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Mahrus Ali

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University of Zagreb

Uppsala University

University of East London

University of Leicester

Gwen Robbins Schug

University of North Carolina at Greensboro

Gabriel Gutierrez-Alonso

University of Salamanca

Macquarie University

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul

Swansea University

Jesper Hoffmeyer

University of Copenhagen

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Papers by Mahrus Ali

Kriminalisasi Berbasis Hak Asasi Manusia Dalam Undang-Undang Bidang Lingkungan Hidup

JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW

Upaya kriminalisasi yang dilakukan melalui proses legislasi, tidak hanya sekedar membatasi perila... more Upaya kriminalisasi yang dilakukan melalui proses legislasi, tidak hanya sekedar membatasi perilaku tetapi juga memberi ancaman hukuman bagi pelanggarnya. Mengingat urgensi kriminalisasi adalah pembatasan hak, maka legislatif dalam merumuskan suatu perbuatan sebagai tindak pidana harus mengacu pada prinsip-prinsip pembatasan hak asasi manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis diskursus teoretik tentang kriminalisasi berbasis hak asasi manusia dalam undang-undang bidang lingkungan hidup. Sebagai penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual dan perundang-undangan, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa proses penetapan suatu perbuatan sebagai tindak pidana oleh negara harus sesuai dengan batas kemampuan hukum pidana. Kriminalisasi merupakan tindakan kekuasaan negara yang paling mengganggu terhadap kebebasan perilaku sosial masyarakat. Rumusan kriminalisasi dalam undang-undang bidang lingkungan hidup telah merefleksikan prinsip tujuan yang sah dalam hukum, tetapi belum sepenu...

Pencemaran Nama Baik Melalui Sarana Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (Kajian Putusan MK No. 2/PUU-VII/2009)

Jurnal Konstitusi

Libel crime is an offence attacking the honor and image of person. There are at least two element... more Libel crime is an offence attacking the honor and image of person. There are at least two elements in the libel crime in which a judge has an obligation to prove them, subjective and objective element as well as malice. An offender cannot be blamed for his/her conduct unless he/she commits these elements. In the term of article 27 (3) of electronic transaction and information act no 11 of 2008, its content is still in accordance with the rule of law conception and several articles of Indonesia Constitution of 1945 dealing with some fundamental rights of citizen and the right of freedom to express and to obtain information. State has untitled to make any limitation by prohibiting certain activities attacking the honor and image of person which is based on the same rights of the same freedom.

Implementation of the Criminal Justice System for Persons with Disabilities

Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 2021

The criminal justice system is built on the ideology of normality, a perspective that all people ... more The criminal justice system is built on the ideology of normality, a perspective that all people are physically and intellectually normal. Consequently, the process of investigation, prosecution and examination in court proceedings is only aimed at and designed for those who are normal. The existence of persons with disabilities has become marginalized and even forgotten. The rights of persons with disabilities are often violated both when they are perpetrators and witnesses/victims of criminal acts. In order for the criminal justice system to be pro for them, the medical approach should be abandoned and replaced with a social approach. Here what is needed is what the law enforcers need to fulfill at each stage of the criminal justice so that persons with disabilities have the right to a fair criminal trial. A profile assessment is necessary to determine the character, barriers and needs of persons with disabilities in the early stages of the criminal justice process.

Strict Liability for Environmental Offenses

This study aims to analyze the rationality and application of strict liability for environmental ... more This study aims to analyze the rationality and application of strict liability for environmental offenses in the Environmental Protection and Management Act of Indonesia. The strict liability set out in this law expressly applies only to civil cases and covers the possibility that it may be used in criminal matters. Normative legal research complemented by a statutory and conceptual approach was used. The results showed that it generally applies to regulatory offenses aimed at protecting the public interest. This doctrine is necessary to improve the long-term and prevents harm to people or the environment. The absence of mental element proof should be limited to offenses that are characterized by the administrative dependence of criminal law, which is reflected in the abstract and concrete endangerment models. The offense is formulated as formal offense by eliminating the element of the perpetrator's culpability, and it is therefore not necessary to prove it.

Inserting a Human Rights Approach Into Penal System and Corruption Judicial Decision in Indonesia

Researchers World : Journal of Arts, Science and Commerce, 2017

The Indonesian Anti Corruption Act perceives corruption not only related to state financial loss,... more The Indonesian Anti Corruption Act perceives corruption not only related to state financial loss, but also as a violation of economic and social rights. However, penal system and corruption judicial desicions ignore this philoshopical framework. Forms of criminal sanction and their impositions merely consider the rights of an accused and eliminate the economic and social rights of the society as a whole. These also reflect in the corruption judicial desicions where corruption cases become the scope of criminal law. The paper analyses deeply the factors why the dimension of human rights violations resulted from corruption is elimanated in the Indonesian penal system and corruption judicial desicion. Furthermore, it examines the implication of inserting a human rights approach into Indonesian penal system and corruption judicial decision. The methodology employed in the research is libary research and deep interview, while the approach used in the research is conceptual. The paper is both empirical and normative research. This research reveals that human rights approach changes the paradigm of Indonesian penal system and corruption judicial desicion.

