The present research study aimed at to investigate the causes of low achievement in English at el... more The present research study aimed at to investigate the causes of low achievement in English at elementary level in District Vehari, Pakistan. In this study effort was made to collect information about the causes which effect the students' achievement and provide the guide line for the educationists to improve the educational system. The study was a survey type of study. The data was collected from urban and rural, government and private elementary school students through personal visit. Total number of schools was 10 and total number of students was 200. 20 students were selected from each school. To identify the causes' data was collected by random sampling techniques by using questionnaire as data collection tool. The questionnaire contains 20 items. The questions were asked about the causes of low achievement in English language learning. The collected data was tabulated and analyzed with the help of percentage formula.
Weed infestation is a major problem and matter of concern as it reduces yield as well as quality ... more Weed infestation is a major problem and matter of concern as it reduces yield as well as quality of many crops including sugar beet. Manual weeding is very tedious, costly, time consuming and most probably non-availability of trained and skillful labor is another issue. Keeping in view these facts, an experiment was performed to evaluate the efficacy of dual gold on the weed biomass (gm-2) and on the growth and yield components of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cv. California-KWS during 2013-14 and 2014-15. The study was performed using RCBD having five treatments and three replications. The treatments included different application times (pre-emergence application and application after 15, 30 and 45 days after emergence) of dual gold (s-Metolachlor) and a control (weedy check). Data were recorded on fresh and dry weed biomasses (g m-2), number of leaves plant-1, leaf area plant-1 (cm2), leaf and root weights plant-1 (g), sucrose%, TSS%, root and sugar yields (t ha-1). The results sh...
Non-thermal processing techniques not only prevent the nutritional losses but also improve the fo... more Non-thermal processing techniques not only prevent the nutritional losses but also improve the food quality and security. In recent years, consumers demand healthy, safe, and nutritious food. Ultrasound is one of the emerging techniques, which is being studied extensively on various food products. On the other hand, in microwave treatment heat transfer is rapid, so sensory characteristics, nutrients, vitamin content, flavor and color of food are well preserved. A study was conducted on combined effect of sonication and microwave processing on phalsa drink and stored for 120 days. The juice was filled in plastic bottles, sealed and after microwave treatment immediately chilled in ice cold water at 4 ± 1°C. It was observed that synergistic approach of sonication and microwave had shown positive impact on nutritional quality of phalsa drink as it increased (p ≤ 0.05) the total phenolic, flavonoids, reducing power and antioxidant properties of phalsa drink and reduced the microbial load with increase in sonication time from 2 to 8 min. It was concluded that combination of sonication and microwave can be employed without chemical preservatives for treatment of phalsa drink with better retention of nutritional attributes.
Abstract To standardize the existing approach of single weeding in cole crops practiced by most o... more Abstract To standardize the existing approach of single weeding in cole crops practiced by most of the vegetable growers, a two-year field trial was designed to figure out the critical period for weed competition in broccoli (Brassica oleraceae L. var. italica). Two broccoli varieties “Rocco” and “Galabrease” were used with weeding intervals of 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after transplantation (DAT) along with a weedy check (control). Ten-gram (10 g) seed of various weed species was sown in each plot to get sufficient weed influx. Growth and yield parameters of broccoli including head diameter, number of axillary shoots, the weight of axillary shoots, total yield, and marketable yield, while weed parameters viz. weed density and fresh weed biomass were recorded during experimentation. Results revealed that Rocco a hybrid variety of broccoli performed significantly better than Galabrease for various growth and yield parameters at all weeding intervals. As regards the effect of various weeding treatments, the best treatment was hoeing 15 DAT followed by 30 DAT. Delayed hoeing beyond this critical period of 15 to 30 DAT correspondingly decreased all the growth and yield parameters, the untreated control showing the lowest value. Weed infestation had a strong negative correlation with the yield parameters of broccoli. It is concluded from the present study that weed density of 1 plant m−2 would result in a loss of 0.062 t ha−1 of marketable yield in broccoli, which warrants timely management of weeds to obtain the optimum yield of broccoli.
