reponame:Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional, Dec 7, 2018
Fecha de elaboración del Resumen: 14 06 2018 1.6.2. Implicaciones ambientales de los procesos de ... more Fecha de elaboración del Resumen: 14 06 2018 1.6.2. Implicaciones ambientales de los procesos de reconfiguración territorial…79 1.6.3. Relación de la gran minería con el fenómeno paramilitar……………………83 1.6.4. La figura de la utilidad pública: consagración legal del despojo y del desplazamiento forzado con fines de minería………………………………………..86 1.6.5. Activación de casos de despojo y desplazamiento forzado por grandes empresas mineras……………………………………………………………………….87 1.7. Estado del arte………………………………………………………………………89 1.7.1. Trabajos que realizan un diagnóstico general en torno a la minería……….90 1.7.2. Estudios de caso realizados por grupos de investigación…………………...92 1.7.3. Estudios de caso realizados por estudiantes universitarios…………………96 1.7.4. Síntesis del estado del arte…………………………………………………….101 1.8. Balance………………….………………………………………………………....103 CAPÍTULO 2: REVISIÓN CONCEPTUAL ALREDEDOR DEL MODELO DE DESARROLLO EXTRACTIVISTA Y DE LOS PROCESOS DE RECONFIGURACIÓN TERRITORIAL………………………………………………105 2.1. Alcances teóricos de la investigación…………………………………………...105 2.2. Características del modelo de desarrollo extractivista………………………..107 2.2.1. Modo de acumulación primario-extractivo……………………………………107 2.2.2. Lógica de enclave……………………………………………………………….108 2.2.2.1. Dependencia a la demanda externa………………………………………..108 2.2.3. Retórica desarrollista…………………………………………………………...109 2.2.3.1. Desarrollo como sinónimo de crecimiento económico……………………111 2.2.4. Desarrollo de fuera hacia adentro…………………………………………….113 2.2.5. Desarrollo desvinculado de otros sectores: dualismo estructural…………114 2.2.6. Emprendimientos de gran escala en expansión…………………………….115 2.2.6.1. Acumulación por desposesión………………………………………………117 2.2.6.2. Cambio de las estructuras de propiedad…………………………………..118 2.3. Territorio como concepto de análisis……………………………………………120 2.3.1. La tensión existente entre espacio y territorio……………………………….121 2.3.2. Producción económica del territorio…………………………………………..125 2.3.3. Tipos de territorio………………………………………………………………..126 2.3.4. Dominación: producción económica del territorio en uso del poder……..………………………………………………………………………………131 2.3.5. Apropiación: producción económica del territorio sin uso del poder……..………………………………………………………………………………135 2.3.6. La territorialidad y las prácticas territoriales………………………………….136 2.3.7. Representaciones del espacio y espacios de representación……………..138 2.3.8. La multiterritorialidad: diferentes apropiaciones y significaciones del territorio………………………………………………………………………………….141
Deep learning transformers have drastically improved systems that automatically answer questions ... more Deep learning transformers have drastically improved systems that automatically answer questions in natural language. However, different questions demand different answering techniques; here we propose, build and validate an architecture that integrates different modules to answer two distinct kinds of queries. Our architecture takes a free-form natural language text and classifies it to send it either to a Neural Question Answering Reasoner or a Natural Language parser to SQL. We implemented a complete system for the Portuguese language, using some of the main tools available for the language and translating training and testing datasets. Experiments show that our system selects the appropriate answering method with high accuracy (over 99%), thus validating a modular question answering strategy.
International journal of information technology, Jun 23, 2023
Long sequences of text are challenging in the context of transformers, due to quadratic memory in... more Long sequences of text are challenging in the context of transformers, due to quadratic memory increase in the self-attention mechanism. As this issue directly affects the translation from natural language to SQL queries (as techniques usually take as input a concatenated text with the question and the database schema), we present techniques that allow long text sequences to be handled by transformers with up to 512 input tokens. We propose a training process with database schema pruning (removal of tables and columns names that are useless for the query of interest). In addition, we used a multilingual approach with the mT5-large model fine-tuned with a data augmented Spider dataset in four languages simultaneously: English, Portuguese, Spanish and French. Our proposed technique used the Spider dataset and increased the exact set match accuracy results from 0.718 to 0.736 in a validation dataset (Dev). Source code, evaluations, and checkpoints are available at: https://github.com/C4AI/gap-text2sql.
The translation of natural language questions to SQL queries has attracted growing attention, in ... more The translation of natural language questions to SQL queries has attracted growing attention, in particular in connection with transformers and similar language models. A large number of techniques are geared towards the English language; in this work, we thus investigated translation to SQL when input questions are given in the Portuguese language. To do so, we properly adapted state-of-the-art tools and resources. We changed the RAT-SQL+GAP system by relying on a multilingual BART model (we report tests with other language models), and we produced a translated version of the Spider dataset. Our experiments expose interesting phenomena that arise when non-English languages are targeted; in particular, it is better to train with original and translated training datasets together, even if a single target language is desired. This multilingual BART model fine-tuned with a double-size training dataset (English and Portuguese) achieved 83% of the baseline, making inferences for the Portuguese test dataset. This investigation can help other researchers to produce results in Machine Learning in a language different from English. Our multilingual ready version of RAT-SQL+GAP and the data are available, open-sourced as mRAT-SQL+GAP at: https://github.com/C4AI/gap-text2sql.