Menolak Tindak Pidana Pasar Modal Dalam Perkara PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya Sebagai Korupsi

Jurnal Ius Constituendum

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ketidaktepatan putusan pengadilan perkara PT. AJS den... more Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ketidaktepatan putusan pengadilan perkara PT. AJS dengan terdakwa Benny Tjoktosaputro sebagai tindak pidana korupsi. Fokus kajian diarahkan kepada fakta hukum yang dinyatakan terbukti dalam pertimbangan hukum hakim terkait unsur delik dalam Pasal 2 ayat (1) Undang-undang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi. Riset ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan menjadikan putusan pengadilan sebagai bahan hukum primer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbuatan terdakwa dalam perkara a quo lebih tepat dikategorikan sebagai tindak pidana pasar modal. Perampasan harta benda yang sebagian besar kepunyaan anak usaha PT. Hanson International Tbk dan harta benda terdakwa yang diperoleh sebelum keterlibatannya dalam perkara tersebut juga tidak tepat dan melanggar hak asasi manusia. Penetapan kerugian keuangan negara sebesar Rp. 12.157.000.000.000 juga tidak dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. The purpose of this study is to examine the inaccuracy of the ...

Pengawasan Peredaran Barang Cetakan, Due Process Of Law dan Hak Atas Kebebasan Mengeluarkan Pendapat

Jurnal Konstitusi

Basically, the authority of attorney general to control the circulations of printed goods is acco... more Basically, the authority of attorney general to control the circulations of printed goods is accordance with the principle of due process of law, equality before the law, and the right of freedom of expression as stipulated in the constitution 1945. Interpreting these principles has close relationship with the basic principle of human right in Indonesia, rechtsidee, values, and world view containing in the five basic pillars of Pancasila that stresses more to the balance of right and obligation. In the context of judicial review of an article 30 (3) c act number 16 2004, the problem is not on the existence of its legal norm but on the procedure to implement it in which attorney general did not provide proper and accountable mechanism so that these three principles are not purely conducted.

Protecting Environment through Criminal Sanction Aggravation

Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies

This paper aims to explores the provision of aggravating criminal sanction that protects environm... more This paper aims to explores the provision of aggravating criminal sanction that protects environment in environmental legislation. By focusing on the four laws as its primary data source, this study employed doctrinal legal research. The results showed that the weight accorded to criminal sanctions in environmental legislation, has varied. The PPLH Law provides for the amplification of criminal threats directed at corporations by adding 1/3 (one-third) of the criminal sentence. Only companies are subject to the penalty aggravation provisions of the Mining Law, and they are only imposed with one-third of the maximum criminal provision of fines. In the PPPH Law, the imposition of criminal threats weight is simply related to the quantity component. If the culprit is a corporation or official, the criminal sanction aggravation is increased by one-third. In Plantation Law, if the offender is a corporate or a government official, then the criminal punishment is intensified. The environmen...

How to Balance the Flexible Norm and Lex Certa in Environmental Offenses?

Proceedings from the 1st International Conference on Law and Human Rights, ICLHR 2021, 14-15 April 2021, Jakarta, Indonesia, 2021

Environmental offenses are generally formulated in an abstract and flexible way because they refe... more Environmental offenses are generally formulated in an abstract and flexible way because they refer to the norms that have yet to be formulated by other administrative organs who have authority in the environmental sector. The formulation of such offenses is of course contrary to the principle of lex certa which requires that the offense must be formulated clearly and does not have multiple interpretations. With a clear formulation of offenses, individuals can easily understand offenses so they know the consequences if they break them. This article is specifically examined at how to balance the flexibility of norms and clarity of norms in the formulation of environmental offenses. The results of the research revealed that the formulation of environmental offenses that reflects this balance is to putting the core elements of offense in the Act and to leave the technical matters of offense in a government regulation. Even though on these technical matters, administrative officials are given the authority to determine whether or not there is a criminal act based on discretionary authority, this must not violate the principle of rationality and proportionality so that it still reflects a clarity of norms (the principle of legal certainty). An offense formula that is deemed unclear will become clear with science. The clarity of a legal norm is not only based on its formulation, but shifts to the underlying principle of justice.

Causation in Environmental Offense

This study is aimed at analyzing the inadequacy of theories on causality in criminal law to be ap... more This study is aimed at analyzing the inadequacy of theories on causality in criminal law to be applied to the offenses of environmental damage/pollution, and ideas about its use in relation to characteristic of environmental offense. This study belongs to normative legal research using the statutory, philosophical, and conceptual approaches. The study reveals that today, the environmental is philosophically placed both as a legal interest and victim of crime. Such crimes can directly threat or harm the environment. The environmental damage or pollution also threatens the rights of future generations to enjoy clean and healthy environment as an impact of principle of ubiquity. The amount of environmental damage is also difficult to calculate and the time span can occur decades later after the crime was committed. Therefore, the proof of causality must shift from the proof of factual consequences to the proof of effect under the basis of prediction of scientific knowledge. The transformation of scientific evidence into legal evidence is the main key in proving emerge of environmental damage/pollution.

