Colloidal systems consisting of monodomain superparamagnetic nanoparticles have been used in biom... more Colloidal systems consisting of monodomain superparamagnetic nanoparticles have been used in biomedical applications, such as the hyperthermia treatment for cancer. In this type of colloid, called a nanofluid, the nanoparticles tend to agglomeration. It has been shown experimentally that the nanoparticle coating plays an important role in the nanoparticle dispersion stability and biocompatibility. However, theoretical studies in this field are lacking. In addition, the ways in which the nanoparticle coating influences the magnetic properties of the nanoparticles are not yet understood. In order to fill in this gap, this study presents a numerical simulation model that elucidates how the nanoparticle coating affects the nanoparticle agglomeration tendency as well as the effective magnetic relaxation time of the system. To simulate the self-organization of the colloidal nanoparticles, a stochastic Langevin dynamics method was applied based on the effective Verlet-type algorithm. The Néel magnetic relaxation time was obtained via the Coffey method in an oblique magnetic field, adapted to the local magnetic field on a nanoparticle.
Currently, the magnetic hyperthermia induced by nanoparticles is of great interest in biomedical ... more Currently, the magnetic hyperthermia induced by nanoparticles is of great interest in biomedical applications. In the literature, we can find a lot of models for magnetic hyperthermia, but many of them do not give importance to a significant detail, such as the geometry of nanoparticle positions in the system. Usually, a nanofluid is treated by considering random positions of the nanoparticles, geometry that is actually characteristic to the composite nanoparticles. To assess the error which is frequently made, in this paper we propose a comparative analysis between the specific loss power (SLP) in case of a nanofluid and the SLP in case of a composite with magnetic nanoparticles. We are going to use a superparamagnetic hyperthermia model based on the improved model for calculating the Néel relaxation time in a magnetic field oblique to the nanoparticle magnetic anisotropy axes, and on the improved theoretical model LRT (linear response theory) for SLP. To generate the nanoparticle geometry in the system, we are going to apply a Monte Carlo method to a nanofluid, by minimising the interaction potentials in liquid medium and, for a composite environment, a method for generating random positions of the nanoparticles in a given volume.
The intensity of the gas absorption processes (oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulphur, etc.) from th... more The intensity of the gas absorption processes (oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulphur, etc.) from the furnace environment, the assimilation of flux additions and of inclusions, the slaf foaming are greatly influenced by the surface pressure. The slag surface pressure is influenced by its components, an influence that is transmitted upon the slag-steel interface pressure too. The researches aimed to establish some correlation relationships between the surface pressure, temperature and chemical composition of the slag, analytically and graphically expressed, by processing the data in the MathCAD program. The best chemical compositions of the lubrication fluxes are established based on these correlations and by comparing them with those obtained for the viscosity variation.
In the steel continuous casting process, the mould lubrication has a very important technological... more In the steel continuous casting process, the mould lubrication has a very important technological role, with direct effects on the continuous cast blank quality. The lubrication process is directly influenced by the synthetic flux viscosity (slag thickness), which is determined on its turn by the chemical composition and the temperature. The researches made aimed to establish some correlation relationships between the viscosity, chemical composition and temperature, analytically and graphically expressed, by processing the data in the Matlab program. Based on these correlations the best chemical compositions of the lubrication fluxes are established.