We describe the first steps in the development of an artificial agent focused on the Brazilian ma... more We describe the first steps in the development of an artificial agent focused on the Brazilian maritime territory, a large region within the South Atlantic also known as the Blue Amazon. The "BLue Amazon Brain" (BLAB) integrates a number of services aimed at disseminating information about this region and its importance, functioning as a tool for environmental awareness. The main service provided by BLAB is a conversational facility that deals with complex questions about the Blue Amazon, called BLAB-Chat; its central component is a controller that manages several task-oriented natural language processing modules (e.g., question answering and summarizer systems). These modules have access to an internal data lake as well as to third-party databases. A news reporter (BLAB-Reporter) and a purposely-developed wiki (BLAB-Wiki) are also part of the BLAB service architecture. In this paper, we describe our current version of BLAB's architecture (interface, backend, web services, NLP modules, and resources) and comment on the challenges we have faced so far, such as the lack of training data and the scattered state of domain information. Solving these issues presents a considerable challenge in the development of artificial intelligence for technical domains.
Objectives. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the dynamic behaviour of digital skin m... more Objectives. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the dynamic behaviour of digital skin micro-vascular blood flow before and after cold stimulation using laser Doppler imaging (LDI) in children and adolescents with RP secondary to juvenile systemic sclerosis (JSS), primary RP (PRP) and healthy con-trols and to compare functional abnormalities measured by LDI with structural microvascular abnormalities evaluated by nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC). Methods. Five JSS patients, five children and adolescents with PRP and five healthy controls matched for gender and age were included. All subjects had NFC performed. Finger blood flow (FBF) was measured using the LDI system (Moor Instruments) at baseline and after cold stimulus (CS). Results. There were a decreased number of capillaries, a greater number of enlarged capillaries and a higher deletion score in JSS patients compared with controls and patients with PRP. The mean baseline FBF was significantly lower in JSS patients compar...
Objectives. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the dynamic behaviour of digital skin m... more Objectives. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the dynamic behaviour of digital skin micro-vascular blood flow before and after cold stimulation using laser Doppler imaging (LDI) in children and adolescents with RP secondary to juvenile systemic sclerosis (JSS), primary RP (PRP) and healthy con-trols and to compare functional abnormalities measured by LDI with structural microvascular abnormalities evaluated by nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC). Methods. Five JSS patients, five children and adolescents with PRP and five healthy controls matched for gender and age were included. All subjects had NFC performed. Finger blood flow (FBF) was measured using the LDI system (Moor Instruments) at baseline and after cold stimulus (CS). Results. There were a decreased number of capillaries, a greater number of enlarged capillaries and a higher deletion score in JSS patients compared with controls and patients with PRP. The mean baseline FBF was significantly lower in JSS patients compar...
O presente estudo investiga a adequação de uma metodologia de previsão de preços para a manga Tom... more O presente estudo investiga a adequação de uma metodologia de previsão de preços para a manga Tommy e a uva Itália, produzidas e comercializadas no Vale do São Francisco, através da utilização das técnicas de Análise de Séries Temporais. Foram coletados e calculados, junto aos registros da Secretaria de Agricultura do Estado da Bahia, os preços médios mensais destes produtos entre 2002 e 2008, totalizando uma amostra de 84 períodos. Para a interpretação dos resultados, foram utilizados os modelos de previsão Holt-Winters e ARIMA. Os resultados indicam, dentre outras coisas, uma estacionariedade no preço da manga e uma tendência de aumento no preço da uva. A metodologia desenvolvida pôde ser considerada válida, pois forneceu os menores erros quadráticos de previsão por meio da suavização exponencial aditiva para a uva Itália (Holt-Winters) e o modelo ARIMA(2,0,1) para a manga Tommy. Sugestões de novos estudos são elaboradas ao final do artigo.
Treball Final de Grau en Criminologia i Seguretat. Codi: CS1044. Curs: 2018-2019El extremismo vio... more Treball Final de Grau en Criminologia i Seguretat. Codi: CS1044. Curs: 2018-2019El extremismo violento es un fenómeno transversal que polariza a la ciudadanía y dificulta la pacífica convivencia y disfrute de los derechos y libertades públicas. Actualmente no existe consenso en lo referido a su definición, los elementos que lo componen ni las variables que interactúan en el mismo. La prevención del fenómeno del extremismo violento es necesaria para mitigar el daño que causa. En España esta área de estudio es relativamente reciente y por tanto se estima necesario recopilar y conocer las evidencias científicas más actuales y las iniciativas y buenas prácticas llevadas a cabo por parte de las autoridades, entidades públicas y privadas, tanto en nuestro país como en el extranjero. Por ello, se ha realizado una amplia revisión bibliográfica y se ha recopilado información proveniente de actores que hacen frente a esta problemática en su práctica diaria, poniendo especial énfasis en las iniciativas de prevención primaria y secundaria. El objetivo último de este documento es adquirir una visión panorámica de este fenómeno y plasmar ideas o buenas prácticas susceptibles de llevarse a cabo en nuestro país especialmente a nivel local.Violent extremism is a phenomenon which polarize the citizens and make harder the peaceful communal living and the enjoyment of our rights and freedoms. Nowadays, does not exist consensus in the definition, the elements that compose it or the variables that interact in it. In Spain that research field its relatively recent so therefore its necessary to collect and know the initiatives and good practices in this study area from authorities and also other public and private organizations, inside our borders or overseas. For this reason, a bibliographic review has been carried out and information had been collected from first line practitioners that daily deal with that issue, with special emphasis on primary and secondary prevention initiatives. The main goal of that text its acquire a global view of that issue and translate the ideas or good practices that could be carried out in our country, especially at local level
The study aimed to survey the marine litter present on Boa Viagem beach (Recife, Pernambuco State... more The study aimed to survey the marine litter present on Boa Viagem beach (Recife, Pernambuco State), in association with the use of the beach. Two areas with different characteristics were used. Three transects (10 x 15 m each) in each area were delimited, and sampling took place during two months, August and October (three Sundays each month). The beach users present within transect were counted in two different hours and all residues (> 2 cm) were collected and classified in manufacturing and food groups. Manufactured items were subdivided into categories according to material. The studied areas, although relatively close, were very different with respect to almost all parameters studied. In the Area 2 the number of beach users was 100% higher than in Area 1, and the total quantity of marine debris was 12 times more. The percentages were very similar between manufactured (~58%) and foods (42%) groups. The prevalence of plastics followed a pattern already observed in other survey...