Model Kriminalisasi Berbasis Kerugian Lingkungan Dan Aktualisasinya Dalam Undang-Undang 32 Tahun 2009 Tentang Perlindungan Dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis diskursus teoritik tentang kriminalisasi berbasis k... more ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis diskursus teoritik tentang kriminalisasi berbasis kerugian lingkungan hidup dan aktualisasinya dalam Undang-Undang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup. Sebagai penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa diskursus teoritik tentang model-model kriminalisasi berbasis kerugian lingkungan hidup mengacu kepada empat model yang selama ini berkembang, yaitu model bahaya abstrak, bahaya nyata, kerugian nyata, dan polusi lingkungan yang serius. Pada ketiga model pertama, hukum pidana masih belum melepaskan diri dari ketergantung administratif), sedangkan pada model terakhir, hukum pidana sudah melepaskan diri dari ketergantungan administratif. Hukum pidana tetap dapat digunakan apabila menimbulkan kerugian sangat serius sekalipun perbuatan tidak melawan hukum. Keempat model kriminalisasi tersebut teraktualisasi dalam UU PPLH. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan...

Bribery and Gratuity: Regulatory Analysis and Judicial Response

Jurnal Ius Constituendum, 2021

This paper is aimed at analyzing the concepts and parameters to determine an act as a bribery and... more This paper is aimed at analyzing the concepts and parameters to determine an act as a bribery and gratuity in the Anti-Corruption Law and court cases. This involved the application of the doctrinal legal research to understand these differences. The results of this study showed that bribery requires a meeting of mind between the bribe givers and bribe recipients which is not found in gratuity. The reporting mechanism and the reversal burden of proof do not apply to bribery while Operation Catching Hand does not apply to gratuity due to its inability to satisfy the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code. Criminal sanctions are also imposed on both the giver and the recipient of a bribe while the act of a giver in gratuity is not considered as a criminal offense. The study also found that the court failed to apply these essential differences.

Efektivitas Hukum Pelestarian Bangunan Dan Lingkungan Cagar Budaya Di Kota Denpasar

Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum, 2020

The Regional Regulation on Cultural Heritage of Denpasar City has been in effect for 5 years, it ... more The Regional Regulation on Cultural Heritage of Denpasar City has been in effect for 5 years, it is very important to assess its effectiveness. There are two problems raised in this study. First, how effective is the Denpasar City Cultural Heritage Regional Regulation? Second, what is the strategy to achieve the effectiveness of the Denpasar City Cultural Heritage Regional Regulation? Data analysis was carried out both from primary data from the results of interview data, and analysis of secondary data in the form of primary and secondary legal materials. Therefore, this research can be called a research that uses mixed methods or is categorized as a socio-legal research. The results of the study conclude, firstly, regarding the effectiveness of the Regional Regulation on Cultural Heritage of Denpasar City, it can be reviewed from three sides, namely the role of regional officials, the rule of law, and legal awareness of the community. Second, the Regional Regulation on Cultural Heritage of Denpasar City is still not effective in regulating and implementing it in supporting the preservation and management of cultural heritage in Denpasar City. To achieve the legal effectiveness of the Denpasar City Cultural Heritage Regional Regulation, several strategies can be pursued, among others, the legal aspect strategy, the institutional aspect strategy, the physical aspect strategy and the financial aspect strategy.

Hukum Pidana Sebagai Last Resort Dalam Undang-Undang Perlindungan Dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup

Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum, 2020

This study aims to analyze the theoretical problems in placing criminal law as a last resort only... more This study aims to analyze the theoretical problems in placing criminal law as a last resort only on offenses in Article 100 paragraph (1) of the PPLH Law and the notion is related to the characteristics of environmental offenses. As a normative legal research, this study uses the statutory, the history, and the conceptual approaches. The results of the study concluded that the placement of criminal law as a last resort only in Article 100 paragraph (1) of the PPLH Law is theoretically problematic. The offenses in the Article, as well as the offenses in Article 101, Article 102, Article 103, Article 104, Article 107, and Article 109 (businesses/activities that are mandatory to EIA), meets the criteria for a real danger model (concrete endangerment) which requires direct contact between contaminated material and the environment carried out in an unlawful manner. Criminal law as a last resort should apply to offenses that enter the abstract endangerment model as regulated in Article 109 (businesses/activities related to UPL-UKL), Article 110, and Article 111 because they are purely administrative violations, there is no direct contact between material polluted with the environment, and protect ecological values indirectly through the provision of intervention mechanisms for the government to prevent environmental losses.

Pendekatan Hak Asasi Manusia Pada Sistem Pemidanaan Dan Putusan Perkara Korupsi

Veritas et Justitia, 2020

This juridical normative and empirical study is conducted with the aim at analyzing the relations... more This juridical normative and empirical study is conducted with the aim at analyzing the relationship between corruption and human rights violation. Two issues shall be discussed, i.e. what factors inhibits the use of human right approach in corruption cases and what changes can be made to the criminal justice system, especially in relation to the penal judgement. One factor inhibiting the use of a human right approach in handling corruption cases in the perspective of treating corruption as pure criminal act wholly unrelated to violation of human rights. To rectify this situation and accommodate this human right approach, the author recommends to prioritize and use fine which basic value is social welfare. Court decision in corruption cases, in addition, should when evaluating elements of crime charges, explicitly describe those rights of the victims which are violated and use this consideration in determining what penal sanction are to be given.

