amplification to further extend the sensing range. An efficient and cost-effective distributed temperature sensing system operating along 30 km of dispersion-shifted fibre with 17 m spatial resolution and 5 K temperature resolution is theoretically demonstrated and experimentally achieved using 255 bit Simplex coding and low-power commercially available laser diodes (80 mW CW power). Use of lumped Raman amplification to produce high-power coded pulses allows further 10 km distance enhancement, resulting in a total measurement range of 40 km.
Pulse coding techniques are proposed in combination with the use of Fabry-Perot lasers for simult... more Pulse coding techniques are proposed in combination with the use of Fabry-Perot lasers for simultaneous strain and temperature sensing based on hybrid spontaneous Raman-Brillouin scattering. Combination of both techniques allows for ~0.27K / ~30με resolution along 25-km sensing range.
Optical Fiber Communication Conference and National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, 2009
Abstract We have experimentally characterized the benefits of pulse coding in coherent-detection ... more Abstract We have experimentally characterized the benefits of pulse coding in coherent-detection Brillouin-based hybrid sensors, achieving 15 dB improvement in two-way sensing distance at same resolution in simultaneous strain and temperature sensing.
We propose the use of pulse Simplex-coding in distributed temperature sensors based on spontaneou... more We propose the use of pulse Simplex-coding in distributed temperature sensors based on spontaneous Brillouin scattering. The analysis shows achieved performance improvement and the effect on stimulated Brillouin threshold, resulting in lower required input power.
In this work we have applied optical pulse-coding technique to spontaneous Brillouin-based distri... more In this work we have applied optical pulse-coding technique to spontaneous Brillouin-based distributed temperature sensor (BDTS) based on the Landau-Placzek ratio (LPR). We experimentally show that pulse-coding applied to optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) based BDTS allows for a significant performance enhancement, avoiding the use of optical amplification. Actually, by using 127-bit Simplex coding, we achieved about 7 dB signal-to-noise ratio improvement at the receiver, allowing for temperature sensing over 30 km-distance with temperature/spatial resolution up to 5.0 K / 40 m using only 10 mW optical peak power at the fiber input.
In this paper we present a Brillouin optical-time domain analysis (BOTDA) sensor combining optimi... more In this paper we present a Brillouin optical-time domain analysis (BOTDA) sensor combining optimized optical pulse coding with return-to-zero (RZ) modulation format and first-order bi-directional Raman amplification, using a single, shared, high relative-intensity-noise (RIN) pump source. We show that coding provides great benefits in sensing performance, even when employing noisy high-RIN Raman fiber-lasers degrading single-pulse BOTDA-schemes. Combining pulse coding with the use of a single high-power source for Raman amplification allows us to achieve distributed sensing over 120 km SMF, achieving 2.3 m spatial resolution with 52με/2.6°C strain/temperature resolutions.
An enhanced-performance BOTDA sensor is presented combining low-RIN distributed Raman amplificati... more An enhanced-performance BOTDA sensor is presented combining low-RIN distributed Raman amplification and RZ Simplex-pulse coding. Results demonstrate for first time 1 m spatial resolution over 120 km distance with 1.3°C/26 με resolutions
Evaluar los resultados alejados de la valvuloplastia mitral percutánea (VMP), y analizar los fact... more Evaluar los resultados alejados de la valvuloplastia mitral percutánea (VMP), y analizar los factores asociados con eventos y reestenosis tardía.
Sinc-shaped Nyquist-pulses possess a rectangular spectrum. Thus, a sinc-pulse transmission minimi... more Sinc-shaped Nyquist-pulses possess a rectangular spectrum. Thus, a sinc-pulse transmission minimizes the carrier spacing down to the baud rate, and therefore, substantially increases the transmissible data rates. These perspectives have led to a strong research activity in the field of Nyquist pulse transmission. However, all methods of Nyquist pulse generation shown up to now are rather complex, costly and none leads to ideal sinc-shaped Nyquist pulses. Thus, it has not been clear yet if Nyquist-pulse transmission can be incorporated in optical networks in an energy and cost-effective way.
Ofc Nfoec 2008 2008 Conference on Optical Fiber Communication National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, Feb 24, 2008
We propose the use of pulse Simplex-coding in distributed temperature sensors based on spontaneou... more We propose the use of pulse Simplex-coding in distributed temperature sensors based on spontaneous Brillouin scattering. The analysis shows achieved performance improvement and the effect on stimulated Brillouin threshold, resulting in lower required input power.
Proceedings of Spie the International Society For Optical Engineering, Sep 1, 2010
We experimentally analyse the impact of pulse modulation format on BOTDA sensors exploiting Simpl... more We experimentally analyse the impact of pulse modulation format on BOTDA sensors exploiting Simplex coding. A careful optimisation of modulation format is required to avoid spurious oscillations causing severe penalties in the measurement accuracy.
The behaviour of distributed temperature sensors based on spontaneous Raman scattering and coded ... more The behaviour of distributed temperature sensors based on spontaneous Raman scattering and coded OTDR (optical time domain reflectometry) is studied both theoretically and experimentally; in particular a high performance scheme has been implemented using amplitude modulation according to Simplex coding, direct detection and additional use of lumped Raman amplification to further extend the sensing range. An efficient and cost-effective distributed temperature sensing system operating along 30 km of dispersion-shifted fibre with 17 m spatial resolution and 5 K temperature resolution is theoretically demonstrated and experimentally achieved using 255 bit Simplex coding and low-power commercially available laser diodes (80 mW CW power). Use of lumped Raman amplification to produce high-power coded pulses allows further 10 km distance enhancement, resulting in a total measurement range of 40 km.