Sugarcane is a semi-perennial crop that is cultivated for five or six harvest cycles before repla... more Sugarcane is a semi-perennial crop that is cultivated for five or six harvest cycles before replanting. Following annual mechanized harvest, nitrogen (N) fertilizer is commonly applied during the ratoon cane sprouting phase through furrows along the side of plant rows (subsurface application) or banded on the surface. With subsurface application, mechanical operations are hampered by the trash coverage that remains after harvest; furthermore, opening furrows can partially damage roots. However, with soil surface application, nutrient uptake efficiency is decreased as a result of microbial immobilization and losses through ammonia volatilization and runoff. Thus, to achieve subsurface application for ratoon cane with minimal mobilization of the system (soil, straw and roots), this work aimed to (i) develop and evaluate a mechanical prototype that enables a soil punching process in ratoon cane and (ii) evaluate the cane yield using the soil punching method for liquid N fertilizer injection compared to liquid N fertilizer applied alongside of plant rows on the surface and subsurface (through furrows). To evaluate the punching mechanism, we performed a kinematic simulation (puncher tip displacement and injection time interval), tests in a soil bin and ratoon cane field. Based on prototype operations, the average distance between applications was 300 mm, with an average depth up to 90 mm, which was similar to the design requirements. Regarding results of liquid N fertilization methods in a ratoon cane field, we found that the incorporation treatments (soil punching and subsurface application through furrows) achieved slightly better cane yield (98-96 Mg ha À1) when compared to the surface application (91 Mg ha À1) and control treatment (75 Mg ha À1). In general, the soil punching was considered as a promising alternative method for supplying liquid fertilizer at the subsurface using low-energy power (approximately 745 W) with minimal environmental impact. 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
RESUMENObjetivo. Comparar las características morfológicas de células normales y cancerosas deriv... more RESUMENObjetivo. Comparar las características morfológicas de células normales y cancerosas derivadas de glándulas mamarias de las especies humana y canina. Materiales y métodos. Fueron colectadas 10 muestras de parénquima mamario normal y 14 de parénquima tumoral de la especie canina, así como seis muestras de parénquima mamario normal y tres de parénquima tumoral de la especie humana. Para el cultivo de células fue utilizada la técnica de cultivo de células de mamíferos y para la histoquímica la técnica de la avidina- biotina- peroxidasa, con utilización del anticuerpo monoclonal 32-2B (anti-desmogléina-1). Resultados. A los estudios histológicos y morfológicos las células de la glándula mamaria normal humana demostraron semejanzas con las células de la glándula mamaria normal canina. Se observó adhesión y proliferación de células normales en ambas especies por aproximadamente tres meses de cultivo. Las células normales de las especies humana y canina mostraron baja actividad de p...
Objective. Compare the morphological characteristics of normal and cancer cells derived from mamm... more Objective. Compare the morphological characteristics of normal and cancer cells derived from mammary glands of human and canine species. Materials and methods. 10 samples were collected of normal breast parenchyma and 14 from tumor parenchyma of the canine species, as well as six samples of normal breast parenchyma and three-tumor parenchyma of the human species. For the cell culture, a mammal cell culture technique was used, and, an avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique was used for the histochemical culture, with the use of monoclonal antibody 32-2B (anti-desmoglein-1). Results. With histological and morphological studies, the cells of the normal human mammary gland showed similarities with cells of normal canine mammary gland. Adhesion and proliferation of normal cells was observed in both species bin approximately three months of culture. Normal cells of human and canine species showed low proliferative activity when compared with cancerous cells of the species under study. Groups of epithelioid cells that adhered to the substrate of the two cultures had dependence on stromal cells, because as the fibroblastoid cells were removed, epithelioid cells stopped their growth. Conclusions. Comparing the results obtained by immuno-histochemical analysis of normal cells of women and bitches, it was possible to observe changes in the pattern of staining in cancer cells in both species, demonstrating that the structures related to cell adhesion (desmosomes) may be altered.