In magnetic hyperthermia, the effectiveness for tumour cell destruction is measured by the specif... more In magnetic hyperthermia, the effectiveness for tumour cell destruction is measured by the specific loss power. Theoretically, within the medically accepted ranges for the amplitude and frequency of the applied magnetic field, if energy losses in nanofluids occur through magnetic relaxation processes, the specific loss power is calculated based on the linear response theory. In this theory, the specific loss power depends on the effective magnetic relaxation time of the colloidal nanoparticle system which involves either the Brownian relaxation time or the Néel relaxation time. All theoretical approaches to the Néel relaxation time show that it depends directly on the diffusional relaxation time and inversely on the smallest non-vanishing eigenvalue of the Fokker-Planck equation, where the damping constant is expressed one way or another by a value, generally unknown, which in most cases is approximated. This paper shows through a numerical experiment how the damping constant influences the specific loss power, referring to some benchmarks on how to choose the most accurate value of this constant in the case of magnetite nanoparticles, mostly used in magnetic hyperthermia applications. Following an uninspired choice of the damping constant value, the simulated or calculated data can deviate from the experimentally determined data, even if, in general, the model is correct and as close as possible to reality.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2017
Adopting the most appropriate technology for developing applications on an integrated software sy... more Adopting the most appropriate technology for developing applications on an integrated software system for enterprises, may result in great savings both in cost and hours of work. This paper proposes a research study for the determination of a hierarchy between three SAP (System Applications and Products in Data Processing) technologies. The technologies Web Dynpro-WD, Floorplan Manager-FPM and CRM WebClient UI-CRM WCUI are multi-criteria evaluated in terms of the obtained performances through the implementation of the same web business application. To establish the hierarchy a multi-criteria analysis model that combines the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) methods was proposed. This model was built with the help of the SuperDecision software. This software is based on the AHP method and determines the weights for the selected sets of criteria. The TOPSIS method was used to obtain the final ranking and the technologies hierarchy.
The monodomain magnetic nanoparticle based colloids are mainly used in biomedical applica tions. ... more The monodomain magnetic nanoparticle based colloids are mainly used in biomedical applica tions. In this type of colloids, there is a tendency of agglomeration even in the absence of external magnetic field. So, the Néel magnetic relaxation time of the system is affected by that tendency. In this paper, we pro pose a model to study how the nanoparticle tendency to agglomerate in the nanofluid affects the Néel relax ation time of the system. For simulating the self organization of colloidal nanoparticles, we apply a Monte Carlo method, and the Néel magnetic relaxation time is assessed through the adaptation and solution of Cof fey equations in oblique magnetic field, adapted to the local magnetic field on a nanoparticle.
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Oct 1, 2013
This paper presents a study about the possibility to switch a magnetic dense nanoparticle system ... more This paper presents a study about the possibility to switch a magnetic dense nanoparticle system from a superparamagnetic state to an ordered state, called superferromagnetism. We start from the idea that the magnetic state of the system is influenced not only by the magnetic interactions between the nanoparticles, but also by the distribution of the nanoparticle sizes and the distribution of the effective anisotropy constants. By using stochastic methods and models, we superpose these conditions and we search, in accordance with the effects, the parameters for controlling the transition from the superparamagnetic to the superferromagnetic state.
Carpathian Journal of Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2015
The paper presents a monitoring solution for flow measurement through Web Dynpro ABAP interface. ... more The paper presents a monitoring solution for flow measurement through Web Dynpro ABAP interface. The use of integrated software systems in companies currently represents an essential condition for providing higher and more reliable access to information resources. The SAP Netweaver, a multilingual & multitasking system based on the three-tier client-server technology, is one of the mostly used integrated platforms implemented in companies.
The protein folding problem is one of the most challenging problems in biochemistry and is an imp... more The protein folding problem is one of the most challenging problems in biochemistry and is an important problem in bioinformatics. The Protein Structure Prediction Problem consists in predicting of the 3D native conformation of a protein, when its sequence of aminoacids is known. All current computer models of the problem are limited by the processing performance of actual computers.The previous research offers few approaches that make use of multiagent systems to resolve this problem. In this paper we present an agent-based framework for protein structure prediction, composed by autonomous agents which collaborate in order to find a solution using Distributed Constraint Satisfaction Problem (DisCSP). Each amino acid of an input protein is viewed as an autonomous agent that communicates with others by transmitting messages. DisCSPs are composed of agents, each owning its local constraint network. Variables in different agents are connected by constraints, agents must assign values t...
This paper presents an evaluation of the parallel processing for meshless algorithm for solving N... more This paper presents an evaluation of the parallel processing for meshless algorithm for solving Navier-Stokes problems in fluid dynamics. The fluid dynamics existing solvers take use of finite element methods which are cumbersome and very exhaustive in computational resources. Meshless algorithms uses a different approaches using high level eigenvalue solvers. In order to evaluate the parallel processing performance, a cluster using Matlab development environment was build. Using the Matlab parallel and distributed toolbox it was possible to perform a profiling of the algorithm and to observe the eventual bottlenecks and flaws of the algorithm. Using this approach we obtained a very effective tool for processing the numerical stability investigation of the swirling flow in the Francis hydropower turbine.