In this paper we describe and implement a long-range Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTD... more In this paper we describe and implement a long-range Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) sensor, for both temperature and strain measurements, using optical pulse coding techniques. A theoretical analysis of Simplex coding applied to BOTDA systems is presented and experimentally demonstrated for both Brillouin loss and Brillouin gain configurations. With the proposed technique, ~7.1 dB and ~10.3 dB of signal-to-noise ratio improvements are demonstrated in BOTDA measurements using 127-bit and 511-bit Simplex codes, respectively. This feature allows us to extend the dynamic range of the measurements, overcoming the limitations to the maximum usable optical power imposed by pump depletion and modulation instability; thus, the sensing range can be extended by several tens of kilometers while keeping meter-scale spatial resolution. Experimental results show the capabilities of optical pulse coding techniques to achieve 1 m spatial resolution over 50 km of standard single-mode fiber enabling temperature and strain resolutions equal to 2.2 °C and 44 µɛ, respectively.
Optical pulse coding is successfully applied to long-range sensors based on Brillouin optical tim... more Optical pulse coding is successfully applied to long-range sensors based on Brillouin optical time domain analysis, achieving a record of 1 meter spatial resolution over 50 km of SMF with 2.2°C / 44jl& temperature/strainresolutions.
Third European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors, 2007
The performance of distributed temperature sensor systems based on spontaneous Raman scattering a... more The performance of distributed temperature sensor systems based on spontaneous Raman scattering and coded OTDR are investigated. The evaluated DTS system, which is based on correlation coding, uses graded-index multimode fibers, operates over short-to-medium distances (up to 8 km) with high spatial and temperature resolutions (better than 1 m and 0.3 K at 4 km distance with 10 min measuring time) and high repeatability even throughout a wide temperature range.
Optical Fiber Communication Conference/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference 2011, 2011
Sub-meter resolution sensing has been achieved employing linear pre-amplification with Simplex-co... more Sub-meter resolution sensing has been achieved employing linear pre-amplification with Simplex-coded pulses employing DPP-BOTDA. Results demonstrate a spatial resolution of ~40 cm over 56km sensing fiber with 1.1°C-22µε temperature-strain resolution.
The behaviour of distributed temperature sensors based on spontaneous Raman scattering and coded ... more The behaviour of distributed temperature sensors based on spontaneous Raman scattering and coded OTDR (optical time domain reflectometry) is studied both theoretically and experimentally; in particular a high performance scheme has been implemented using amplitude modulation according to Simplex coding, direct detection and additional use of lumped Raman amplification to further extend the sensing range. An efficient and cost-effective distributed temperature sensing system operating along 30 km of dispersion-shifted fibre with 17 m spatial resolution and 5 K temperature resolution is theoretically demonstrated and experimentally achieved using 255 bit Simplex coding and low-power commercially available laser diodes (80 mW CW power). Use of lumped Raman amplification to produce high-power coded pulses allows further 10 km distance enhancement, resulting in a total measurement range of 40 km.
Pulse coding techniques are proposed in combination with the use of Fabry-Perot lasers for simult... more Pulse coding techniques are proposed in combination with the use of Fabry-Perot lasers for simultaneous strain and temperature sensing based on hybrid spontaneous Raman-Brillouin scattering. Combination of both techniques allows for ~0.27K / ~30με resolution along 25-km sensing range.
Optical Fiber Communication Conference and National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, 2009
Abstract We have experimentally characterized the benefits of pulse coding in coherent-detection ... more Abstract We have experimentally characterized the benefits of pulse coding in coherent-detection Brillouin-based hybrid sensors, achieving 15 dB improvement in two-way sensing distance at same resolution in simultaneous strain and temperature sensing.
We propose the use of pulse Simplex-coding in distributed temperature sensors based on spontaneou... more We propose the use of pulse Simplex-coding in distributed temperature sensors based on spontaneous Brillouin scattering. The analysis shows achieved performance improvement and the effect on stimulated Brillouin threshold, resulting in lower required input power.
In this work we have applied optical pulse-coding technique to spontaneous Brillouin-based distri... more In this work we have applied optical pulse-coding technique to spontaneous Brillouin-based distributed temperature sensor (BDTS) based on the Landau-Placzek ratio (LPR). We experimentally show that pulse-coding applied to optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) based BDTS allows for a significant performance enhancement, avoiding the use of optical amplification. Actually, by using 127-bit Simplex coding, we achieved about 7 dB signal-to-noise ratio improvement at the receiver, allowing for temperature sensing over 30 km-distance with temperature/spatial resolution up to 5.0 K / 40 m using only 10 mW optical peak power at the fiber input.
In this paper we present a Brillouin optical-time domain analysis (BOTDA) sensor combining optimi... more In this paper we present a Brillouin optical-time domain analysis (BOTDA) sensor combining optimized optical pulse coding with return-to-zero (RZ) modulation format and first-order bi-directional Raman amplification, using a single, shared, high relative-intensity-noise (RIN) pump source. We show that coding provides great benefits in sensing performance, even when employing noisy high-RIN Raman fiber-lasers degrading single-pulse BOTDA-schemes. Combining pulse coding with the use of a single high-power source for Raman amplification allows us to achieve distributed sensing over 120 km SMF, achieving 2.3 m spatial resolution with 52με/2.6°C strain/temperature resolutions.
An enhanced-performance BOTDA sensor is presented combining low-RIN distributed Raman amplificati... more An enhanced-performance BOTDA sensor is presented combining low-RIN distributed Raman amplification and RZ Simplex-pulse coding. Results demonstrate for first time 1 m spatial resolution over 120 km distance with 1.3°C/26 με resolutions
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Papers by Marcelo Soto