In order to investigate whether simultaneous or successive presentation of stimuli is related to ... more In order to investigate whether simultaneous or successive presentation of stimuli is related to the duration of eye fi xation (i.e., the time spent gazing a specifi c stimulus), this study described the eye movements of young adults in simultaneous and successive simple discrimination tasks. Using 12 landscape scenes as visual stimuli, three participants were exposed to a simple discrimination training with simultaneously presented stimuli (Si Procedure) and then to a second simple discrimination training with successively presented stimuli (Su Procedure). Another three participants were exposed to the Procedure in the opposite order. In both cases, the learning criterion was that at least 90% of the responses should be correct in one block. Eye movements were recorded during the whole experiment. Participants achieved the learning criteria in both procedures. Beyond that, eye fi xation time in the Su Procedure was higher than in the Si Procedure, regardless of the training sequence. Taken together with previous results in different experiments, our fi ndings suggest that the duration of eye fi xation plays a central role in the establishment of different stimulus control topographies.
Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, 2006
[85082-23-1] C6H8NO7V (MW 207.09) InChI = 1S/C6H5NO2.O2.2H2O.O.V/c8-6(9)5-3-1-2-4-7-5;1-2;;;;/h1-... more [85082-23-1] C6H8NO7V (MW 207.09) InChI = 1S/C6H5NO2.O2.2H2O.O.V/c8-6(9)5-3-1-2-4-7-5;1-2;;;;/h1-4H,(H,8,9);;2*1H2;;/q;-2;;;;+3/p-1 InChIKey = YLTIQCYEUSVXAM-UHFFFAOYSA-M (reagent used for the oxidation of hydrocarbons) Solubility: soluble in water, acetonitrile, methanol, dimethylformamide, hexamethylphosphorous triamide. Form Supplied in: red crystals. Analysis of Reagent Purity: the infrared spectrum exhibits absorptions at 975 cm−1 (oxo stretching vibration, ν(VO)), 935, 580, and 550 cm−1 (C2ν peroxo vibrations). The other infrared absorptions are assigned to coordinated water (broad absorption at 3300 cm−1) and to the bidentate 2-pyridinecarboxylate group (ν(CO)as at 1670 cm−1, ν(CO)s at 1380 cm−1). The 1H NMR in D2O reveals δ 7.5–8.5 (m, 3H), 9.5 (d, 1 H). The 51V NMR spectrum in water shows an intense line at δ −590 ppm (325 Hz), in MeOH at δ −553 ppm (350 Hz), and in CH3CN at δ −522 ppm (375 Hz). Preparative Methods: V2O5 (4.52 g, 25 mmol) and 2-pyridinecarboxylic acid (PicH, 6.15 g, 50 mmol) are dissolved at 0 °C in 20 mL of aq 30% H2O2 with continuous stirring for 4 h. (Caution: The reaction should be carried out in an open vessel and under rigorous temperature control in order to prevent H2O2 decomposition). The impure orange precipitate is filtered, rapidly washed with a minimum amount of ice-cold water and then with diethyl ether, and dried in vacuum. The yield is 90%. Purification: the powder is dissolved in a minimum amount of acetonitrile. The same amount of cyclooctane is added and the formation of red crystals is observed after several days. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: the complex is stable in a refrigerator in the solid state for several weeks. It is not explosive even when heated. No toxicity data are available.
Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, 2005
[251317-59-6] C26H42N5O6 (MW 571.59) InChI = 1S/C16H36N.2C5H4N2O2.2O.V/c1-5-9-13-17(14-10-6-2,15-... more [251317-59-6] C26H42N5O6 (MW 571.59) InChI = 1S/C16H36N.2C5H4N2O2.2O.V/c1-5-9-13-17(14-10-6-2,15-11-7-3)16-12-8-4;2*8-5(9)4-3-6-1-2-7-4;;;/h5-16H2,1-4H3;2*1-3H,(H,8,9);;;/q+1;;;;;+1/p-2 InChIKey = MGYMAVBALWNMFA-UHFFFAOYSA-L (reagent used for the oxidation of organic compounds) Physical Data: light yellow crystals. Solubility: soluble in water, acetonitrile, dichloromethane. Analysis of Reagent Purity: IR (cm−1): 862s, 873s, and 1668vs. 1H NMR (acetone-d6): δ 0.94 ppm (12 H, t, J = 7.5, CH3), 1.43 ppm (8 H, m, J = 7.3, CH2), 1.83 ppm (8 H, m, J = 7.5, CH2), 3.50 ppm (8H, m, J = 8.1, CH2), for NBu4+; 8.52 ppm (2 H, dd, J(H5–H3) = 1.46 and J(H5–H6) = 2.64, H5), 8.86 ppm (2 H, d, J(H6–H5) = 2.68, H6) and 9.18 ppm (2 H, d, J(H3–H5) = 1.48 Hz, H3) for pca ligand. 51V NMR (acetone-d6): δ −525 ppm. MS (electrospray, negative): m/z 329. Preparative Method: the reagent is easily synthesized and isolated by dissolving the compound NBu4VO3 (681 mg, 2 mmol) in 20 mL of CH3CN or water. After complete dissolution, pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (Hpca) (492 mg, 4 mmol) is added, and the solution is stirred under reflux for 5 h. After filtration of the green solution and evaporation of the solvent, a yellow-green powder is obtained which can be purified to obtain light yellow crystals in 61% yield. Purity: the powder is dissolved in the minimum quantity of CH2Cl2 and diluted with an equal quantity of cyclooctane, leading to the formation of light yellow crystals after a few days. Handling, Storage and Precaution: air stable complex. Potentially explosive when exposed to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of organic compounds at elevated temperatures.