Currently, the colloidal systems of monodomain superparamagnetic nanoparticles are used in biomed... more Currently, the colloidal systems of monodomain superparamagnetic nanoparticles are used in biomedical applications, such as hyperthermia treatment for cancer. In this type of colloid, called nanofluid, there is a tendency of nanoparticle agglomeration. It has been shown experimentally that the nanoparticle coating plays an important role in the nanoparticle dispersion stability and biocompatibility, which role was theoretically understudied so far. Also, the implications of nanoparticle coating on the magnetic properties of the nanoparticles have been little studied. This paper presents the theoretical study, by numerical simulation, on how the nanoparticle coating affects the tendency of agglomeration of the nanoparticles and the Néel relaxation time – or the effective magnetic relaxation time of the system. For simulating the self-organization of colloidal nanoparticles, we apply a Langevin dynamics stochastic method based on an effective Verlet-type algorithm, and the Néel magne...
International Journal of Modern Education and Computer Science, 2018
In general, the act of teaching in universities of the numerical methods of electromagnetic field... more In general, the act of teaching in universities of the numerical methods of electromagnetic field simulation is a rather difficult action. In order to facilitate this act, it is necessary to use modern didactic means that complement the classical ones, so that the students understand in an interactive manner the method, the algorithm and its implementation into a programming language. This paper proposes a didactic method able to facilitate the understanding of numerical methods in electromagnetism. It's about of a didactic application with graphical interface, programmed using the Guide Matlab to simulate the electromagnetic waves propagation through various environments and applying the finitedifference time-domain method (FDTD).
The paper analyses the operation of a single phasethree phase frequency converter, built with ins... more The paper analyses the operation of a single phasethree phase frequency converter, built with insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBT). The bridge inverter control is made via the Basys 2 development board which generates voltages, at the output terminals, compatible with the logic levels of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuits. The diagram for obtaining the control pulses is realized with Xilinx software that allows changing the output frequency to a value of 1 KHz. The analysis of converter operation shall be made using either a resistive load or an inductive load. The installation model presented in the paper highlights the operation modality and the study possibility, by experiments at various frequencies and load circuits. By analyzing the waveforms obtained in various points of the circuit diagram, it results the possibility to improve certain operating parameters over others, according to the user requirements and the regulations in force for a harmonic regime.
In nanomagnetism, the studies of magnetic nanoparticle systems are of particular interest from bo... more In nanomagnetism, the studies of magnetic nanoparticle systems are of particular interest from both experimental and theoretical points of view. Experimentally, the measurements made on such a system are hard to interpret. It is very difficult to distinguish the effect of the magnetic dipole interactions from the effects of size distribution or effective magnetic anisotropy constants. In this respect, the simulation models can help. This paper presents a study comparing the two conventional approaches, using simulation models for the magnetic relaxation dynamics of nanoparticle systems, i.e. a phenomenological Ising-type approach, on two levels, and a stochastic approach. The paper also shows a way of using these approaches in creating a model to simulate the Néel magnetic relaxation time for aligned magnetic nanoparticle systems.
