Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Apr 27, 2022
Stephania epigaea, an important traditional folk medicinal plant, elucidating its bioactive compo... more Stephania epigaea, an important traditional folk medicinal plant, elucidating its bioactive compound profles and their molecular mechanisms of action on human health, would better understand its traditional therapies and guide their use in preclinical and clinical. Tis study aims to detect the critical therapeutic compounds, predict their targets, and explore potential therapeutic molecular mechanisms. Tis work frst determined metabolites from roots, stems, and fowering twigs of S. epigaea by a widely targeted metabolomic analysis assay. Ten, the drug likeness of the compounds and their pharmacokinetic profles were screened by the ADMETlab server. Te target proteins of active compounds were further analyzed by PPI combing with GO and KEGG cluster enrichment analysis. Finally, the interaction networks between essential compounds, targets, and disease-associated pathways were constructed, and the essential compounds binding to their possible target proteins were verifed by molecular docking. Five key target proteins (EGFR, HSP90AA1, SRC, TNF, and CASP3) and twelve correlated metabolites, including aknadinine, cephakicine, homostephanoline, and N-methylliriodendronine associated with medical applications of S. epigaea, were identifed, and the compounds and protein interactions were verifed. Te key active ingredients are mainly accumulated in the root, which indicates that the root is the main medicinal tissue. Tis study demonstrated that S. epigaea might exert the desired disease efcacy mainly through twelve components interacting via fve essential target proteins. EGFR is the most critical one, which deserves further verifcation by biological studies.
Bacillus subtilis XF-1 (CGMCC No. 2357), a patent strain with good effects for controlling the cl... more Bacillus subtilis XF-1 (CGMCC No. 2357), a patent strain with good effects for controlling the clubroot of crucifer and many pathogenic fungi, was predicted to produce cyclic lipopeptide (CLP) antibiotics based on its genomic analysis. In this study, the CLPs were purified and determined with the following protocol: the supernatant of XF-1 cultivating mixture was firstly precipitated, then the precipitants were extracted with methanol and further separated by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography to test its antifungal activities. Fungi-inhibiting fractions were further characterized with LC/ESI-MS and LC/ESI-MS/MS. The results show that four molecular ion peaks [M+H]+ (m/z 1,464, 1,478, 1,492 and 1,506) from fungi suppression fraction were identified as fengycin A with fatty acid of C16–C19, fengycin B (C14–C17), fengycin C (C15–C18), fengycin D (C15–C18) and fengycin S (C15–C18). Fengycin C (C15 and C18), fengycin D (C15, C16 and C18) and fengycin S (C15, C16 and C18) were reported for the first time. The diversity of the fengycins that exist in this strain will help the elucidation of their biocontrol mechanisms.
In October 2011, a new disease of dragon fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis) was discovered in a fru... more In October 2011, a new disease of dragon fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis) was discovered in a fruit market in Yuanjiang, Yunnan Province, China. Small, light brown, water-soaked spots appeared initially and then coalesced, extending to the entire fruit in 6 days. Hyaline hyphae and light brown sporangia were observed over the entire surface of the infected fruit. On potato sucrose agar (PSA) the fungus produced a white, appressed colony that covered a 9-cm diameter petri dish in less than 5 days at 25°C. The sporangiophores were hyaline, light brown to grayish, 44.71 to 143.14 (average = 85.10) μm long, and arose directly from the non-septate substrate hyphae. The sporangia were spherical, single, and terminal and yellow-brown to brown when young turning to dark brown or black at maturity. Both the sporangiophores and sporangia were covered with calcium oxalate crystals. When mounted in a drop of water, the sporangium immediately broke longitudinally into two halves, releasing the s...
Journal of Asian natural products research, Jan 11, 2015
Two new acetylenic compounds, asparoffins A (1) and B (2), together with two known compounds, nya... more Two new acetylenic compounds, asparoffins A (1) and B (2), together with two known compounds, nyasol (3) and 3″-methoxynyasol (4), were isolated from stems of Asparagus officinalis. The structures of two new compounds were elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analyses (UV, IR, MS, 1D, and 2D NMR). All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicities against three human cancer cell lines.