Pemetaan Tesis dalam Aliran-Aliran Filsafat Hukum dan Konsekuensi Metodologisnya

Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM, Apr 15, 2017

The main problems in this research: first, how are the theses constructed by the schools in legal... more The main problems in this research: first, how are the theses constructed by the schools in legal philosophy? Second, what are the methodological consequences that emerge dut the different theses of each school in legal philosophy? This research was a normative legal research. The result of the research concluded, first, every law school that exists in legal philosophy has different thesis from one to the other. The thesis of natural law school is the thesis of morality and normativity. Legal realism separates law and moral, and puts more importance on social facts. The thesis of Kelsen's pure theory of law is a synthesis of the thesis of natural law and empirical positivism/legal realism. The thesis of American Sociological Jurisprudence is a synthesis of the legal positivism and the school of history; it separates law and morals as well as the unity between law and fact. Meanwhile, the thesis of utilitarianism is the separation between law and moral as well as the unity between law and fact. Second, the thesis differences in the schools of legal philosophy have consequences on the methodology that is used.

From Separate Legal Entity to Economic Unity: The Criminal Liability of Parent Company

Jurnal Media Hukum, 2019

Corporate criminal liability has become an issue following the increase in corporate crimes. This... more Corporate criminal liability has become an issue following the increase in corporate crimes. This study discusses the possibility of parent company to deny liability for crimes committed by its subsidiary companies. This normative legal research employed qualitative analysis. The results showed that the parent company denied criminal liability by hiding behind the separate legal entities and limited liability doctrine. Through both doctrines, the parent company treats itself as a separate legal entity apart from the subsidiary company so that the former holds no liability for any crime committed by latter. Through piercing the corporate veil doctrine, the parent company intentionally uses the subsidiary company as a tool to maximize profits and applies total control. Therefore, based on the vicarious liability principle, the subsidiary company functioned as the parent company's agent. It works for or on behalf of the parent company in which every profit made is owned by the parent company.

Fondasi Ilmu Hukum Berketuhanan: Analisis Filosofis terhadap Ontologi, Epistemologi, dan Aksiologi

Pandecta: Research Law Journal, 2017

Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa ditempatkan sebagai sila pertama Pancasila. Implikasinya, pembaharuan, pe... more Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa ditempatkan sebagai sila pertama Pancasila. Implikasinya, pembaharuan, pembentukan, dan penegakan hukum di Indonesia harus bersumber pada nilai yang terkandung di dalam sila pertama tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk secara filosofis menganalisis ontologi, epistemologi, dan aksiologi ilmu hukum berketuhanan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan filosofis dan konseptual. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkap bahwa hakikat ilmu hukum berketuhanan adalah ilmu hukum yang dikembangkan berbasis pada nilai-nilai ketuhanan. Ia bukanlah ilmu hukum yang sekuler yakni ilmu hukum yang melepaskan diri nilai-nilai moral dan agama, melainkan ilmu hukum yang menjadikan nilai-nilai moral dan agama sebagai fondasi dalam pembaharuan, pembentukan, dan penegakan hukum. Kebenaran pengetahuan menurut ilmu hukum berketuhanan beranjak dari kebenaran firman Tuhan yang diwujudkan dalam bentuk nilai-nilai Pancasila yang selaras dengan nilai-nilai budaya b...

Penegakan Hukum Pidana Yang Optimal (Perspektif Analisis Ekonomi Atas Hukum)

Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM, 2008

Pengertian penegakan hukum pidana meliputi dua hal; yaitu, penegakan hukum pidana in abstracto da... more Pengertian penegakan hukum pidana meliputi dua hal; yaitu, penegakan hukum pidana in abstracto dan penegakan hukum pidana in concreto. Penegakan hukum pidana in abstracto dikonsepsikan sebagai suatu upaya untuk menanggulangi kejahatan melalui pembentukan aturan-aturan hukum pidana yang melarang suatu aktivitas tertentu. Penegakan hukum dalam konteks ini masih berupa rumusan-rumusan aturan-aturan tertentu (pasal) yang merupakan panduan bagi masyarakat untuk tidak melakukan tindakan-tindakan yang dilarang oleh aturan itu. Singkatnya, penegakan hukum pidana in abstracto ini masih belum ditegakkan secara langsung oleh aparat penegak hokum. Hal ini berbeda halnya dengan penegakan hukum pidana in concreto yang merupakan tindakan konkret aparat penegak hukum untuk menegakkan aturan-aturan hukum pidana yang masih abstrak tersebut. Ketika ada ketentuan yang melarang

Sistem Peradilan Pidana Progresif; Alternatif dalam Penegakan Hukum Pidana

Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM, 2007

Pendahuluan Penegakan hukum melalui sistem peradilan pidana saat ini masih didominasi oleh cara b... more Pendahuluan Penegakan hukum melalui sistem peradilan pidana saat ini masih didominasi oleh cara berpikir legisme, cara penegakan hukum (pidana) yang hanya bersandarkan kepada peraturan perundang-undangan semata. Cara seperti ini lebih melihat persoalan hukum sebagai persoalan hitam putih, padahal hukum itu bukanlah semata-mata ruang hampa yang steril dari konsep-konsep non hukum. Hukum harus pula dilihat dari perspektif sosial, perilaku yang senyatanya yang dapat diterima oleh dan bagi semua insan yang ada di dalamnya. Cara pandang legisme inilah yang menjadi salah satu penyebab krisis penegakan hukum di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, perlu alternatif lain di dalam menegakkan hukum sehingga ia sesuai dengan konteks sosialnya. Tulisan ini mengkaji lebih jauh gagasan hukum progresif, serta menganalisis penerapan gagasan tersebut dalam konteks sistem peradilan pidana.

