This paper describes population mobility across borders experienced by Pakistan during the past f... more This paper describes population mobility across borders experienced by Pakistan during the past fifty years. Some consequences of this mobility have also been briefly mentioned. The dichotomy of this population mobility into inward and outward flow reveals that while the former can be traced to political factors like the partition of the Subcontinent and the Afghan war, the latter mostly represents a job-oriented move. Every flow is associated with its own set of effects, difficult to be encompassed by a single research exercise. Migration from India in the wake of partition is associated with a higher level of urbanisation and a rise in religious homogeneity associated at the same time with increased ethnic diversity, which according to some can be linked with the current Karachi situation. Pakistan also engaged in manpower export and experienced brain-drain. Both of these outward flows, to some extent rooted in history, have particular effects for the society and economy. These di...
Economic progress entails various shifts in resource allocations. A progressive deployment of fac... more Economic progress entails various shifts in resource allocations. A progressive deployment of factors of production from the primary-goods-producing sector to secondary and tertiary sectors is regarded as a vital concomitant of economic transformation. This inter-sectoral transfer of resources, both human and capital, very often involves geographic transfer because of imbalances which manifest themselves u shortages or surpluses. Viewed in this context, migration performs a useful role by transferring excess labour from the agricultural (rural) to the modem industrial sector in urban areas. In fact, a vast amount of literature, under the rubric of the 'labour Surplus' models, has evolved, especially during the 1950s, in which migration is seen as an equilibrating and growth-promoting mechanism leading to reductions in wage differentials, equitable income distribution and elimination of surpluses and shortages. Evidence accumulated during the 1960s and 1970s has also shown th...
Fish is one of the major sources of protein among Malaysians. This has made incidents of fish bon... more Fish is one of the major sources of protein among Malaysians. This has made incidents of fish bones lodged in the throat fairly common clinical problems. Plain radiograph, which is the first line of imaging in such cases, has been reported to have low sensitivity. Besides the location, the degree of radio-opacity of the bone is another important factor and is species dependent. This study was undertaken to determine the radio-opacity of bones from commonly consumed fish in Malaysia. A total of 15 types of fish were identified, six of them were opaque even when embedded and three were visualized in the simulated airway. In terms of radio-opacity, the commonly consumed fish in Malaysia possessed opaque bones and this fact can help doctors identify the location of the foreign body in the throat.
Optical Fiber Communication Conference/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference 2013, 2013
We show on-demand multi-wavelength spectrum and space defragmentation in an SDM and elastic netwo... more We show on-demand multi-wavelength spectrum and space defragmentation in an SDM and elastic network with four programmable nodes and two multi-core fiber links. The combined approach is shown to reduce blocking and hardware requirements in small nodes.
Massive goiter with retrosternal extension may impose additional risk such as difficult intubatio... more Massive goiter with retrosternal extension may impose additional risk such as difficult intubation, tracheomalacia, and possibility of different incision and approach including sternotomy. We would like to report a case of massive goiter encasing major neck structures and how it was managed.
Abstract: The mistiming of interventions is a critical issue in asset management. A treatment tha... more Abstract: The mistiming of interventions is a critical issue in asset management. A treatment that is applied too early (hastened) or too late (deferred) has consequences in terms of the agency cost, facility performance, and cost-effectiveness. This paper uses basic concepts ...
We present the first elastic, space division multiplexing, and multi-granular network based on tw... more We present the first elastic, space division multiplexing, and multi-granular network based on two 7-core MCF links and four programmable optical nodes able to switch traffic utilising the space, frequency and time dimensions with over 6000-fold bandwidth granularity. Results show good end-to-end performance on all channels with power penalties between 0.75 dB and 3.7 dB.
... Bilal Khurshid b , Qiang Bai c , Samuel Labi c * & Thomas L. Morin d Available online... more ... Bilal Khurshid b , Qiang Bai c , Samuel Labi c * & Thomas L. Morin d Available online: 21 Sep 2011. ... 200023. Gulen, S., Nagle, J., Weaver, J. and Gallivan, V. 2000. Determination of practical ESAL per truck values on Indiana roads , West Lafayette, , IN, USA: Purdue University. ...
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view i... more If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.