Journal of Asian natural products research, Jan 13, 2016
Two new phenolic acid compounds, asparoffin C (1) and asparoffin D (2), together with four known ... more Two new phenolic acid compounds, asparoffin C (1) and asparoffin D (2), together with four known compounds, asparenyol (3), gobicusin B (4), 1-methoxy-2-hydroxy-4-[5-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-3-penten-1-ynyl] phenol (5), and asparinin A (6), have been isolated from the stems of Asparagus officinalis. The structures were established by extensive spectroscopic methods (MS and 1D and 2D NMR). Compound 6 has obvious antitumor activities both in vitro and in vivo.
Background: Asparagus officinalis L. is a worldwide cultivated vegetable enrichening in both nutr... more Background: Asparagus officinalis L. is a worldwide cultivated vegetable enrichening in both nutrient and steroidal saponins with multiple pharmacological activities. The upstream biosynthetic pathway of steroidal saponins (USSP) for cholesterol (CHOL) synthesis has been studied, while the downstream pathway of steroidal saponins (DSSP) starting from cholesteroland its regulation in asparagus remained unknown. Results: Metabolomics, Illumina RNAseq and PacBio IsoSeq strategies were applied to different organs of both cultivated green and purple asparagus to detect the steroidal metabolite profiles & contents and to screen their key genes for biosynthesis and regulation. The results showed that there is a total of 427 compounds, among which 18 steroids were detected with fluctuated concentrations in roots, spears and flowering twigs of two garden asparagus cultivars. The key genes of DSSP include steroid-16-hydroxylase (S16H), steroid-22-hydroxylase (S22H) and steroid-22-oxidase-16-h...
[ES] Con el presente trabajo se pretende realizar un análisis de la situación actual de la indust... more [ES] Con el presente trabajo se pretende realizar un análisis de la situación actual de la industria del automóvil en China, desde diferentes perspectivas. Para alcanzar este objetivo principal se proponen una serie de objetivos parciales. Estos objetivos son los siguientes: Explorar la evolución de la economía en China mediante un análisis de las cifras macroeconómicas. Explicar la relación entre el desarrollo de la industria del automóvil de China y los diferentes factores macroeconómicos. Explicar la historia del desarrollo de la industria del automóvil en China. Analizar la industria automotriz desde un punto de vista macroeconómico orientado al mercado. Explorar el desarrollo de la tecnología del automóvil Explorar la globalización de la competencia de la industria automotriz. Comentar los efectos de la globalización sobre la industria china. Explorar el desarrollo de la investigación y la planificación de la industria automóvil de China. Analizar el problema del desarrollo de la industria automotriz de ChinaMao, Z. (2017). Evolución y perspectivas de la industria de la automoción en China. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/80046.TFG
(3). The strain suppresses a broad spectrum of patho-genicfungi;promotesgrowthandrootingofcropsan... more (3). The strain suppresses a broad spectrum of patho-genicfungi;promotesgrowthandrootingofcropsandvegetables;improves the drought tolerance of wheat, corn, and broad bean;and reduces the number of nematodes at tomato and tobaccoroots (Y. He, unpublished data).Genomic DNA prepared from YAU B9601-Y2 was used forconstruction of a 3-kb-long paired-end library with a GS FLXlibrary preparation kit in combination with GS FLX paired-endadaptors (both Roche, Mannheim, Germany) according to themanufacturer’s protocol. The reads were assembled using the GS
Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2012
Bacillus subtilis XF-1 (CGMCC No. 2357), a patent strain with good effects for controlling the cl... more Bacillus subtilis XF-1 (CGMCC No. 2357), a patent strain with good effects for controlling the clubroot of crucifer and many pathogenic fungi, was predicted to produce cyclic lipopeptide (CLP) antibiotics based on its genomic analysis. In this study, the CLPs were purified and determined with the following protocol: the supernatant of XF-1 cultivating mixture was firstly precipitated, then the precipitants were extracted with methanol and further separated by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography to test its antifungal activities. Fungi-inhibiting fractions were further characterized with LC/ESI-MS and LC/ESI-MS/MS. The results show that four molecular ion peaks [M+H]⁺ (m/z 1,464, 1,478, 1,492 and 1,506) from fungi suppression fraction were identified as fengycin A with fatty acid of C₁₆-C₁₉, fengycin B (C₁₄-C₁₇), fengycin C (C₁₅-C₁₈), fengycin D (C₁₅-C₁₈) and fengycin S (C₁₅-C₁₈). Fengycin C (C₁₅ and C₁₈), fengycin D (C₁₅, C₁₆ and C₁₈) and fengycin S (C₁₅, C₁₆ and C₁₈) were reported for the first time. The diversity of the fengycins that exist in this strain will help the elucidation of their biocontrol mechanisms.