Kriminalisasi Berbasis Hak Asasi Manusia Dalam Undang-Undang Bidang Lingkungan Hidup

JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW

Upaya kriminalisasi yang dilakukan melalui proses legislasi, tidak hanya sekedar membatasi perila... more Upaya kriminalisasi yang dilakukan melalui proses legislasi, tidak hanya sekedar membatasi perilaku tetapi juga memberi ancaman hukuman bagi pelanggarnya. Mengingat urgensi kriminalisasi adalah pembatasan hak, maka legislatif dalam merumuskan suatu perbuatan sebagai tindak pidana harus mengacu pada prinsip-prinsip pembatasan hak asasi manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis diskursus teoretik tentang kriminalisasi berbasis hak asasi manusia dalam undang-undang bidang lingkungan hidup. Sebagai penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual dan perundang-undangan, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa proses penetapan suatu perbuatan sebagai tindak pidana oleh negara harus sesuai dengan batas kemampuan hukum pidana. Kriminalisasi merupakan tindakan kekuasaan negara yang paling mengganggu terhadap kebebasan perilaku sosial masyarakat. Rumusan kriminalisasi dalam undang-undang bidang lingkungan hidup telah merefleksikan prinsip tujuan yang sah dalam hukum, tetapi belum sepenu...

Pencemaran Nama Baik Melalui Sarana Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (Kajian Putusan MK No. 2/PUU-VII/2009)

Jurnal Konstitusi

Libel crime is an offence attacking the honor and image of person. There are at least two element... more Libel crime is an offence attacking the honor and image of person. There are at least two elements in the libel crime in which a judge has an obligation to prove them, subjective and objective element as well as malice. An offender cannot be blamed for his/her conduct unless he/she commits these elements. In the term of article 27 (3) of electronic transaction and information act no 11 of 2008, its content is still in accordance with the rule of law conception and several articles of Indonesia Constitution of 1945 dealing with some fundamental rights of citizen and the right of freedom to express and to obtain information. State has untitled to make any limitation by prohibiting certain activities attacking the honor and image of person which is based on the same rights of the same freedom.

Implementation of the Criminal Justice System for Persons with Disabilities

Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 2021

The criminal justice system is built on the ideology of normality, a perspective that all people ... more The criminal justice system is built on the ideology of normality, a perspective that all people are physically and intellectually normal. Consequently, the process of investigation, prosecution and examination in court proceedings is only aimed at and designed for those who are normal. The existence of persons with disabilities has become marginalized and even forgotten. The rights of persons with disabilities are often violated both when they are perpetrators and witnesses/victims of criminal acts. In order for the criminal justice system to be pro for them, the medical approach should be abandoned and replaced with a social approach. Here what is needed is what the law enforcers need to fulfill at each stage of the criminal justice so that persons with disabilities have the right to a fair criminal trial. A profile assessment is necessary to determine the character, barriers and needs of persons with disabilities in the early stages of the criminal justice process.

Strict Liability for Environmental Offenses

This study aims to analyze the rationality and application of strict liability for environmental ... more This study aims to analyze the rationality and application of strict liability for environmental offenses in the Environmental Protection and Management Act of Indonesia. The strict liability set out in this law expressly applies only to civil cases and covers the possibility that it may be used in criminal matters. Normative legal research complemented by a statutory and conceptual approach was used. The results showed that it generally applies to regulatory offenses aimed at protecting the public interest. This doctrine is necessary to improve the long-term and prevents harm to people or the environment. The absence of mental element proof should be limited to offenses that are characterized by the administrative dependence of criminal law, which is reflected in the abstract and concrete endangerment models. The offense is formulated as formal offense by eliminating the element of the perpetrator's culpability, and it is therefore not necessary to prove it.

Inserting a Human Rights Approach Into Penal System and Corruption Judicial Decision in Indonesia

Researchers World : Journal of Arts, Science and Commerce, 2017

The Indonesian Anti Corruption Act perceives corruption not only related to state financial loss,... more The Indonesian Anti Corruption Act perceives corruption not only related to state financial loss, but also as a violation of economic and social rights. However, penal system and corruption judicial desicions ignore this philoshopical framework. Forms of criminal sanction and their impositions merely consider the rights of an accused and eliminate the economic and social rights of the society as a whole. These also reflect in the corruption judicial desicions where corruption cases become the scope of criminal law. The paper analyses deeply the factors why the dimension of human rights violations resulted from corruption is elimanated in the Indonesian penal system and corruption judicial desicion. Furthermore, it examines the implication of inserting a human rights approach into Indonesian penal system and corruption judicial decision. The methodology employed in the research is libary research and deep interview, while the approach used in the research is conceptual. The paper is both empirical and normative research. This research reveals that human rights approach changes the paradigm of Indonesian penal system and corruption judicial desicion.