With increasing interest in realising new magnetic materials, the magnetic behaviour of the nanop... more With increasing interest in realising new magnetic materials, the magnetic behaviour of the nanoparticle disperse systems became an important problem both from the experimental point of view and from the theoretical one The researches performed in the last period show that, by controlling the size distribution, the effective anisotropy constant and the nanoparticle concentration, the nanoparticle disperse systems can be used for realising magnetic materials with special properties This paper presents a modality to determine the effective anisotropy constant of the mixed ferrite nanoparticle of NiZn, dispersed in the solid organic dielectric matrix-Nestrapol 450 In this respect, there are realised samples with low nanoparticle concentration, which are studied in dynamic magnetic fields through the 0-metnc method, using a coaxial transmission line in short-circuit So, it can determine the dependence of the complex magnetic permeability components, the tangent of the magnetic loss angles and material quality factor, on the frequency, and then we can calculate the medium N6el relaxation time and the effective anisotropy constant of the nanoparticles
Colloidal systems consisting of monodomain superparamagnetic nanoparticles have been used in biom... more Colloidal systems consisting of monodomain superparamagnetic nanoparticles have been used in biomedical applications, such as the hyperthermia treatment for cancer. In this type of colloid, called a nanofluid, the nanoparticles tend to agglomeration. It has been shown experimentally that the nanoparticle coating plays an important role in the nanoparticle dispersion stability and biocompatibility. However, theoretical studies in this field are lacking. In addition, the ways in which the nanoparticle coating influences the magnetic properties of the nanoparticles are not yet understood. In order to fill in this gap, this study presents a numerical simulation model that elucidates how the nanoparticle coating affects the nanoparticle agglomeration tendency as well as the effective magnetic relaxation time of the system. To simulate the self-organization of the colloidal nanoparticles, a stochastic Langevin dynamics method was applied based on the effective Verlet-type algorithm. The Néel magnetic relaxation time was obtained via the Coffey method in an oblique magnetic field, adapted to the local magnetic field on a nanoparticle.
Currently, the magnetic hyperthermia induced by nanoparticles is of great interest in biomedical ... more Currently, the magnetic hyperthermia induced by nanoparticles is of great interest in biomedical applications. In the literature, we can find a lot of models for magnetic hyperthermia, but many of them do not give importance to a significant detail, such as the geometry of nanoparticle positions in the system. Usually, a nanofluid is treated by considering random positions of the nanoparticles, geometry that is actually characteristic to the composite nanoparticles. To assess the error which is frequently made, in this paper we propose a comparative analysis between the specific loss power (SLP) in case of a nanofluid and the SLP in case of a composite with magnetic nanoparticles. We are going to use a superparamagnetic hyperthermia model based on the improved model for calculating the Néel relaxation time in a magnetic field oblique to the nanoparticle magnetic anisotropy axes, and on the improved theoretical model LRT (linear response theory) for SLP. To generate the nanoparticle geometry in the system, we are going to apply a Monte Carlo method to a nanofluid, by minimising the interaction potentials in liquid medium and, for a composite environment, a method for generating random positions of the nanoparticles in a given volume.
The intensity of the gas absorption processes (oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulphur, etc.) from th... more The intensity of the gas absorption processes (oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulphur, etc.) from the furnace environment, the assimilation of flux additions and of inclusions, the slaf foaming are greatly influenced by the surface pressure. The slag surface pressure is influenced by its components, an influence that is transmitted upon the slag-steel interface pressure too. The researches aimed to establish some correlation relationships between the surface pressure, temperature and chemical composition of the slag, analytically and graphically expressed, by processing the data in the MathCAD program. The best chemical compositions of the lubrication fluxes are established based on these correlations and by comparing them with those obtained for the viscosity variation.
In the steel continuous casting process, the mould lubrication has a very important technological... more In the steel continuous casting process, the mould lubrication has a very important technological role, with direct effects on the continuous cast blank quality. The lubrication process is directly influenced by the synthetic flux viscosity (slag thickness), which is determined on its turn by the chemical composition and the temperature. The researches made aimed to establish some correlation relationships between the viscosity, chemical composition and temperature, analytically and graphically expressed, by processing the data in the Matlab program. Based on these correlations the best chemical compositions of the lubrication fluxes are established.