Zymomonas mobilis is a superb ethanol producer with productivity exceeding yeast strains by sever... more Zymomonas mobilis is a superb ethanol producer with productivity exceeding yeast strains by several fold. Although metabolic engineering was successfully applied to expand its substrate range to include xylose, xylose fermentation lagged far behind glucose. In addition, xylose fermentation was often incomplete when its initial concentration was higher than 5%. Improvement of xylose fermentation is therefore necessary. In this work, we applied adaptation to improve xylose fermentation in metabolically engineered strains. As a result of adaptation over 80 days and 30 serial transfers in a medium containing high concentration of xylose, a strain, referred as A3, with markedly improved xylose metabolism was obtained. The strain was able to grow on 10% (w/v) xylose and rapidly ferment xylose to ethanol within 2 days and retained high ethanol yield. Similarly, in mixed glucose-xylose fermentation, a total of 9% (w/v) ethanol was obtained from two doses of 5% glucose and 5% xylose (or a total of 10% glucose and 10% xylose). Further investigation reveals evidence for an altered xylitol metabolism in A3 with reduced xylitol formation. Additionally xylitol tolerance in A3 was increased. Furthermore, xylose isomerase activity was increased by several times in A3, allowing cells to channel more xylose to ethanol than to xylitol. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that altered xylitol metabolism is key to improved xylose metabolism in adapted A3 strain. This work further demonstrates that adaptation and metabolic engineering can be used synergistically for strain improvement.
Curdlan is an important glucan that is extensively used in food and pharmaceutical industries for... more Curdlan is an important glucan that is extensively used in food and pharmaceutical industries for production of food and medicines, and its natural producer is the Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 31749.Understanding its complete genome will provide great insights for the scientific community and industrial producers of curdlan. This study provides comprehensive knowledge of the genome architecture of Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 31749, highlighting the genetic basis for which Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 31749 effectively produces curdlan and the evolutionary relationships of Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 31749 with other species within the family Rhizobiaceae. Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 31749 produces curdlan as a protective glucan to protect itself against unfavourable conditions. The complete genome structure of Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 931749 consists of two small circular plasmids, one large primary chromosome and one secondary chromosome. Genes that are responsible for housekeeping activities and basic life pr...
Statistical experimental design was used to optimize the conditions viz. Ethanol, Ammonium phosph... more Statistical experimental design was used to optimize the conditions viz. Ethanol, Ammonium phosphate and Biotin concentration of L-Glutamic acid from Brevibacterium roseum NCIM 2238 by submerged fermentation. Maximum L-Glutamic acid concentration of 53.01621 g/l was obtained. The optimum conditions were found to be ethanol concentration of 5.3646 %v/v, ammonium phosphate of 0.7081 %w/v and biotin concentration of 1.6735 μg/ml. Glutamic acid production was also effectively promoted by optimizing the medium composition using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Basically, this optimization process involves three major steps: performing the statistically designed experiments, estimating the coefficients in the mathematical model, and predicting the response and checking the adequacy of the model. Thus, by using SmF process with Brevibacterium roseum, the Central Composite Design (CCD) was found to be the most favorable strategy for investigating with respect to L-Glutamic acid productio...
Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth (Patchouli) is a native plant in the tropical region in Asia and... more Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth (Patchouli) is a native plant in the tropical region in Asia and has been extensively cultivated in China, India, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, Mauritius and West Africa as an important cash crop. The patchouli oil extracted from the plant is used in perfumery industry. It is also employed as a flavor ingredient in many food products such as alcoholic beverages, candies, baked foods and meat products. The fresh leaves are used in decoction as the traditional Chinese medicine to treat nausea, diarrhea, cold and headaches. It is reported that P. cablin functions as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger in the oxidant-induced cell death in human neuroglioma cells (3). Although R. solanacearum is responsible for the diseases in more than 200 plant species, including some legumes such as Medicago truncatula (6), there is no report on its infection of P. cablin in China and Myanmar.
Panax notoginseng (2n = 2x = 24), reputed as a valuable medicinal plant, belongs to the Araliacea... more Panax notoginseng (2n = 2x = 24), reputed as a valuable medicinal plant, belongs to the Araliaceae family(Figure 1a). P. notoginseng has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine with obvious efficacy and favorable safety. Currently, P. notoginseng is an important material of many well-known Chinese patent medicines including Xuesaitong, Yunnan Baiyao, Comopound Danshen Dripping Pills (Xu et al., 2019).
Tomato/potato heterografting-triggered phenotypic variations are well documented, yet the molecul... more Tomato/potato heterografting-triggered phenotypic variations are well documented, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying grafting-induced phenotypic processes remain unknown. To investigate the phenotypic and transcriptomic responses of grafting parents in heterografting in comparison with self-grafting, tomato (Sl) was grafted onto potato rootstocks (St), and comparative phenotyping and transcriptome profiling were performed. Phenotypic analysis showed that Sl/St heterografting induced few phenotypic changes in the tomato scion. A total of 209 upregulated genes were identified in the tomato scion, some of which appear to be involved in starch and sucrose biosynthesis. Sl/St heterografting induced several modifications in the potato rootstocks (St-R), stolon number, stolon length and tuber number decreased significantly, together with an increase in GA3 content of stolon and tuber, compared with self-grafted potato (St-WT). These results indicate that the tomato scion is less effective at producing substances or signals to induce tuberization but promotes stolon development into aerial stems and sprouting. RNA-Seq data analysis showed that 1529 genes were upregulated and 1329 downregulated between St-WT and St-R; some of these genes are involved in plant hormone signal transduction, with GID1-like gibberellin receptor (StGID1) and DELLA protein (StDELLA) being upregulated. Several genes in auxin, abscisic acid and ethylene pathways were differentially expressed as well. Various hormone signals engage in crosstalk to regulate diverse phenotypic events after grafting. This work provides abundant transcriptome profile data and lays a foundation for further research on the molecular mechanisms underlying RNA-based interactions between rootstocks and scions after tomato/potato heterografting.
Sex chromosomes evolved from autosomes many times across the eukaryote phylogeny. Several models ... more Sex chromosomes evolved from autosomes many times across the eukaryote phylogeny. Several models have been proposed to explain this transition, some involving male and female sterility mutations linked in a region of suppressed recombination between X and Y (or Z/W, U/V) chromosomes. Comparative and experimental analysis of a reference genome assembly for a double haploid YY male garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) individual implicates separate but linked genes as responsible for sex determination. Dioecy has evolved recently within Asparagus and sex chromosomes are cytogenetically identical with the Y, harboring a megabase segment that is missing from the X. We show that deletion of this entire region results in a male-to-female conversion, whereas loss of a single suppressor of female development drives male-to-hermaphrodite conversion. A single copy anther-specific gene with a male sterile Arabidopsis knockout phenotype is also in the Y-specific region, supporting a two-...
Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Apr 27, 2022
Stephania epigaea, an important traditional folk medicinal plant, elucidating its bioactive compo... more Stephania epigaea, an important traditional folk medicinal plant, elucidating its bioactive compound profles and their molecular mechanisms of action on human health, would better understand its traditional therapies and guide their use in preclinical and clinical. Tis study aims to detect the critical therapeutic compounds, predict their targets, and explore potential therapeutic molecular mechanisms. Tis work frst determined metabolites from roots, stems, and fowering twigs of S. epigaea by a widely targeted metabolomic analysis assay. Ten, the drug likeness of the compounds and their pharmacokinetic profles were screened by the ADMETlab server. Te target proteins of active compounds were further analyzed by PPI combing with GO and KEGG cluster enrichment analysis. Finally, the interaction networks between essential compounds, targets, and disease-associated pathways were constructed, and the essential compounds binding to their possible target proteins were verifed by molecular docking. Five key target proteins (EGFR, HSP90AA1, SRC, TNF, and CASP3) and twelve correlated metabolites, including aknadinine, cephakicine, homostephanoline, and N-methylliriodendronine associated with medical applications of S. epigaea, were identifed, and the compounds and protein interactions were verifed. Te key active ingredients are mainly accumulated in the root, which indicates that the root is the main medicinal tissue. Tis study demonstrated that S. epigaea might exert the desired disease efcacy mainly through twelve components interacting via fve essential target proteins. EGFR is the most critical one, which deserves further verifcation by biological studies.
Bacillus subtilis XF-1 (CGMCC No. 2357), a patent strain with good effects for controlling the cl... more Bacillus subtilis XF-1 (CGMCC No. 2357), a patent strain with good effects for controlling the clubroot of crucifer and many pathogenic fungi, was predicted to produce cyclic lipopeptide (CLP) antibiotics based on its genomic analysis. In this study, the CLPs were purified and determined with the following protocol: the supernatant of XF-1 cultivating mixture was firstly precipitated, then the precipitants were extracted with methanol and further separated by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography to test its antifungal activities. Fungi-inhibiting fractions were further characterized with LC/ESI-MS and LC/ESI-MS/MS. The results show that four molecular ion peaks [M+H]+ (m/z 1,464, 1,478, 1,492 and 1,506) from fungi suppression fraction were identified as fengycin A with fatty acid of C16–C19, fengycin B (C14–C17), fengycin C (C15–C18), fengycin D (C15–C18) and fengycin S (C15–C18). Fengycin C (C15 and C18), fengycin D (C15, C16 and C18) and fengycin S (C15, C16 and C18) were reported for the first time. The diversity of the fengycins that exist in this strain will help the elucidation of their biocontrol mechanisms.
In October 2011, a new disease of dragon fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis) was discovered in a fru... more In October 2011, a new disease of dragon fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis) was discovered in a fruit market in Yuanjiang, Yunnan Province, China. Small, light brown, water-soaked spots appeared initially and then coalesced, extending to the entire fruit in 6 days. Hyaline hyphae and light brown sporangia were observed over the entire surface of the infected fruit. On potato sucrose agar (PSA) the fungus produced a white, appressed colony that covered a 9-cm diameter petri dish in less than 5 days at 25°C. The sporangiophores were hyaline, light brown to grayish, 44.71 to 143.14 (average = 85.10) μm long, and arose directly from the non-septate substrate hyphae. The sporangia were spherical, single, and terminal and yellow-brown to brown when young turning to dark brown or black at maturity. Both the sporangiophores and sporangia were covered with calcium oxalate crystals. When mounted in a drop of water, the sporangium immediately broke longitudinally into two halves, releasing the s...
Journal of Asian natural products research, Jan 11, 2015
Two new acetylenic compounds, asparoffins A (1) and B (2), together with two known compounds, nya... more Two new acetylenic compounds, asparoffins A (1) and B (2), together with two known compounds, nyasol (3) and 3″-methoxynyasol (4), were isolated from stems of Asparagus officinalis. The structures of two new compounds were elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analyses (UV, IR, MS, 1D, and 2D NMR). All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicities against three human cancer cell lines.
