A prototype Shigella human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 DNA vaccine vector was con... more A prototype Shigella human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 DNA vaccine vector was constructed and evaluated for immunogenicity in a murine model. For comparative purposes, mice were also vaccinated with a vaccinia virus-env (vaccinia-env) vector or the gp120 DNA vaccine alone. Enumeration of the CD8 ؉ -T-cell responses to gp120 after vaccination using a gamma interferon enzyme-linked spot assay revealed that a single intranasal dose of the Shigella HIV-1 gp120 DNA vaccine vector elicited a CD8 ؉ T-cell response to gp120, the magnitude of which was comparable to the sizes of the analogous responses to gp120 that developed in mice vaccinated intraperitoneally with the vaccinia-env vector or intramuscularly with the gp120 DNA vaccine. In addition, a single dose of the Shigella gp120 DNA vaccine vector afforded significant protection against a vaccinia-env challenge. Moreover, the number of vaccinia-env PFU recovered in mice vaccinated intranasally with the Shigella vector was about fivefold less than the number recovered from mice vaccinated intramuscularly with the gp120 DNA vaccine. Since the Shigella vector did not express detectable levels of gp120, this report confirms that Shigella vectors are capable of delivering passenger DNA vaccines to host cells and inducing robust CD8 ؉ T-cell responses to antigens expressed by the DNA vaccines. Furthermore, to our knowledge, this is the first documentation of antiviral protective immunity following vaccination with a live Shigella DNA vaccine vector.
CD8 + T-cell responses provide beneficial antiviral immunity against human immunodeficiency virus... more CD8 + T-cell responses provide beneficial antiviral immunity against human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). In this study, we show that intragastric vaccination with a Salmonella HIV-1 Env DNA vaccine vector generates Env-specific CD8 + T-cells, both in mucosal and systemic lymphoid tissue. By contrast, intramuscular vaccination with the Env DNA vaccine alone only induced systemic CD8 + T-cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing both mucosal and systemic CD8 + T-cell responses following vaccination with a Salmonella vaccine vector. These data suggest that this mode of HIV-1 DNA vaccine delivery will be advantageous over parenterally administered HIV-1 DNA vaccines.
BACTERIAL vectors have provided a vaccine technology with broad applicability that could have a s... more BACTERIAL vectors have provided a vaccine technology with broad applicability that could have a significant impact on vaccine development worldwide. Over the past 15 years, experimental bacterial vaccine vectors have been produced that elicit immune responses against bacterial, viral, protozoan and metazoan pathogens in laboratory animals. Bacterial vectors possess five advantageous attributes: (1) they are relatively inexpensive to manufacture and are well suited to large-scale administration in both developed and developing countries; (2) nonreverting attenuated bacterial strains have been developed that are attenuated in immunosuppressed animals 1-5 , a property that guards against unintentional vaccination of individuals with unreported immunosuppressive diseases; (3) the bacterial vectors that are currently being developed for use in humans are sensitive to antibiotics 1,2,4,6-9 , thus, unlike viral vaccine vectors, treatment with antibiotics is possible if an adverse reaction occurs during large-scale vaccination trials; (4) they can be administered orally, which is practical and reliable in large-scale public health vaccination programs 10-19 , also there is a high level of compliance displayed by clinical cohorts in oral vaccine field trials 10-19 ; and (5) the tropism of enteric bacterial vectors for dendritic cells and macrophages in the lymphoid tissue of the intestinal mucosa 20-23 naturally targets them to these sites, allowing for the development of mucosal vaccines. The importance of mucosal immunity in vaccine development is beyond the scope of this review and has been reviewed elsewhere 24 . Based on these potential strengths, the vector properties of bacteria from four genera have been studied extensively.
Quality control in ceramic tile manufacturing is hard, labour intensive and it is performed in a ... more Quality control in ceramic tile manufacturing is hard, labour intensive and it is performed in a harsh industrial environment with noise, extreme temperature and humidity. It can be divided into colour analysis, dimension verification, and surface defect detection, which is the main purpose of our work. Defects detection is still based on the judgment of human operators while most of the other manufacturing activities are automated so, our work is a quality control enhancement by integrating a visual control stage using image processing and morphological operation techniques before the packing operation to improve the homogeneity of batches received by final users. An automated defect detection and classification technique that can ensured the better quality of tiles in manufacturing process as well as production rate.
Granulocytic sarcoma rarely presents an effusion. We have described an unusual case of granulocyt... more Granulocytic sarcoma rarely presents an effusion. We have described an unusual case of granulocytic sarcoma with ascites. Malignant cells may be confused with adenocarcinoma. Eosinophilic myelocytes, peroxidase-positive malignant cells, and the Philadelphia chromosome in the ascitic fluid cells established the definitive diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma.