reponame:Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional, Dec 7, 2018
Fecha de elaboración del Resumen: 14 06 2018 1.6.2. Implicaciones ambientales de los procesos de ... more Fecha de elaboración del Resumen: 14 06 2018 1.6.2. Implicaciones ambientales de los procesos de reconfiguración territorial…79 1.6.3. Relación de la gran minería con el fenómeno paramilitar……………………83 1.6.4. La figura de la utilidad pública: consagración legal del despojo y del desplazamiento forzado con fines de minería………………………………………..86 1.6.5. Activación de casos de despojo y desplazamiento forzado por grandes empresas mineras……………………………………………………………………….87 1.7. Estado del arte………………………………………………………………………89 1.7.1. Trabajos que realizan un diagnóstico general en torno a la minería……….90 1.7.2. Estudios de caso realizados por grupos de investigación…………………...92 1.7.3. Estudios de caso realizados por estudiantes universitarios…………………96 1.7.4. Síntesis del estado del arte…………………………………………………….101 1.8. Balance………………….………………………………………………………....103 CAPÍTULO 2: REVISIÓN CONCEPTUAL ALREDEDOR DEL MODELO DE DESARROLLO EXTRACTIVISTA Y DE LOS PROCESOS DE RECONFIGURACIÓN TERRITORIAL………………………………………………105 2.1. Alcances teóricos de la investigación…………………………………………...105 2.2. Características del modelo de desarrollo extractivista………………………..107 2.2.1. Modo de acumulación primario-extractivo……………………………………107 2.2.2. Lógica de enclave……………………………………………………………….108 2.2.2.1. Dependencia a la demanda externa………………………………………..108 2.2.3. Retórica desarrollista…………………………………………………………...109 2.2.3.1. Desarrollo como sinónimo de crecimiento económico……………………111 2.2.4. Desarrollo de fuera hacia adentro…………………………………………….113 2.2.5. Desarrollo desvinculado de otros sectores: dualismo estructural…………114 2.2.6. Emprendimientos de gran escala en expansión…………………………….115 2.2.6.1. Acumulación por desposesión………………………………………………117 2.2.6.2. Cambio de las estructuras de propiedad…………………………………..118 2.3. Territorio como concepto de análisis……………………………………………120 2.3.1. La tensión existente entre espacio y territorio……………………………….121 2.3.2. Producción económica del territorio…………………………………………..125 2.3.3. Tipos de territorio………………………………………………………………..126 2.3.4. Dominación: producción económica del territorio en uso del poder……..………………………………………………………………………………131 2.3.5. Apropiación: producción económica del territorio sin uso del poder……..………………………………………………………………………………135 2.3.6. La territorialidad y las prácticas territoriales………………………………….136 2.3.7. Representaciones del espacio y espacios de representación……………..138 2.3.8. La multiterritorialidad: diferentes apropiaciones y significaciones del territorio………………………………………………………………………………….141
Deep learning transformers have drastically improved systems that automatically answer questions ... more Deep learning transformers have drastically improved systems that automatically answer questions in natural language. However, different questions demand different answering techniques; here we propose, build and validate an architecture that integrates different modules to answer two distinct kinds of queries. Our architecture takes a free-form natural language text and classifies it to send it either to a Neural Question Answering Reasoner or a Natural Language parser to SQL. We implemented a complete system for the Portuguese language, using some of the main tools available for the language and translating training and testing datasets. Experiments show that our system selects the appropriate answering method with high accuracy (over 99%), thus validating a modular question answering strategy.
International journal of information technology, Jun 23, 2023
Long sequences of text are challenging in the context of transformers, due to quadratic memory in... more Long sequences of text are challenging in the context of transformers, due to quadratic memory increase in the self-attention mechanism. As this issue directly affects the translation from natural language to SQL queries (as techniques usually take as input a concatenated text with the question and the database schema), we present techniques that allow long text sequences to be handled by transformers with up to 512 input tokens. We propose a training process with database schema pruning (removal of tables and columns names that are useless for the query of interest). In addition, we used a multilingual approach with the mT5-large model fine-tuned with a data augmented Spider dataset in four languages simultaneously: English, Portuguese, Spanish and French. Our proposed technique used the Spider dataset and increased the exact set match accuracy results from 0.718 to 0.736 in a validation dataset (Dev). Source code, evaluations, and checkpoints are available at: https://github.com/C4AI/gap-text2sql.
The translation of natural language questions to SQL queries has attracted growing attention, in ... more The translation of natural language questions to SQL queries has attracted growing attention, in particular in connection with transformers and similar language models. A large number of techniques are geared towards the English language; in this work, we thus investigated translation to SQL when input questions are given in the Portuguese language. To do so, we properly adapted state-of-the-art tools and resources. We changed the RAT-SQL+GAP system by relying on a multilingual BART model (we report tests with other language models), and we produced a translated version of the Spider dataset. Our experiments expose interesting phenomena that arise when non-English languages are targeted; in particular, it is better to train with original and translated training datasets together, even if a single target language is desired. This multilingual BART model fine-tuned with a double-size training dataset (English and Portuguese) achieved 83% of the baseline, making inferences for the Portuguese test dataset. This investigation can help other researchers to produce results in Machine Learning in a language different from English. Our multilingual ready version of RAT-SQL+GAP and the data are available, open-sourced as mRAT-SQL+GAP at: https://github.com/C4AI/gap-text2sql.