Journal of Asian natural products research, Jan 13, 2016
Two new phenolic acid compounds, asparoffin C (1) and asparoffin D (2), together with four known ... more Two new phenolic acid compounds, asparoffin C (1) and asparoffin D (2), together with four known compounds, asparenyol (3), gobicusin B (4), 1-methoxy-2-hydroxy-4-[5-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-3-penten-1-ynyl] phenol (5), and asparinin A (6), have been isolated from the stems of Asparagus officinalis. The structures were established by extensive spectroscopic methods (MS and 1D and 2D NMR). Compound 6 has obvious antitumor activities both in vitro and in vivo.
Background: Asparagus officinalis L. is a worldwide cultivated vegetable enrichening in both nutr... more Background: Asparagus officinalis L. is a worldwide cultivated vegetable enrichening in both nutrient and steroidal saponins with multiple pharmacological activities. The upstream biosynthetic pathway of steroidal saponins (USSP) for cholesterol (CHOL) synthesis has been studied, while the downstream pathway of steroidal saponins (DSSP) starting from cholesteroland its regulation in asparagus remained unknown. Results: Metabolomics, Illumina RNAseq and PacBio IsoSeq strategies were applied to different organs of both cultivated green and purple asparagus to detect the steroidal metabolite profiles & contents and to screen their key genes for biosynthesis and regulation. The results showed that there is a total of 427 compounds, among which 18 steroids were detected with fluctuated concentrations in roots, spears and flowering twigs of two garden asparagus cultivars. The key genes of DSSP include steroid-16-hydroxylase (S16H), steroid-22-hydroxylase (S22H) and steroid-22-oxidase-16-h...
[ES] Con el presente trabajo se pretende realizar un análisis de la situación actual de la indust... more [ES] Con el presente trabajo se pretende realizar un análisis de la situación actual de la industria del automóvil en China, desde diferentes perspectivas. Para alcanzar este objetivo principal se proponen una serie de objetivos parciales. Estos objetivos son los siguientes: Explorar la evolución de la economía en China mediante un análisis de las cifras macroeconómicas. Explicar la relación entre el desarrollo de la industria del automóvil de China y los diferentes factores macroeconómicos. Explicar la historia del desarrollo de la industria del automóvil en China. Analizar la industria automotriz desde un punto de vista macroeconómico orientado al mercado. Explorar el desarrollo de la tecnología del automóvil Explorar la globalización de la competencia de la industria automotriz. Comentar los efectos de la globalización sobre la industria china. Explorar el desarrollo de la investigación y la planificación de la industria automóvil de China. Analizar el problema del desarrollo de la industria automotriz de ChinaMao, Z. (2017). Evolución y perspectivas de la industria de la automoción en China. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/80046.TFG
(3). The strain suppresses a broad spectrum of patho-genicfungi;promotesgrowthandrootingofcropsan... more (3). The strain suppresses a broad spectrum of patho-genicfungi;promotesgrowthandrootingofcropsandvegetables;improves the drought tolerance of wheat, corn, and broad bean;and reduces the number of nematodes at tomato and tobaccoroots (Y. He, unpublished data).Genomic DNA prepared from YAU B9601-Y2 was used forconstruction of a 3-kb-long paired-end library with a GS FLXlibrary preparation kit in combination with GS FLX paired-endadaptors (both Roche, Mannheim, Germany) according to themanufacturer’s protocol. The reads were assembled using the GS
Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2012
Bacillus subtilis XF-1 (CGMCC No. 2357), a patent strain with good effects for controlling the cl... more Bacillus subtilis XF-1 (CGMCC No. 2357), a patent strain with good effects for controlling the clubroot of crucifer and many pathogenic fungi, was predicted to produce cyclic lipopeptide (CLP) antibiotics based on its genomic analysis. In this study, the CLPs were purified and determined with the following protocol: the supernatant of XF-1 cultivating mixture was firstly precipitated, then the precipitants were extracted with methanol and further separated by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography to test its antifungal activities. Fungi-inhibiting fractions were further characterized with LC/ESI-MS and LC/ESI-MS/MS. The results show that four molecular ion peaks [M+H]⁺ (m/z 1,464, 1,478, 1,492 and 1,506) from fungi suppression fraction were identified as fengycin A with fatty acid of C₁₆-C₁₉, fengycin B (C₁₄-C₁₇), fengycin C (C₁₅-C₁₈), fengycin D (C₁₅-C₁₈) and fengycin S (C₁₅-C₁₈). Fengycin C (C₁₅ and C₁₈), fengycin D (C₁₅, C₁₆ and C₁₈) and fengycin S (C₁₅, C₁₆ and C₁₈) were reported for the first time. The diversity of the fengycins that exist in this strain will help the elucidation of their biocontrol mechanisms.