In magnetic hyperthermia, the effectiveness for tumour cell destruction is measured by the specif... more In magnetic hyperthermia, the effectiveness for tumour cell destruction is measured by the specific loss power. Theoretically, within the medically accepted ranges for the amplitude and frequency of the applied magnetic field, if energy losses in nanofluids occur through magnetic relaxation processes, the specific loss power is calculated based on the linear response theory. In this theory, the specific loss power depends on the effective magnetic relaxation time of the colloidal nanoparticle system which involves either the Brownian relaxation time or the Néel relaxation time. All theoretical approaches to the Néel relaxation time show that it depends directly on the diffusional relaxation time and inversely on the smallest non-vanishing eigenvalue of the Fokker-Planck equation, where the damping constant is expressed one way or another by a value, generally unknown, which in most cases is approximated. This paper shows through a numerical experiment how the damping constant influences the specific loss power, referring to some benchmarks on how to choose the most accurate value of this constant in the case of magnetite nanoparticles, mostly used in magnetic hyperthermia applications. Following an uninspired choice of the damping constant value, the simulated or calculated data can deviate from the experimentally determined data, even if, in general, the model is correct and as close as possible to reality.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2017
Adopting the most appropriate technology for developing applications on an integrated software sy... more Adopting the most appropriate technology for developing applications on an integrated software system for enterprises, may result in great savings both in cost and hours of work. This paper proposes a research study for the determination of a hierarchy between three SAP (System Applications and Products in Data Processing) technologies. The technologies Web Dynpro-WD, Floorplan Manager-FPM and CRM WebClient UI-CRM WCUI are multi-criteria evaluated in terms of the obtained performances through the implementation of the same web business application. To establish the hierarchy a multi-criteria analysis model that combines the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) methods was proposed. This model was built with the help of the SuperDecision software. This software is based on the AHP method and determines the weights for the selected sets of criteria. The TOPSIS method was used to obtain the final ranking and the technologies hierarchy.
The monodomain magnetic nanoparticle based colloids are mainly used in biomedical applica tions. ... more The monodomain magnetic nanoparticle based colloids are mainly used in biomedical applica tions. In this type of colloids, there is a tendency of agglomeration even in the absence of external magnetic field. So, the Néel magnetic relaxation time of the system is affected by that tendency. In this paper, we pro pose a model to study how the nanoparticle tendency to agglomerate in the nanofluid affects the Néel relax ation time of the system. For simulating the self organization of colloidal nanoparticles, we apply a Monte Carlo method, and the Néel magnetic relaxation time is assessed through the adaptation and solution of Cof fey equations in oblique magnetic field, adapted to the local magnetic field on a nanoparticle.
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Oct 1, 2013
This paper presents a study about the possibility to switch a magnetic dense nanoparticle system ... more This paper presents a study about the possibility to switch a magnetic dense nanoparticle system from a superparamagnetic state to an ordered state, called superferromagnetism. We start from the idea that the magnetic state of the system is influenced not only by the magnetic interactions between the nanoparticles, but also by the distribution of the nanoparticle sizes and the distribution of the effective anisotropy constants. By using stochastic methods and models, we superpose these conditions and we search, in accordance with the effects, the parameters for controlling the transition from the superparamagnetic to the superferromagnetic state.
Carpathian Journal of Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2015
The paper presents a monitoring solution for flow measurement through Web Dynpro ABAP interface. ... more The paper presents a monitoring solution for flow measurement through Web Dynpro ABAP interface. The use of integrated software systems in companies currently represents an essential condition for providing higher and more reliable access to information resources. The SAP Netweaver, a multilingual & multitasking system based on the three-tier client-server technology, is one of the mostly used integrated platforms implemented in companies.
The protein folding problem is one of the most challenging problems in biochemistry and is an imp... more The protein folding problem is one of the most challenging problems in biochemistry and is an important problem in bioinformatics. The Protein Structure Prediction Problem consists in predicting of the 3D native conformation of a protein, when its sequence of aminoacids is known. All current computer models of the problem are limited by the processing performance of actual computers.The previous research offers few approaches that make use of multiagent systems to resolve this problem. In this paper we present an agent-based framework for protein structure prediction, composed by autonomous agents which collaborate in order to find a solution using Distributed Constraint Satisfaction Problem (DisCSP). Each amino acid of an input protein is viewed as an autonomous agent that communicates with others by transmitting messages. DisCSPs are composed of agents, each owning its local constraint network. Variables in different agents are connected by constraints, agents must assign values t...
This paper presents an evaluation of the parallel processing for meshless algorithm for solving N... more This paper presents an evaluation of the parallel processing for meshless algorithm for solving Navier-Stokes problems in fluid dynamics. The fluid dynamics existing solvers take use of finite element methods which are cumbersome and very exhaustive in computational resources. Meshless algorithms uses a different approaches using high level eigenvalue solvers. In order to evaluate the parallel processing performance, a cluster using Matlab development environment was build. Using the Matlab parallel and distributed toolbox it was possible to perform a profiling of the algorithm and to observe the eventual bottlenecks and flaws of the algorithm. Using this approach we obtained a very effective tool for processing the numerical stability investigation of the swirling flow in the Francis hydropower turbine.