Benchtop near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis was used for the cla... more Benchtop near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis was used for the classification and prediction of antioxidant properties of walnut. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ABTS assay and FRAP assay were performed spectrophotometrically. The synergy interval partial least square coupled competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (Si-CARS-PLS) was used for the prediction. A decent discrimination using principal component analysis (PCA) was observed by mean of spectroscopic and antioxidant properties data with total cumulative variance of 99.26% (PC1 = 95.07%, PC2 = 2.98%, PC3 = 1.21%) and 96.60% (PC1 = 64.28%, PC2 = 32.32%) respectively. The Si-CARS-PLS yielded optimal performance, RP = 0.9616, RPD = 3.807 for TPC, RP = 0.9657, RPD = 3.367 for TFC, RP = 0.9683, RPD = 2.728 for ABTS assay, and RP = 0.914, RPD = 2.669 for FRAP assay. These findings revealed that NIR integrated with Si-CARS-PLS could be used for the prediction of antioxidant properties of walnut.
Benchtop near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis was used for the cla... more Benchtop near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis was used for the classification and prediction of antioxidant properties of walnut. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ABTS assay and FRAP assay were performed spectrophotometrically. The synergy interval partial least square coupled competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (Si-CARS-PLS) was used for the prediction. A decent discrimination using principal component analysis (PCA) was observed by mean of spectroscopic and antioxidant properties data with total cumulative variance of 99.26% (PC1 = 95.07%, PC2 = 2.98%, PC3 = 1.21%) and 96.60% (PC1 = 64.28%, PC2 = 32.32%) respectively. The Si-CARS-PLS yielded optimal performance, RP = 0.9616, RPD = 3.807 for TPC, RP = 0.9657, RPD = 3.367 for TFC, RP = 0.9683, RPD = 2.728 for ABTS assay, and RP = 0.914, RPD = 2.669 for FRAP assay. These findings revealed that NIR integrated with Si-CARS-PLS could be used for the prediction of antioxidant properties of walnut.
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2020
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2020
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Apple peel polyphenols were extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and conditions for ... more Apple peel polyphenols were extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and conditions for the extraction of polyphenols were optimized by the response surface methodology. The optimized conditions determined as 32 min of extraction time, 29 °C of extraction temperature and ethanol concentration of 56% with a yield of 35.08 ± 0.26 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight. Six resins were used for the purification and D101 resin showed the highest ratio of desorption for polyphenols and further applied for dynamic adsorption/desorption test. Catechin, procyandin B, querecitin-3-galactoside and querecitin xyloside were identified in purified polyphenols by HPLC-MS/MS. Finally, the immunostimulatory activity in vitro of purified polyphenols on RAW264.7 cell lines was evaluated. The apple peel polyphenols exhibited a dose-dependent effect (p < 0.05) on the strongest propagation of RAW264.7 cells. The results demonstrate that apple peel is a valuable source of polyphenols and could be used as a natural immunostimulating agent for application in functional foods.
Apple peel polyphenols were extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and conditions for ... more Apple peel polyphenols were extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and conditions for the extraction of polyphenols were optimized by the response surface methodology. The optimized conditions determined as 32 min of extraction time, 29 °C of extraction temperature and ethanol concentration of 56% with a yield of 35.08 ± 0.26 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight. Six resins were used for the purification and D101 resin showed the highest ratio of desorption for polyphenols and further applied for dynamic adsorption/desorption test. Catechin, procyandin B, querecitin-3-galactoside and querecitin xyloside were identified in purified polyphenols by HPLC-MS/MS. Finally, the immunostimulatory activity in vitro of purified polyphenols on RAW264.7 cell lines was evaluated. The apple peel polyphenols exhibited a dose-dependent effect (p < 0.05) on the strongest propagation of RAW264.7 cells. The results demonstrate that apple peel is a valuable source of polyphenols and could be used as a natural immunostimulating agent for application in functional foods.
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) based novel functional films containing Chinese chives root extract... more Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) based novel functional films containing Chinese chives root extract (CRE) at different concentrations (1, 3 and 5 % in w/w) were successfully fabricated. It was revealed by SEM that higher extract concentration triggered the formation of agglomerates within the film. Tensile strength of the films was decreased from 30.91 to 16.48 MPa. Thickness of films was increased from 43 to 84 μm, while decrease in water solubility from 77.51-52.91 %, swelling degree from 55.74 to 40.37 %, and water vapor permeability from 5.76 to 1.17 10-10 gm-1s-1 Pa-1 was observed. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging ability of CMC-CRE films was increased from 0 to 58 % and 82 %, respectively. CMC-CRE5 film showed the highest biodegradability of 58.14 %. The film prepared by the addition of CRE into CMC also exhibited good antioxidant and antimicrobial activity indicating that it could be developed as a bio-composite food packaging material for the food industry.
Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy as a low-cost technique with its non-destructive fast nature, pr... more Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy as a low-cost technique with its non-destructive fast nature, precision, control, accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility has been extensively employed in most industries for food quality measurements. Its coupling to different modeling techniques has been identified as a way of improving the accuracy and robustness of non-destructive measurement of foodstuffs. This review provides an overview of the application of non-linear algorithms in food quality and safety specific to NIR spectroscopy. The review also provides in-depth knowledge about the principle of NIR spectroscopy along with different non-linear models such as artificial neural network (ANN), AdaBoost, local algorithm (LA), support vector machine (SVM), and extreme learning machine (ELM). Moreover, non-linear algorithms coupled with NIR spectroscopy for ensuring food quality and their future perspective has been discussed.
The drying of sweet potatoes not only helps to prolong its storage life but the dried form report... more The drying of sweet potatoes not only helps to prolong its storage life but the dried form reportedly enriched with high bioactive compounds than regular sweet potatoes. The study aims to investigate the influence of dual-frequency ultrasound pretreatments (40 and 60 kHz) at two different hot air drying temperatures (70 °C and 80 °C) on quality of dried product. Ultrasound pretreatment at 40 kHz with 70 °C maintained the phytochemical compounds in the dried sweet potatoes. Ellagic acid and chlorogenic acid were found as predominant phenolic acids using HPLC analysis, while identification of two new bioactive compounds quercetin-3-rhamnoside and quercetin 3-β-D-glucoside were the novel finding of the current study. A short new band appeared in FTIR in all treatments from 2164 to 2041 cm−1 which refers to C = C alkenes functional group. The multivariate analysis showed a great influence of USH3 and USH1 with a positive relationship with most of bioactive compounds.
International journal of biological macromolecules, Jan 22, 2018
In the present study, apple peel polyphenols (APP) were incorporated into chitosan (CS) to develo... more In the present study, apple peel polyphenols (APP) were incorporated into chitosan (CS) to develop a novel functional film. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analyses were performed to study the structure, potential interaction and thermal stability of the prepared films. Physical properties including moisture content, density, color, opacity, water solubility, swelling ration and water vapor permeability were measured. The results revealed that addition of APP into CS significantly improved the physical properties of the film by increasing its thickness, density, solubility, opacity and swelling ratio whereas moisture content and water vapor permeability were decreased. Tensile strength and elongation at break of the CS-APP film with 1% APP was 16.48 MPa and 13.33%, respectively, significantly lower than those for CS control film. Thermal stability of the prepared films was decreased while antioxidant and antimicrobial activ...
Microbial and enzymatic inactivation in fresh pear juice were studied under conventional and ultr... more Microbial and enzymatic inactivation in fresh pear juice were studied under conventional and ultrasound-pasteurizations. The ultrasound-pasteurization conditions were 25, 45 and 65 °C for min using a 750 W probe sonicator (frequency 20 kHz and amplitude 70%) while conventional pasteurization conditions were 65 °C for 10 min and 95 °C for 2 min. Complete inactivation of enzymes (peroxidase, pectinmethylesterase and polyphenol oxidase) and microbes (total plate count, yeast and mould) were observed in conventional pasteurization at 95 °C but this treatment also showed highest losses of ascorbic acid, total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity. Ultrasound-pasteurization at 65 °C for 10 min showed the best results in retention of ascorbic acid and other phenolic compounds with significant reduction in enzyme activities and complete inactivation of microbes. Values of pH, acidity and °Brix showed no significant changes under conventional or ultrasound-pasteurization treatments. The findings of the present study indicate that pasteurization at low temperatures in combination with ultrasound can successfully be employed for commercial processing of pear juice with improved quality.
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of sonication on physicochemical parameters ... more This study was carried out to investigate the effect of sonication on physicochemical parameters and microorganisms of pear juice. Ultrasound processing of fresh pear juice was done at fixed amplitude [70% (500 W) and frequency (25 kHz) for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min at 25°C. Total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity and Ca and Mn remained stable, while the cloud value, ascorbic acid, total phenols, total flavonoids, total antioxidant capacity, sugar contents and Na, K, Fe and Mg showed a significant increase. Decreases in microbial population and P and Cu were also observed. It may be inferred that ultrasound processing for 60 min exhibited optimum results in terms of physicochemical and microbial quality.