Menolak Tindak Pidana Pasar Modal Dalam Perkara PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya Sebagai Korupsi

Jurnal Ius Constituendum

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ketidaktepatan putusan pengadilan perkara PT. AJS den... more Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ketidaktepatan putusan pengadilan perkara PT. AJS dengan terdakwa Benny Tjoktosaputro sebagai tindak pidana korupsi. Fokus kajian diarahkan kepada fakta hukum yang dinyatakan terbukti dalam pertimbangan hukum hakim terkait unsur delik dalam Pasal 2 ayat (1) Undang-undang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi. Riset ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan menjadikan putusan pengadilan sebagai bahan hukum primer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbuatan terdakwa dalam perkara a quo lebih tepat dikategorikan sebagai tindak pidana pasar modal. Perampasan harta benda yang sebagian besar kepunyaan anak usaha PT. Hanson International Tbk dan harta benda terdakwa yang diperoleh sebelum keterlibatannya dalam perkara tersebut juga tidak tepat dan melanggar hak asasi manusia. Penetapan kerugian keuangan negara sebesar Rp. 12.157.000.000.000 juga tidak dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. The purpose of this study is to examine the inaccuracy of the ...

Pengawasan Peredaran Barang Cetakan, Due Process Of Law dan Hak Atas Kebebasan Mengeluarkan Pendapat

Jurnal Konstitusi

Basically, the authority of attorney general to control the circulations of printed goods is acco... more Basically, the authority of attorney general to control the circulations of printed goods is accordance with the principle of due process of law, equality before the law, and the right of freedom of expression as stipulated in the constitution 1945. Interpreting these principles has close relationship with the basic principle of human right in Indonesia, rechtsidee, values, and world view containing in the five basic pillars of Pancasila that stresses more to the balance of right and obligation. In the context of judicial review of an article 30 (3) c act number 16 2004, the problem is not on the existence of its legal norm but on the procedure to implement it in which attorney general did not provide proper and accountable mechanism so that these three principles are not purely conducted.

Protecting Environment through Criminal Sanction Aggravation

Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies

This paper aims to explores the provision of aggravating criminal sanction that protects environm... more This paper aims to explores the provision of aggravating criminal sanction that protects environment in environmental legislation. By focusing on the four laws as its primary data source, this study employed doctrinal legal research. The results showed that the weight accorded to criminal sanctions in environmental legislation, has varied. The PPLH Law provides for the amplification of criminal threats directed at corporations by adding 1/3 (one-third) of the criminal sentence. Only companies are subject to the penalty aggravation provisions of the Mining Law, and they are only imposed with one-third of the maximum criminal provision of fines. In the PPPH Law, the imposition of criminal threats weight is simply related to the quantity component. If the culprit is a corporation or official, the criminal sanction aggravation is increased by one-third. In Plantation Law, if the offender is a corporate or a government official, then the criminal punishment is intensified. The environmen...

How to Balance the Flexible Norm and Lex Certa in Environmental Offenses?

Proceedings from the 1st International Conference on Law and Human Rights, ICLHR 2021, 14-15 April 2021, Jakarta, Indonesia, 2021

Environmental offenses are generally formulated in an abstract and flexible way because they refe... more Environmental offenses are generally formulated in an abstract and flexible way because they refer to the norms that have yet to be formulated by other administrative organs who have authority in the environmental sector. The formulation of such offenses is of course contrary to the principle of lex certa which requires that the offense must be formulated clearly and does not have multiple interpretations. With a clear formulation of offenses, individuals can easily understand offenses so they know the consequences if they break them. This article is specifically examined at how to balance the flexibility of norms and clarity of norms in the formulation of environmental offenses. The results of the research revealed that the formulation of environmental offenses that reflects this balance is to putting the core elements of offense in the Act and to leave the technical matters of offense in a government regulation. Even though on these technical matters, administrative officials are given the authority to determine whether or not there is a criminal act based on discretionary authority, this must not violate the principle of rationality and proportionality so that it still reflects a clarity of norms (the principle of legal certainty). An offense formula that is deemed unclear will become clear with science. The clarity of a legal norm is not only based on its formulation, but shifts to the underlying principle of justice.

Causation in Environmental Offense

This study is aimed at analyzing the inadequacy of theories on causality in criminal law to be ap... more This study is aimed at analyzing the inadequacy of theories on causality in criminal law to be applied to the offenses of environmental damage/pollution, and ideas about its use in relation to characteristic of environmental offense. This study belongs to normative legal research using the statutory, philosophical, and conceptual approaches. The study reveals that today, the environmental is philosophically placed both as a legal interest and victim of crime. Such crimes can directly threat or harm the environment. The environmental damage or pollution also threatens the rights of future generations to enjoy clean and healthy environment as an impact of principle of ubiquity. The amount of environmental damage is also difficult to calculate and the time span can occur decades later after the crime was committed. Therefore, the proof of causality must shift from the proof of factual consequences to the proof of effect under the basis of prediction of scientific knowledge. The transformation of scientific evidence into legal evidence is the main key in proving emerge of environmental damage/pollution.