Zymomonas mobilis is a superb ethanol producer with productivity exceeding yeast strains by sever... more Zymomonas mobilis is a superb ethanol producer with productivity exceeding yeast strains by several fold. Although metabolic engineering was successfully applied to expand its substrate range to include xylose, xylose fermentation lagged far behind glucose. In addition, xylose fermentation was often incomplete when its initial concentration was higher than 5%. Improvement of xylose fermentation is therefore necessary. In this work, we applied adaptation to improve xylose fermentation in metabolically engineered strains. As a result of adaptation over 80 days and 30 serial transfers in a medium containing high concentration of xylose, a strain, referred as A3, with markedly improved xylose metabolism was obtained. The strain was able to grow on 10% (w/v) xylose and rapidly ferment xylose to ethanol within 2 days and retained high ethanol yield. Similarly, in mixed glucose-xylose fermentation, a total of 9% (w/v) ethanol was obtained from two doses of 5% glucose and 5% xylose (or a total of 10% glucose and 10% xylose). Further investigation reveals evidence for an altered xylitol metabolism in A3 with reduced xylitol formation. Additionally xylitol tolerance in A3 was increased. Furthermore, xylose isomerase activity was increased by several times in A3, allowing cells to channel more xylose to ethanol than to xylitol. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that altered xylitol metabolism is key to improved xylose metabolism in adapted A3 strain. This work further demonstrates that adaptation and metabolic engineering can be used synergistically for strain improvement.
Curdlan is an important glucan that is extensively used in food and pharmaceutical industries for... more Curdlan is an important glucan that is extensively used in food and pharmaceutical industries for production of food and medicines, and its natural producer is the Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 31749.Understanding its complete genome will provide great insights for the scientific community and industrial producers of curdlan. This study provides comprehensive knowledge of the genome architecture of Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 31749, highlighting the genetic basis for which Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 31749 effectively produces curdlan and the evolutionary relationships of Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 31749 with other species within the family Rhizobiaceae. Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 31749 produces curdlan as a protective glucan to protect itself against unfavourable conditions. The complete genome structure of Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 931749 consists of two small circular plasmids, one large primary chromosome and one secondary chromosome. Genes that are responsible for housekeeping activities and basic life pr...
Statistical experimental design was used to optimize the conditions viz. Ethanol, Ammonium phosph... more Statistical experimental design was used to optimize the conditions viz. Ethanol, Ammonium phosphate and Biotin concentration of L-Glutamic acid from Brevibacterium roseum NCIM 2238 by submerged fermentation. Maximum L-Glutamic acid concentration of 53.01621 g/l was obtained. The optimum conditions were found to be ethanol concentration of 5.3646 %v/v, ammonium phosphate of 0.7081 %w/v and biotin concentration of 1.6735 μg/ml. Glutamic acid production was also effectively promoted by optimizing the medium composition using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Basically, this optimization process involves three major steps: performing the statistically designed experiments, estimating the coefficients in the mathematical model, and predicting the response and checking the adequacy of the model. Thus, by using SmF process with Brevibacterium roseum, the Central Composite Design (CCD) was found to be the most favorable strategy for investigating with respect to L-Glutamic acid productio...
Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth (Patchouli) is a native plant in the tropical region in Asia and... more Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth (Patchouli) is a native plant in the tropical region in Asia and has been extensively cultivated in China, India, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, Mauritius and West Africa as an important cash crop. The patchouli oil extracted from the plant is used in perfumery industry. It is also employed as a flavor ingredient in many food products such as alcoholic beverages, candies, baked foods and meat products. The fresh leaves are used in decoction as the traditional Chinese medicine to treat nausea, diarrhea, cold and headaches. It is reported that P. cablin functions as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger in the oxidant-induced cell death in human neuroglioma cells (3). Although R. solanacearum is responsible for the diseases in more than 200 plant species, including some legumes such as Medicago truncatula (6), there is no report on its infection of P. cablin in China and Myanmar.
Panax notoginseng (2n = 2x = 24), reputed as a valuable medicinal plant, belongs to the Araliacea... more Panax notoginseng (2n = 2x = 24), reputed as a valuable medicinal plant, belongs to the Araliaceae family(Figure 1a). P. notoginseng has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine with obvious efficacy and favorable safety. Currently, P. notoginseng is an important material of many well-known Chinese patent medicines including Xuesaitong, Yunnan Baiyao, Comopound Danshen Dripping Pills (Xu et al., 2019).
Tomato/potato heterografting-triggered phenotypic variations are well documented, yet the molecul... more Tomato/potato heterografting-triggered phenotypic variations are well documented, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying grafting-induced phenotypic processes remain unknown. To investigate the phenotypic and transcriptomic responses of grafting parents in heterografting in comparison with self-grafting, tomato (Sl) was grafted onto potato rootstocks (St), and comparative phenotyping and transcriptome profiling were performed. Phenotypic analysis showed that Sl/St heterografting induced few phenotypic changes in the tomato scion. A total of 209 upregulated genes were identified in the tomato scion, some of which appear to be involved in starch and sucrose biosynthesis. Sl/St heterografting induced several modifications in the potato rootstocks (St-R), stolon number, stolon length and tuber number decreased significantly, together with an increase in GA3 content of stolon and tuber, compared with self-grafted potato (St-WT). These results indicate that the tomato scion is less effective at producing substances or signals to induce tuberization but promotes stolon development into aerial stems and sprouting. RNA-Seq data analysis showed that 1529 genes were upregulated and 1329 downregulated between St-WT and St-R; some of these genes are involved in plant hormone signal transduction, with GID1-like gibberellin receptor (StGID1) and DELLA protein (StDELLA) being upregulated. Several genes in auxin, abscisic acid and ethylene pathways were differentially expressed as well. Various hormone signals engage in crosstalk to regulate diverse phenotypic events after grafting. This work provides abundant transcriptome profile data and lays a foundation for further research on the molecular mechanisms underlying RNA-based interactions between rootstocks and scions after tomato/potato heterografting.
Sex chromosomes evolved from autosomes many times across the eukaryote phylogeny. Several models ... more Sex chromosomes evolved from autosomes many times across the eukaryote phylogeny. Several models have been proposed to explain this transition, some involving male and female sterility mutations linked in a region of suppressed recombination between X and Y (or Z/W, U/V) chromosomes. Comparative and experimental analysis of a reference genome assembly for a double haploid YY male garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) individual implicates separate but linked genes as responsible for sex determination. Dioecy has evolved recently within Asparagus and sex chromosomes are cytogenetically identical with the Y, harboring a megabase segment that is missing from the X. We show that deletion of this entire region results in a male-to-female conversion, whereas loss of a single suppressor of female development drives male-to-hermaphrodite conversion. A single copy anther-specific gene with a male sterile Arabidopsis knockout phenotype is also in the Y-specific region, supporting a two-...
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Papers by Zichao Mao