The present research study aimed at to investigate the causes of low achievement in English at el... more The present research study aimed at to investigate the causes of low achievement in English at elementary level in District Vehari, Pakistan. In this study effort was made to collect information about the causes which effect the students' achievement and provide the guide line for the educationists to improve the educational system. The study was a survey type of study. The data was collected from urban and rural, government and private elementary school students through personal visit. Total number of schools was 10 and total number of students was 200. 20 students were selected from each school. To identify the causes' data was collected by random sampling techniques by using questionnaire as data collection tool. The questionnaire contains 20 items. The questions were asked about the causes of low achievement in English language learning. The collected data was tabulated and analyzed with the help of percentage formula.
Weed infestation is a major problem and matter of concern as it reduces yield as well as quality ... more Weed infestation is a major problem and matter of concern as it reduces yield as well as quality of many crops including sugar beet. Manual weeding is very tedious, costly, time consuming and most probably non-availability of trained and skillful labor is another issue. Keeping in view these facts, an experiment was performed to evaluate the efficacy of dual gold on the weed biomass (gm-2) and on the growth and yield components of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cv. California-KWS during 2013-14 and 2014-15. The study was performed using RCBD having five treatments and three replications. The treatments included different application times (pre-emergence application and application after 15, 30 and 45 days after emergence) of dual gold (s-Metolachlor) and a control (weedy check). Data were recorded on fresh and dry weed biomasses (g m-2), number of leaves plant-1, leaf area plant-1 (cm2), leaf and root weights plant-1 (g), sucrose%, TSS%, root and sugar yields (t ha-1). The results sh...
Non-thermal processing techniques not only prevent the nutritional losses but also improve the fo... more Non-thermal processing techniques not only prevent the nutritional losses but also improve the food quality and security. In recent years, consumers demand healthy, safe, and nutritious food. Ultrasound is one of the emerging techniques, which is being studied extensively on various food products. On the other hand, in microwave treatment heat transfer is rapid, so sensory characteristics, nutrients, vitamin content, flavor and color of food are well preserved. A study was conducted on combined effect of sonication and microwave processing on phalsa drink and stored for 120 days. The juice was filled in plastic bottles, sealed and after microwave treatment immediately chilled in ice cold water at 4 ± 1°C. It was observed that synergistic approach of sonication and microwave had shown positive impact on nutritional quality of phalsa drink as it increased (p ≤ 0.05) the total phenolic, flavonoids, reducing power and antioxidant properties of phalsa drink and reduced the microbial load with increase in sonication time from 2 to 8 min. It was concluded that combination of sonication and microwave can be employed without chemical preservatives for treatment of phalsa drink with better retention of nutritional attributes.
Abstract To standardize the existing approach of single weeding in cole crops practiced by most o... more Abstract To standardize the existing approach of single weeding in cole crops practiced by most of the vegetable growers, a two-year field trial was designed to figure out the critical period for weed competition in broccoli (Brassica oleraceae L. var. italica). Two broccoli varieties “Rocco” and “Galabrease” were used with weeding intervals of 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after transplantation (DAT) along with a weedy check (control). Ten-gram (10 g) seed of various weed species was sown in each plot to get sufficient weed influx. Growth and yield parameters of broccoli including head diameter, number of axillary shoots, the weight of axillary shoots, total yield, and marketable yield, while weed parameters viz. weed density and fresh weed biomass were recorded during experimentation. Results revealed that Rocco a hybrid variety of broccoli performed significantly better than Galabrease for various growth and yield parameters at all weeding intervals. As regards the effect of various weeding treatments, the best treatment was hoeing 15 DAT followed by 30 DAT. Delayed hoeing beyond this critical period of 15 to 30 DAT correspondingly decreased all the growth and yield parameters, the untreated control showing the lowest value. Weed infestation had a strong negative correlation with the yield parameters of broccoli. It is concluded from the present study that weed density of 1 plant m−2 would result in a loss of 0.062 t ha−1 of marketable yield in broccoli, which warrants timely management of weeds to obtain the optimum yield of broccoli.