Model Kriminalisasi Berbasis Kerugian Lingkungan Dan Aktualisasinya Dalam Undang-Undang 32 Tahun 2009 Tentang Perlindungan Dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis diskursus teoritik tentang kriminalisasi berbasis k... more ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis diskursus teoritik tentang kriminalisasi berbasis kerugian lingkungan hidup dan aktualisasinya dalam Undang-Undang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup. Sebagai penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa diskursus teoritik tentang model-model kriminalisasi berbasis kerugian lingkungan hidup mengacu kepada empat model yang selama ini berkembang, yaitu model bahaya abstrak, bahaya nyata, kerugian nyata, dan polusi lingkungan yang serius. Pada ketiga model pertama, hukum pidana masih belum melepaskan diri dari ketergantung administratif), sedangkan pada model terakhir, hukum pidana sudah melepaskan diri dari ketergantungan administratif. Hukum pidana tetap dapat digunakan apabila menimbulkan kerugian sangat serius sekalipun perbuatan tidak melawan hukum. Keempat model kriminalisasi tersebut teraktualisasi dalam UU PPLH. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan...

Bribery and Gratuity: Regulatory Analysis and Judicial Response

Jurnal Ius Constituendum, 2021

This paper is aimed at analyzing the concepts and parameters to determine an act as a bribery and... more This paper is aimed at analyzing the concepts and parameters to determine an act as a bribery and gratuity in the Anti-Corruption Law and court cases. This involved the application of the doctrinal legal research to understand these differences. The results of this study showed that bribery requires a meeting of mind between the bribe givers and bribe recipients which is not found in gratuity. The reporting mechanism and the reversal burden of proof do not apply to bribery while Operation Catching Hand does not apply to gratuity due to its inability to satisfy the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code. Criminal sanctions are also imposed on both the giver and the recipient of a bribe while the act of a giver in gratuity is not considered as a criminal offense. The study also found that the court failed to apply these essential differences.

Efektivitas Hukum Pelestarian Bangunan Dan Lingkungan Cagar Budaya Di Kota Denpasar

Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum, 2020

The Regional Regulation on Cultural Heritage of Denpasar City has been in effect for 5 years, it ... more The Regional Regulation on Cultural Heritage of Denpasar City has been in effect for 5 years, it is very important to assess its effectiveness. There are two problems raised in this study. First, how effective is the Denpasar City Cultural Heritage Regional Regulation? Second, what is the strategy to achieve the effectiveness of the Denpasar City Cultural Heritage Regional Regulation? Data analysis was carried out both from primary data from the results of interview data, and analysis of secondary data in the form of primary and secondary legal materials. Therefore, this research can be called a research that uses mixed methods or is categorized as a socio-legal research. The results of the study conclude, firstly, regarding the effectiveness of the Regional Regulation on Cultural Heritage of Denpasar City, it can be reviewed from three sides, namely the role of regional officials, the rule of law, and legal awareness of the community. Second, the Regional Regulation on Cultural Heritage of Denpasar City is still not effective in regulating and implementing it in supporting the preservation and management of cultural heritage in Denpasar City. To achieve the legal effectiveness of the Denpasar City Cultural Heritage Regional Regulation, several strategies can be pursued, among others, the legal aspect strategy, the institutional aspect strategy, the physical aspect strategy and the financial aspect strategy.

Hukum Pidana Sebagai Last Resort Dalam Undang-Undang Perlindungan Dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup

Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum, 2020

This study aims to analyze the theoretical problems in placing criminal law as a last resort only... more This study aims to analyze the theoretical problems in placing criminal law as a last resort only on offenses in Article 100 paragraph (1) of the PPLH Law and the notion is related to the characteristics of environmental offenses. As a normative legal research, this study uses the statutory, the history, and the conceptual approaches. The results of the study concluded that the placement of criminal law as a last resort only in Article 100 paragraph (1) of the PPLH Law is theoretically problematic. The offenses in the Article, as well as the offenses in Article 101, Article 102, Article 103, Article 104, Article 107, and Article 109 (businesses/activities that are mandatory to EIA), meets the criteria for a real danger model (concrete endangerment) which requires direct contact between contaminated material and the environment carried out in an unlawful manner. Criminal law as a last resort should apply to offenses that enter the abstract endangerment model as regulated in Article 109 (businesses/activities related to UPL-UKL), Article 110, and Article 111 because they are purely administrative violations, there is no direct contact between material polluted with the environment, and protect ecological values indirectly through the provision of intervention mechanisms for the government to prevent environmental losses.

Pendekatan Hak Asasi Manusia Pada Sistem Pemidanaan Dan Putusan Perkara Korupsi

Veritas et Justitia, 2020

This juridical normative and empirical study is conducted with the aim at analyzing the relations... more This juridical normative and empirical study is conducted with the aim at analyzing the relationship between corruption and human rights violation. Two issues shall be discussed, i.e. what factors inhibits the use of human right approach in corruption cases and what changes can be made to the criminal justice system, especially in relation to the penal judgement. One factor inhibiting the use of a human right approach in handling corruption cases in the perspective of treating corruption as pure criminal act wholly unrelated to violation of human rights. To rectify this situation and accommodate this human right approach, the author recommends to prioritize and use fine which basic value is social welfare. Court decision in corruption cases, in addition, should when evaluating elements of crime charges, explicitly describe those rights of the victims which are violated and use this consideration in determining what penal sanction are to be given.