Currently, the colloidal systems of monodomain superparamagnetic nanoparticles are used in biomed... more Currently, the colloidal systems of monodomain superparamagnetic nanoparticles are used in biomedical applications, such as hyperthermia treatment for cancer. In this type of colloid, called nanofluid, there is a tendency of nanoparticle agglomeration. It has been shown experimentally that the nanoparticle coating plays an important role in the nanoparticle dispersion stability and biocompatibility, which role was theoretically understudied so far. Also, the implications of nanoparticle coating on the magnetic properties of the nanoparticles have been little studied. This paper presents the theoretical study, by numerical simulation, on how the nanoparticle coating affects the tendency of agglomeration of the nanoparticles and the Néel relaxation time – or the effective magnetic relaxation time of the system. For simulating the self-organization of colloidal nanoparticles, we apply a Langevin dynamics stochastic method based on an effective Verlet-type algorithm, and the Néel magne...
International Journal of Modern Education and Computer Science, 2018
In general, the act of teaching in universities of the numerical methods of electromagnetic field... more In general, the act of teaching in universities of the numerical methods of electromagnetic field simulation is a rather difficult action. In order to facilitate this act, it is necessary to use modern didactic means that complement the classical ones, so that the students understand in an interactive manner the method, the algorithm and its implementation into a programming language. This paper proposes a didactic method able to facilitate the understanding of numerical methods in electromagnetism. It's about of a didactic application with graphical interface, programmed using the Guide Matlab to simulate the electromagnetic waves propagation through various environments and applying the finitedifference time-domain method (FDTD).
The paper analyses the operation of a single phasethree phase frequency converter, built with ins... more The paper analyses the operation of a single phasethree phase frequency converter, built with insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBT). The bridge inverter control is made via the Basys 2 development board which generates voltages, at the output terminals, compatible with the logic levels of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuits. The diagram for obtaining the control pulses is realized with Xilinx software that allows changing the output frequency to a value of 1 KHz. The analysis of converter operation shall be made using either a resistive load or an inductive load. The installation model presented in the paper highlights the operation modality and the study possibility, by experiments at various frequencies and load circuits. By analyzing the waveforms obtained in various points of the circuit diagram, it results the possibility to improve certain operating parameters over others, according to the user requirements and the regulations in force for a harmonic regime.
In nanomagnetism, the studies of magnetic nanoparticle systems are of particular interest from bo... more In nanomagnetism, the studies of magnetic nanoparticle systems are of particular interest from both experimental and theoretical points of view. Experimentally, the measurements made on such a system are hard to interpret. It is very difficult to distinguish the effect of the magnetic dipole interactions from the effects of size distribution or effective magnetic anisotropy constants. In this respect, the simulation models can help. This paper presents a study comparing the two conventional approaches, using simulation models for the magnetic relaxation dynamics of nanoparticle systems, i.e. a phenomenological Ising-type approach, on two levels, and a stochastic approach. The paper also shows a way of using these approaches in creating a model to simulate the Néel magnetic relaxation time for aligned magnetic nanoparticle systems.
With increasing interest in realising new magnetic materials, the magnetic behaviour of the nanop... more With increasing interest in realising new magnetic materials, the magnetic behaviour of the nanoparticle disperse systems became an important problem both from the experimental point of view and from the theoretical one The researches performed in the last period show that, by controlling the size distribution, the effective anisotropy constant and the nanoparticle concentration, the nanoparticle disperse systems can be used for realising magnetic materials with special properties This paper presents a modality to determine the effective anisotropy constant of the mixed ferrite nanoparticle of NiZn, dispersed in the solid organic dielectric matrix-Nestrapol 450 In this respect, there are realised samples with low nanoparticle concentration, which are studied in dynamic magnetic fields through the 0-metnc method, using a coaxial transmission line in short-circuit So, it can determine the dependence of the complex magnetic permeability components, the tangent of the magnetic loss angles and material quality factor, on the frequency, and then we can calculate the medium N6el relaxation time and the effective anisotropy constant of the nanoparticles
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Papers by Mihaela Osaci