A prototype Shigella human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 DNA vaccine vector was con... more A prototype Shigella human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 DNA vaccine vector was constructed and evaluated for immunogenicity in a murine model. For comparative purposes, mice were also vaccinated with a vaccinia virus-env (vaccinia-env) vector or the gp120 DNA vaccine alone. Enumeration of the CD8 ؉ -T-cell responses to gp120 after vaccination using a gamma interferon enzyme-linked spot assay revealed that a single intranasal dose of the Shigella HIV-1 gp120 DNA vaccine vector elicited a CD8 ؉ T-cell response to gp120, the magnitude of which was comparable to the sizes of the analogous responses to gp120 that developed in mice vaccinated intraperitoneally with the vaccinia-env vector or intramuscularly with the gp120 DNA vaccine. In addition, a single dose of the Shigella gp120 DNA vaccine vector afforded significant protection against a vaccinia-env challenge. Moreover, the number of vaccinia-env PFU recovered in mice vaccinated intranasally with the Shigella vector was about fivefold less than the number recovered from mice vaccinated intramuscularly with the gp120 DNA vaccine. Since the Shigella vector did not express detectable levels of gp120, this report confirms that Shigella vectors are capable of delivering passenger DNA vaccines to host cells and inducing robust CD8 ؉ T-cell responses to antigens expressed by the DNA vaccines. Furthermore, to our knowledge, this is the first documentation of antiviral protective immunity following vaccination with a live Shigella DNA vaccine vector.
CD8 + T-cell responses provide beneficial antiviral immunity against human immunodeficiency virus... more CD8 + T-cell responses provide beneficial antiviral immunity against human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). In this study, we show that intragastric vaccination with a Salmonella HIV-1 Env DNA vaccine vector generates Env-specific CD8 + T-cells, both in mucosal and systemic lymphoid tissue. By contrast, intramuscular vaccination with the Env DNA vaccine alone only induced systemic CD8 + T-cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing both mucosal and systemic CD8 + T-cell responses following vaccination with a Salmonella vaccine vector. These data suggest that this mode of HIV-1 DNA vaccine delivery will be advantageous over parenterally administered HIV-1 DNA vaccines.
BACTERIAL vectors have provided a vaccine technology with broad applicability that could have a s... more BACTERIAL vectors have provided a vaccine technology with broad applicability that could have a significant impact on vaccine development worldwide. Over the past 15 years, experimental bacterial vaccine vectors have been produced that elicit immune responses against bacterial, viral, protozoan and metazoan pathogens in laboratory animals. Bacterial vectors possess five advantageous attributes: (1) they are relatively inexpensive to manufacture and are well suited to large-scale administration in both developed and developing countries; (2) nonreverting attenuated bacterial strains have been developed that are attenuated in immunosuppressed animals 1-5 , a property that guards against unintentional vaccination of individuals with unreported immunosuppressive diseases; (3) the bacterial vectors that are currently being developed for use in humans are sensitive to antibiotics 1,2,4,6-9 , thus, unlike viral vaccine vectors, treatment with antibiotics is possible if an adverse reaction occurs during large-scale vaccination trials; (4) they can be administered orally, which is practical and reliable in large-scale public health vaccination programs 10-19 , also there is a high level of compliance displayed by clinical cohorts in oral vaccine field trials 10-19 ; and (5) the tropism of enteric bacterial vectors for dendritic cells and macrophages in the lymphoid tissue of the intestinal mucosa 20-23 naturally targets them to these sites, allowing for the development of mucosal vaccines. The importance of mucosal immunity in vaccine development is beyond the scope of this review and has been reviewed elsewhere 24 . Based on these potential strengths, the vector properties of bacteria from four genera have been studied extensively.
Quality control in ceramic tile manufacturing is hard, labour intensive and it is performed in a ... more Quality control in ceramic tile manufacturing is hard, labour intensive and it is performed in a harsh industrial environment with noise, extreme temperature and humidity. It can be divided into colour analysis, dimension verification, and surface defect detection, which is the main purpose of our work. Defects detection is still based on the judgment of human operators while most of the other manufacturing activities are automated so, our work is a quality control enhancement by integrating a visual control stage using image processing and morphological operation techniques before the packing operation to improve the homogeneity of batches received by final users. An automated defect detection and classification technique that can ensured the better quality of tiles in manufacturing process as well as production rate.
Granulocytic sarcoma rarely presents an effusion. We have described an unusual case of granulocyt... more Granulocytic sarcoma rarely presents an effusion. We have described an unusual case of granulocytic sarcoma with ascites. Malignant cells may be confused with adenocarcinoma. Eosinophilic myelocytes, peroxidase-positive malignant cells, and the Philadelphia chromosome in the ascitic fluid cells established the definitive diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma.
Uploads
Papers by MOHAMED TAREK