We describe the first steps in the development of an artificial agent focused on the Brazilian ma... more We describe the first steps in the development of an artificial agent focused on the Brazilian maritime territory, a large region within the South Atlantic also known as the Blue Amazon. The "BLue Amazon Brain" (BLAB) integrates a number of services aimed at disseminating information about this region and its importance, functioning as a tool for environmental awareness. The main service provided by BLAB is a conversational facility that deals with complex questions about the Blue Amazon, called BLAB-Chat; its central component is a controller that manages several task-oriented natural language processing modules (e.g., question answering and summarizer systems). These modules have access to an internal data lake as well as to third-party databases. A news reporter (BLAB-Reporter) and a purposely-developed wiki (BLAB-Wiki) are also part of the BLAB service architecture. In this paper, we describe our current version of BLAB's architecture (interface, backend, web services, NLP modules, and resources) and comment on the challenges we have faced so far, such as the lack of training data and the scattered state of domain information. Solving these issues presents a considerable challenge in the development of artificial intelligence for technical domains.
Objectives. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the dynamic behaviour of digital skin m... more Objectives. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the dynamic behaviour of digital skin micro-vascular blood flow before and after cold stimulation using laser Doppler imaging (LDI) in children and adolescents with RP secondary to juvenile systemic sclerosis (JSS), primary RP (PRP) and healthy con-trols and to compare functional abnormalities measured by LDI with structural microvascular abnormalities evaluated by nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC). Methods. Five JSS patients, five children and adolescents with PRP and five healthy controls matched for gender and age were included. All subjects had NFC performed. Finger blood flow (FBF) was measured using the LDI system (Moor Instruments) at baseline and after cold stimulus (CS). Results. There were a decreased number of capillaries, a greater number of enlarged capillaries and a higher deletion score in JSS patients compared with controls and patients with PRP. The mean baseline FBF was significantly lower in JSS patients compar...
Objectives. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the dynamic behaviour of digital skin m... more Objectives. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the dynamic behaviour of digital skin micro-vascular blood flow before and after cold stimulation using laser Doppler imaging (LDI) in children and adolescents with RP secondary to juvenile systemic sclerosis (JSS), primary RP (PRP) and healthy con-trols and to compare functional abnormalities measured by LDI with structural microvascular abnormalities evaluated by nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC). Methods. Five JSS patients, five children and adolescents with PRP and five healthy controls matched for gender and age were included. All subjects had NFC performed. Finger blood flow (FBF) was measured using the LDI system (Moor Instruments) at baseline and after cold stimulus (CS). Results. There were a decreased number of capillaries, a greater number of enlarged capillaries and a higher deletion score in JSS patients compared with controls and patients with PRP. The mean baseline FBF was significantly lower in JSS patients compar...
O presente estudo investiga a adequação de uma metodologia de previsão de preços para a manga Tom... more O presente estudo investiga a adequação de uma metodologia de previsão de preços para a manga Tommy e a uva Itália, produzidas e comercializadas no Vale do São Francisco, através da utilização das técnicas de Análise de Séries Temporais. Foram coletados e calculados, junto aos registros da Secretaria de Agricultura do Estado da Bahia, os preços médios mensais destes produtos entre 2002 e 2008, totalizando uma amostra de 84 períodos. Para a interpretação dos resultados, foram utilizados os modelos de previsão Holt-Winters e ARIMA. Os resultados indicam, dentre outras coisas, uma estacionariedade no preço da manga e uma tendência de aumento no preço da uva. A metodologia desenvolvida pôde ser considerada válida, pois forneceu os menores erros quadráticos de previsão por meio da suavização exponencial aditiva para a uva Itália (Holt-Winters) e o modelo ARIMA(2,0,1) para a manga Tommy. Sugestões de novos estudos são elaboradas ao final do artigo.
Treball Final de Grau en Criminologia i Seguretat. Codi: CS1044. Curs: 2018-2019El extremismo vio... more Treball Final de Grau en Criminologia i Seguretat. Codi: CS1044. Curs: 2018-2019El extremismo violento es un fenómeno transversal que polariza a la ciudadanía y dificulta la pacífica convivencia y disfrute de los derechos y libertades públicas. Actualmente no existe consenso en lo referido a su definición, los elementos que lo componen ni las variables que interactúan en el mismo. La prevención del fenómeno del extremismo violento es necesaria para mitigar el daño que causa. En España esta área de estudio es relativamente reciente y por tanto se estima necesario recopilar y conocer las evidencias científicas más actuales y las iniciativas y buenas prácticas llevadas a cabo por parte de las autoridades, entidades públicas y privadas, tanto en nuestro país como en el extranjero. Por ello, se ha realizado una amplia revisión bibliográfica y se ha recopilado información proveniente de actores que hacen frente a esta problemática en su práctica diaria, poniendo especial énfasis en las iniciativas de prevención primaria y secundaria. El objetivo último de este documento es adquirir una visión panorámica de este fenómeno y plasmar ideas o buenas prácticas susceptibles de llevarse a cabo en nuestro país especialmente a nivel local.Violent extremism is a phenomenon which polarize the citizens and make harder the peaceful communal living and the enjoyment of our rights and freedoms. Nowadays, does not exist consensus in the definition, the elements that compose it or the variables that interact in it. In Spain that research field its relatively recent so therefore its necessary to collect and know the initiatives and good practices in this study area from authorities and also other public and private organizations, inside our borders or overseas. For this reason, a bibliographic review has been carried out and information had been collected from first line practitioners that daily deal with that issue, with special emphasis on primary and secondary prevention initiatives. The main goal of that text its acquire a global view of that issue and translate the ideas or good practices that could be carried out in our country, especially at local level
The study aimed to survey the marine litter present on Boa Viagem beach (Recife, Pernambuco State... more The study aimed to survey the marine litter present on Boa Viagem beach (Recife, Pernambuco State), in association with the use of the beach. Two areas with different characteristics were used. Three transects (10 x 15 m each) in each area were delimited, and sampling took place during two months, August and October (three Sundays each month). The beach users present within transect were counted in two different hours and all residues (> 2 cm) were collected and classified in manufacturing and food groups. Manufactured items were subdivided into categories according to material. The studied areas, although relatively close, were very different with respect to almost all parameters studied. In the Area 2 the number of beach users was 100% higher than in Area 1, and the total quantity of marine debris was 12 times more. The percentages were very similar between manufactured (~58%) and foods (42%) groups. The prevalence of plastics followed a pattern already observed in other survey...