Benchtop near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis was used for the cla... more Benchtop near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis was used for the classification and prediction of antioxidant properties of walnut. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ABTS assay and FRAP assay were performed spectrophotometrically. The synergy interval partial least square coupled competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (Si-CARS-PLS) was used for the prediction. A decent discrimination using principal component analysis (PCA) was observed by mean of spectroscopic and antioxidant properties data with total cumulative variance of 99.26% (PC1 = 95.07%, PC2 = 2.98%, PC3 = 1.21%) and 96.60% (PC1 = 64.28%, PC2 = 32.32%) respectively. The Si-CARS-PLS yielded optimal performance, RP = 0.9616, RPD = 3.807 for TPC, RP = 0.9657, RPD = 3.367 for TFC, RP = 0.9683, RPD = 2.728 for ABTS assay, and RP = 0.914, RPD = 2.669 for FRAP assay. These findings revealed that NIR integrated with Si-CARS-PLS could be used for the prediction of antioxidant properties of walnut.
Benchtop near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis was used for the cla... more Benchtop near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis was used for the classification and prediction of antioxidant properties of walnut. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ABTS assay and FRAP assay were performed spectrophotometrically. The synergy interval partial least square coupled competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (Si-CARS-PLS) was used for the prediction. A decent discrimination using principal component analysis (PCA) was observed by mean of spectroscopic and antioxidant properties data with total cumulative variance of 99.26% (PC1 = 95.07%, PC2 = 2.98%, PC3 = 1.21%) and 96.60% (PC1 = 64.28%, PC2 = 32.32%) respectively. The Si-CARS-PLS yielded optimal performance, RP = 0.9616, RPD = 3.807 for TPC, RP = 0.9657, RPD = 3.367 for TFC, RP = 0.9683, RPD = 2.728 for ABTS assay, and RP = 0.914, RPD = 2.669 for FRAP assay. These findings revealed that NIR integrated with Si-CARS-PLS could be used for the prediction of antioxidant properties of walnut.
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2020
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2020
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Apple peel polyphenols were extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and conditions for ... more Apple peel polyphenols were extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and conditions for the extraction of polyphenols were optimized by the response surface methodology. The optimized conditions determined as 32 min of extraction time, 29 °C of extraction temperature and ethanol concentration of 56% with a yield of 35.08 ± 0.26 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight. Six resins were used for the purification and D101 resin showed the highest ratio of desorption for polyphenols and further applied for dynamic adsorption/desorption test. Catechin, procyandin B, querecitin-3-galactoside and querecitin xyloside were identified in purified polyphenols by HPLC-MS/MS. Finally, the immunostimulatory activity in vitro of purified polyphenols on RAW264.7 cell lines was evaluated. The apple peel polyphenols exhibited a dose-dependent effect (p < 0.05) on the strongest propagation of RAW264.7 cells. The results demonstrate that apple peel is a valuable source of polyphenols and could be used as a natural immunostimulating agent for application in functional foods.
Apple peel polyphenols were extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and conditions for ... more Apple peel polyphenols were extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and conditions for the extraction of polyphenols were optimized by the response surface methodology. The optimized conditions determined as 32 min of extraction time, 29 °C of extraction temperature and ethanol concentration of 56% with a yield of 35.08 ± 0.26 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight. Six resins were used for the purification and D101 resin showed the highest ratio of desorption for polyphenols and further applied for dynamic adsorption/desorption test. Catechin, procyandin B, querecitin-3-galactoside and querecitin xyloside were identified in purified polyphenols by HPLC-MS/MS. Finally, the immunostimulatory activity in vitro of purified polyphenols on RAW264.7 cell lines was evaluated. The apple peel polyphenols exhibited a dose-dependent effect (p < 0.05) on the strongest propagation of RAW264.7 cells. The results demonstrate that apple peel is a valuable source of polyphenols and could be used as a natural immunostimulating agent for application in functional foods.
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) based novel functional films containing Chinese chives root extract... more Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) based novel functional films containing Chinese chives root extract (CRE) at different concentrations (1, 3 and 5 % in w/w) were successfully fabricated. It was revealed by SEM that higher extract concentration triggered the formation of agglomerates within the film. Tensile strength of the films was decreased from 30.91 to 16.48 MPa. Thickness of films was increased from 43 to 84 μm, while decrease in water solubility from 77.51-52.91 %, swelling degree from 55.74 to 40.37 %, and water vapor permeability from 5.76 to 1.17 10-10 gm-1s-1 Pa-1 was observed. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging ability of CMC-CRE films was increased from 0 to 58 % and 82 %, respectively. CMC-CRE5 film showed the highest biodegradability of 58.14 %. The film prepared by the addition of CRE into CMC also exhibited good antioxidant and antimicrobial activity indicating that it could be developed as a bio-composite food packaging material for the food industry.
Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy as a low-cost technique with its non-destructive fast nature, pr... more Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy as a low-cost technique with its non-destructive fast nature, precision, control, accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility has been extensively employed in most industries for food quality measurements. Its coupling to different modeling techniques has been identified as a way of improving the accuracy and robustness of non-destructive measurement of foodstuffs. This review provides an overview of the application of non-linear algorithms in food quality and safety specific to NIR spectroscopy. The review also provides in-depth knowledge about the principle of NIR spectroscopy along with different non-linear models such as artificial neural network (ANN), AdaBoost, local algorithm (LA), support vector machine (SVM), and extreme learning machine (ELM). Moreover, non-linear algorithms coupled with NIR spectroscopy for ensuring food quality and their future perspective has been discussed.
The drying of sweet potatoes not only helps to prolong its storage life but the dried form report... more The drying of sweet potatoes not only helps to prolong its storage life but the dried form reportedly enriched with high bioactive compounds than regular sweet potatoes. The study aims to investigate the influence of dual-frequency ultrasound pretreatments (40 and 60 kHz) at two different hot air drying temperatures (70 °C and 80 °C) on quality of dried product. Ultrasound pretreatment at 40 kHz with 70 °C maintained the phytochemical compounds in the dried sweet potatoes. Ellagic acid and chlorogenic acid were found as predominant phenolic acids using HPLC analysis, while identification of two new bioactive compounds quercetin-3-rhamnoside and quercetin 3-β-D-glucoside were the novel finding of the current study. A short new band appeared in FTIR in all treatments from 2164 to 2041 cm−1 which refers to C = C alkenes functional group. The multivariate analysis showed a great influence of USH3 and USH1 with a positive relationship with most of bioactive compounds.
International journal of biological macromolecules, Jan 22, 2018
In the present study, apple peel polyphenols (APP) were incorporated into chitosan (CS) to develo... more In the present study, apple peel polyphenols (APP) were incorporated into chitosan (CS) to develop a novel functional film. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analyses were performed to study the structure, potential interaction and thermal stability of the prepared films. Physical properties including moisture content, density, color, opacity, water solubility, swelling ration and water vapor permeability were measured. The results revealed that addition of APP into CS significantly improved the physical properties of the film by increasing its thickness, density, solubility, opacity and swelling ratio whereas moisture content and water vapor permeability were decreased. Tensile strength and elongation at break of the CS-APP film with 1% APP was 16.48 MPa and 13.33%, respectively, significantly lower than those for CS control film. Thermal stability of the prepared films was decreased while antioxidant and antimicrobial activ...
Microbial and enzymatic inactivation in fresh pear juice were studied under conventional and ultr... more Microbial and enzymatic inactivation in fresh pear juice were studied under conventional and ultrasound-pasteurizations. The ultrasound-pasteurization conditions were 25, 45 and 65 °C for min using a 750 W probe sonicator (frequency 20 kHz and amplitude 70%) while conventional pasteurization conditions were 65 °C for 10 min and 95 °C for 2 min. Complete inactivation of enzymes (peroxidase, pectinmethylesterase and polyphenol oxidase) and microbes (total plate count, yeast and mould) were observed in conventional pasteurization at 95 °C but this treatment also showed highest losses of ascorbic acid, total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity. Ultrasound-pasteurization at 65 °C for 10 min showed the best results in retention of ascorbic acid and other phenolic compounds with significant reduction in enzyme activities and complete inactivation of microbes. Values of pH, acidity and °Brix showed no significant changes under conventional or ultrasound-pasteurization treatments. The findings of the present study indicate that pasteurization at low temperatures in combination with ultrasound can successfully be employed for commercial processing of pear juice with improved quality.
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of sonication on physicochemical parameters ... more This study was carried out to investigate the effect of sonication on physicochemical parameters and microorganisms of pear juice. Ultrasound processing of fresh pear juice was done at fixed amplitude [70% (500 W) and frequency (25 kHz) for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min at 25°C. Total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity and Ca and Mn remained stable, while the cloud value, ascorbic acid, total phenols, total flavonoids, total antioxidant capacity, sugar contents and Na, K, Fe and Mg showed a significant increase. Decreases in microbial population and P and Cu were also observed. It may be inferred that ultrasound processing for 60 min exhibited optimum results in terms of physicochemical and microbial quality.
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