Pemetaan Tesis dalam Aliran-Aliran Filsafat Hukum dan Konsekuensi Metodologisnya

Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM, Apr 15, 2017

The main problems in this research: first, how are the theses constructed by the schools in legal... more The main problems in this research: first, how are the theses constructed by the schools in legal philosophy? Second, what are the methodological consequences that emerge dut the different theses of each school in legal philosophy? This research was a normative legal research. The result of the research concluded, first, every law school that exists in legal philosophy has different thesis from one to the other. The thesis of natural law school is the thesis of morality and normativity. Legal realism separates law and moral, and puts more importance on social facts. The thesis of Kelsen's pure theory of law is a synthesis of the thesis of natural law and empirical positivism/legal realism. The thesis of American Sociological Jurisprudence is a synthesis of the legal positivism and the school of history; it separates law and morals as well as the unity between law and fact. Meanwhile, the thesis of utilitarianism is the separation between law and moral as well as the unity between law and fact. Second, the thesis differences in the schools of legal philosophy have consequences on the methodology that is used.

From Separate Legal Entity to Economic Unity: The Criminal Liability of Parent Company

Jurnal Media Hukum, 2019

Corporate criminal liability has become an issue following the increase in corporate crimes. This... more Corporate criminal liability has become an issue following the increase in corporate crimes. This study discusses the possibility of parent company to deny liability for crimes committed by its subsidiary companies. This normative legal research employed qualitative analysis. The results showed that the parent company denied criminal liability by hiding behind the separate legal entities and limited liability doctrine. Through both doctrines, the parent company treats itself as a separate legal entity apart from the subsidiary company so that the former holds no liability for any crime committed by latter. Through piercing the corporate veil doctrine, the parent company intentionally uses the subsidiary company as a tool to maximize profits and applies total control. Therefore, based on the vicarious liability principle, the subsidiary company functioned as the parent company's agent. It works for or on behalf of the parent company in which every profit made is owned by the parent company.

Fondasi Ilmu Hukum Berketuhanan: Analisis Filosofis terhadap Ontologi, Epistemologi, dan Aksiologi

Pandecta: Research Law Journal, 2017

Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa ditempatkan sebagai sila pertama Pancasila. Implikasinya, pembaharuan, pe... more Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa ditempatkan sebagai sila pertama Pancasila. Implikasinya, pembaharuan, pembentukan, dan penegakan hukum di Indonesia harus bersumber pada nilai yang terkandung di dalam sila pertama tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk secara filosofis menganalisis ontologi, epistemologi, dan aksiologi ilmu hukum berketuhanan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan filosofis dan konseptual. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkap bahwa hakikat ilmu hukum berketuhanan adalah ilmu hukum yang dikembangkan berbasis pada nilai-nilai ketuhanan. Ia bukanlah ilmu hukum yang sekuler yakni ilmu hukum yang melepaskan diri nilai-nilai moral dan agama, melainkan ilmu hukum yang menjadikan nilai-nilai moral dan agama sebagai fondasi dalam pembaharuan, pembentukan, dan penegakan hukum. Kebenaran pengetahuan menurut ilmu hukum berketuhanan beranjak dari kebenaran firman Tuhan yang diwujudkan dalam bentuk nilai-nilai Pancasila yang selaras dengan nilai-nilai budaya b...

Penegakan Hukum Pidana Yang Optimal (Perspektif Analisis Ekonomi Atas Hukum)

Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM, 2008

Pengertian penegakan hukum pidana meliputi dua hal; yaitu, penegakan hukum pidana in abstracto da... more Pengertian penegakan hukum pidana meliputi dua hal; yaitu, penegakan hukum pidana in abstracto dan penegakan hukum pidana in concreto. Penegakan hukum pidana in abstracto dikonsepsikan sebagai suatu upaya untuk menanggulangi kejahatan melalui pembentukan aturan-aturan hukum pidana yang melarang suatu aktivitas tertentu. Penegakan hukum dalam konteks ini masih berupa rumusan-rumusan aturan-aturan tertentu (pasal) yang merupakan panduan bagi masyarakat untuk tidak melakukan tindakan-tindakan yang dilarang oleh aturan itu. Singkatnya, penegakan hukum pidana in abstracto ini masih belum ditegakkan secara langsung oleh aparat penegak hokum. Hal ini berbeda halnya dengan penegakan hukum pidana in concreto yang merupakan tindakan konkret aparat penegak hukum untuk menegakkan aturan-aturan hukum pidana yang masih abstrak tersebut. Ketika ada ketentuan yang melarang

Sistem Peradilan Pidana Progresif; Alternatif dalam Penegakan Hukum Pidana

Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM, 2007

Pendahuluan Penegakan hukum melalui sistem peradilan pidana saat ini masih didominasi oleh cara b... more Pendahuluan Penegakan hukum melalui sistem peradilan pidana saat ini masih didominasi oleh cara berpikir legisme, cara penegakan hukum (pidana) yang hanya bersandarkan kepada peraturan perundang-undangan semata. Cara seperti ini lebih melihat persoalan hukum sebagai persoalan hitam putih, padahal hukum itu bukanlah semata-mata ruang hampa yang steril dari konsep-konsep non hukum. Hukum harus pula dilihat dari perspektif sosial, perilaku yang senyatanya yang dapat diterima oleh dan bagi semua insan yang ada di dalamnya. Cara pandang legisme inilah yang menjadi salah satu penyebab krisis penegakan hukum di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, perlu alternatif lain di dalam menegakkan hukum sehingga ia sesuai dengan konteks sosialnya. Tulisan ini mengkaji lebih jauh gagasan hukum progresif, serta menganalisis penerapan gagasan tersebut dalam konteks sistem peradilan pidana.