Sugarcane is a semi-perennial crop that is cultivated for five or six harvest cycles before repla... more Sugarcane is a semi-perennial crop that is cultivated for five or six harvest cycles before replanting. Following annual mechanized harvest, nitrogen (N) fertilizer is commonly applied during the ratoon cane sprouting phase through furrows along the side of plant rows (subsurface application) or banded on the surface. With subsurface application, mechanical operations are hampered by the trash coverage that remains after harvest; furthermore, opening furrows can partially damage roots. However, with soil surface application, nutrient uptake efficiency is decreased as a result of microbial immobilization and losses through ammonia volatilization and runoff. Thus, to achieve subsurface application for ratoon cane with minimal mobilization of the system (soil, straw and roots), this work aimed to (i) develop and evaluate a mechanical prototype that enables a soil punching process in ratoon cane and (ii) evaluate the cane yield using the soil punching method for liquid N fertilizer injection compared to liquid N fertilizer applied alongside of plant rows on the surface and subsurface (through furrows). To evaluate the punching mechanism, we performed a kinematic simulation (puncher tip displacement and injection time interval), tests in a soil bin and ratoon cane field. Based on prototype operations, the average distance between applications was 300 mm, with an average depth up to 90 mm, which was similar to the design requirements. Regarding results of liquid N fertilization methods in a ratoon cane field, we found that the incorporation treatments (soil punching and subsurface application through furrows) achieved slightly better cane yield (98-96 Mg ha À1) when compared to the surface application (91 Mg ha À1) and control treatment (75 Mg ha À1). In general, the soil punching was considered as a promising alternative method for supplying liquid fertilizer at the subsurface using low-energy power (approximately 745 W) with minimal environmental impact. 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
RESUMENObjetivo. Comparar las características morfológicas de células normales y cancerosas deriv... more RESUMENObjetivo. Comparar las características morfológicas de células normales y cancerosas derivadas de glándulas mamarias de las especies humana y canina. Materiales y métodos. Fueron colectadas 10 muestras de parénquima mamario normal y 14 de parénquima tumoral de la especie canina, así como seis muestras de parénquima mamario normal y tres de parénquima tumoral de la especie humana. Para el cultivo de células fue utilizada la técnica de cultivo de células de mamíferos y para la histoquímica la técnica de la avidina- biotina- peroxidasa, con utilización del anticuerpo monoclonal 32-2B (anti-desmogléina-1). Resultados. A los estudios histológicos y morfológicos las células de la glándula mamaria normal humana demostraron semejanzas con las células de la glándula mamaria normal canina. Se observó adhesión y proliferación de células normales en ambas especies por aproximadamente tres meses de cultivo. Las células normales de las especies humana y canina mostraron baja actividad de p...
Objective. Compare the morphological characteristics of normal and cancer cells derived from mamm... more Objective. Compare the morphological characteristics of normal and cancer cells derived from mammary glands of human and canine species. Materials and methods. 10 samples were collected of normal breast parenchyma and 14 from tumor parenchyma of the canine species, as well as six samples of normal breast parenchyma and three-tumor parenchyma of the human species. For the cell culture, a mammal cell culture technique was used, and, an avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique was used for the histochemical culture, with the use of monoclonal antibody 32-2B (anti-desmoglein-1). Results. With histological and morphological studies, the cells of the normal human mammary gland showed similarities with cells of normal canine mammary gland. Adhesion and proliferation of normal cells was observed in both species bin approximately three months of culture. Normal cells of human and canine species showed low proliferative activity when compared with cancerous cells of the species under study. Groups of epithelioid cells that adhered to the substrate of the two cultures had dependence on stromal cells, because as the fibroblastoid cells were removed, epithelioid cells stopped their growth. Conclusions. Comparing the results obtained by immuno-histochemical analysis of normal cells of women and bitches, it was possible to observe changes in the pattern of staining in cancer cells in both species, demonstrating that the structures related to cell adhesion (desmosomes) may be altered.