This paper describes population mobility across borders experienced by Pakistan during the past f... more This paper describes population mobility across borders experienced by Pakistan during the past fifty years. Some consequences of this mobility have also been briefly mentioned. The dichotomy of this population mobility into inward and outward flow reveals that while the former can be traced to political factors like the partition of the Subcontinent and the Afghan war, the latter mostly represents a job-oriented move. Every flow is associated with its own set of effects, difficult to be encompassed by a single research exercise. Migration from India in the wake of partition is associated with a higher level of urbanisation and a rise in religious homogeneity associated at the same time with increased ethnic diversity, which according to some can be linked with the current Karachi situation. Pakistan also engaged in manpower export and experienced brain-drain. Both of these outward flows, to some extent rooted in history, have particular effects for the society and economy. These di...
Economic progress entails various shifts in resource allocations. A progressive deployment of fac... more Economic progress entails various shifts in resource allocations. A progressive deployment of factors of production from the primary-goods-producing sector to secondary and tertiary sectors is regarded as a vital concomitant of economic transformation. This inter-sectoral transfer of resources, both human and capital, very often involves geographic transfer because of imbalances which manifest themselves u shortages or surpluses. Viewed in this context, migration performs a useful role by transferring excess labour from the agricultural (rural) to the modem industrial sector in urban areas. In fact, a vast amount of literature, under the rubric of the 'labour Surplus' models, has evolved, especially during the 1950s, in which migration is seen as an equilibrating and growth-promoting mechanism leading to reductions in wage differentials, equitable income distribution and elimination of surpluses and shortages. Evidence accumulated during the 1960s and 1970s has also shown th...
Fish is one of the major sources of protein among Malaysians. This has made incidents of fish bon... more Fish is one of the major sources of protein among Malaysians. This has made incidents of fish bones lodged in the throat fairly common clinical problems. Plain radiograph, which is the first line of imaging in such cases, has been reported to have low sensitivity. Besides the location, the degree of radio-opacity of the bone is another important factor and is species dependent. This study was undertaken to determine the radio-opacity of bones from commonly consumed fish in Malaysia. A total of 15 types of fish were identified, six of them were opaque even when embedded and three were visualized in the simulated airway. In terms of radio-opacity, the commonly consumed fish in Malaysia possessed opaque bones and this fact can help doctors identify the location of the foreign body in the throat.
Optical Fiber Communication Conference/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference 2013, 2013
We show on-demand multi-wavelength spectrum and space defragmentation in an SDM and elastic netwo... more We show on-demand multi-wavelength spectrum and space defragmentation in an SDM and elastic network with four programmable nodes and two multi-core fiber links. The combined approach is shown to reduce blocking and hardware requirements in small nodes.
Massive goiter with retrosternal extension may impose additional risk such as difficult intubatio... more Massive goiter with retrosternal extension may impose additional risk such as difficult intubation, tracheomalacia, and possibility of different incision and approach including sternotomy. We would like to report a case of massive goiter encasing major neck structures and how it was managed.
Abstract: The mistiming of interventions is a critical issue in asset management. A treatment tha... more Abstract: The mistiming of interventions is a critical issue in asset management. A treatment that is applied too early (hastened) or too late (deferred) has consequences in terms of the agency cost, facility performance, and cost-effectiveness. This paper uses basic concepts ...
We present the first elastic, space division multiplexing, and multi-granular network based on tw... more We present the first elastic, space division multiplexing, and multi-granular network based on two 7-core MCF links and four programmable optical nodes able to switch traffic utilising the space, frequency and time dimensions with over 6000-fold bandwidth granularity. Results show good end-to-end performance on all channels with power penalties between 0.75 dB and 3.7 dB.
... Bilal Khurshid b , Qiang Bai c , Samuel Labi c * & Thomas L. Morin d Available online... more ... Bilal Khurshid b , Qiang Bai c , Samuel Labi c * & Thomas L. Morin d Available online: 21 Sep 2011. ... 200023. Gulen, S., Nagle, J., Weaver, J. and Gallivan, V. 2000. Determination of practical ESAL per truck values on Indiana roads , West Lafayette, , IN, USA: Purdue University. ...
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view i... more If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.
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Papers by M. Irfan