In order to investigate whether simultaneous or successive presentation of stimuli is related to ... more In order to investigate whether simultaneous or successive presentation of stimuli is related to the duration of eye fi xation (i.e., the time spent gazing a specifi c stimulus), this study described the eye movements of young adults in simultaneous and successive simple discrimination tasks. Using 12 landscape scenes as visual stimuli, three participants were exposed to a simple discrimination training with simultaneously presented stimuli (Si Procedure) and then to a second simple discrimination training with successively presented stimuli (Su Procedure). Another three participants were exposed to the Procedure in the opposite order. In both cases, the learning criterion was that at least 90% of the responses should be correct in one block. Eye movements were recorded during the whole experiment. Participants achieved the learning criteria in both procedures. Beyond that, eye fi xation time in the Su Procedure was higher than in the Si Procedure, regardless of the training sequence. Taken together with previous results in different experiments, our fi ndings suggest that the duration of eye fi xation plays a central role in the establishment of different stimulus control topographies.
Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, 2006
[85082-23-1] C6H8NO7V (MW 207.09) InChI = 1S/C6H5NO2.O2.2H2O.O.V/c8-6(9)5-3-1-2-4-7-5;1-2;;;;/h1-... more [85082-23-1] C6H8NO7V (MW 207.09) InChI = 1S/C6H5NO2.O2.2H2O.O.V/c8-6(9)5-3-1-2-4-7-5;1-2;;;;/h1-4H,(H,8,9);;2*1H2;;/q;-2;;;;+3/p-1 InChIKey = YLTIQCYEUSVXAM-UHFFFAOYSA-M (reagent used for the oxidation of hydrocarbons) Solubility: soluble in water, acetonitrile, methanol, dimethylformamide, hexamethylphosphorous triamide. Form Supplied in: red crystals. Analysis of Reagent Purity: the infrared spectrum exhibits absorptions at 975 cm−1 (oxo stretching vibration, ν(VO)), 935, 580, and 550 cm−1 (C2ν peroxo vibrations). The other infrared absorptions are assigned to coordinated water (broad absorption at 3300 cm−1) and to the bidentate 2-pyridinecarboxylate group (ν(CO)as at 1670 cm−1, ν(CO)s at 1380 cm−1). The 1H NMR in D2O reveals δ 7.5–8.5 (m, 3H), 9.5 (d, 1 H). The 51V NMR spectrum in water shows an intense line at δ −590 ppm (325 Hz), in MeOH at δ −553 ppm (350 Hz), and in CH3CN at δ −522 ppm (375 Hz). Preparative Methods: V2O5 (4.52 g, 25 mmol) and 2-pyridinecarboxylic acid (PicH, 6.15 g, 50 mmol) are dissolved at 0 °C in 20 mL of aq 30% H2O2 with continuous stirring for 4 h. (Caution: The reaction should be carried out in an open vessel and under rigorous temperature control in order to prevent H2O2 decomposition). The impure orange precipitate is filtered, rapidly washed with a minimum amount of ice-cold water and then with diethyl ether, and dried in vacuum. The yield is 90%. Purification: the powder is dissolved in a minimum amount of acetonitrile. The same amount of cyclooctane is added and the formation of red crystals is observed after several days. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: the complex is stable in a refrigerator in the solid state for several weeks. It is not explosive even when heated. No toxicity data are available.
Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, 2005
[251317-59-6] C26H42N5O6 (MW 571.59) InChI = 1S/C16H36N.2C5H4N2O2.2O.V/c1-5-9-13-17(14-10-6-2,15-... more [251317-59-6] C26H42N5O6 (MW 571.59) InChI = 1S/C16H36N.2C5H4N2O2.2O.V/c1-5-9-13-17(14-10-6-2,15-11-7-3)16-12-8-4;2*8-5(9)4-3-6-1-2-7-4;;;/h5-16H2,1-4H3;2*1-3H,(H,8,9);;;/q+1;;;;;+1/p-2 InChIKey = MGYMAVBALWNMFA-UHFFFAOYSA-L (reagent used for the oxidation of organic compounds) Physical Data: light yellow crystals. Solubility: soluble in water, acetonitrile, dichloromethane. Analysis of Reagent Purity: IR (cm−1): 862s, 873s, and 1668vs. 1H NMR (acetone-d6): δ 0.94 ppm (12 H, t, J = 7.5, CH3), 1.43 ppm (8 H, m, J = 7.3, CH2), 1.83 ppm (8 H, m, J = 7.5, CH2), 3.50 ppm (8H, m, J = 8.1, CH2), for NBu4+; 8.52 ppm (2 H, dd, J(H5–H3) = 1.46 and J(H5–H6) = 2.64, H5), 8.86 ppm (2 H, d, J(H6–H5) = 2.68, H6) and 9.18 ppm (2 H, d, J(H3–H5) = 1.48 Hz, H3) for pca ligand. 51V NMR (acetone-d6): δ −525 ppm. MS (electrospray, negative): m/z 329. Preparative Method: the reagent is easily synthesized and isolated by dissolving the compound NBu4VO3 (681 mg, 2 mmol) in 20 mL of CH3CN or water. After complete dissolution, pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (Hpca) (492 mg, 4 mmol) is added, and the solution is stirred under reflux for 5 h. After filtration of the green solution and evaporation of the solvent, a yellow-green powder is obtained which can be purified to obtain light yellow crystals in 61% yield. Purity: the powder is dissolved in the minimum quantity of CH2Cl2 and diluted with an equal quantity of cyclooctane, leading to the formation of light yellow crystals after a few days. Handling, Storage and Precaution: air stable complex. Potentially explosive when exposed to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of organic compounds at elevated temperatures.
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