Papers by Lydia Drumright
This is a replication dataset for the manuscript titled: "Differences in epidemiology of ent... more This is a replication dataset for the manuscript titled: "Differences in epidemiology of enteropathogens in children pre- and post-rotavirus vaccine introduction in Kilifi, coastal Kenya. The dataset is part of long-term surveillance of enteric viruses associated with diarrhea among children under 13 years admitted to the KCH study. It contains result of 28 different enteropathogens in stools screened by Custom TaqMan Array Card (TAC) from children aged less than 13 years. The samples tested were collected in rotavirus pre-vaccine introduction period (2013) and post-vaccine introduction (2016-2018).
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2021
1. raw images collected directly gel-doc imager 2. raw qPCR data files exported from Viia7 or Ste... more 1. raw images collected directly gel-doc imager 2. raw qPCR data files exported from Viia7 or StepOnePlus qPCR machine 3. sequence alignment files for calivirus strains presented in the manuscriptWellcome Trust Senior Fellowship (207498/Z/17/Z) Erasmus visiting studentship MRC New Investigator Research Grant (MR/T001917/1, Award number: RG99899
Men's Network Study Patron Interview Paper Transcript. This document is a transcript of the c... more Men's Network Study Patron Interview Paper Transcript. This document is a transcript of the computer-assisted self-interview (CASI) administered to venue attendee participants in the Men's Network Study. It provides the exact wording of the questions that participants would have been asked. The format and presentation, however, are quite different as it is not in CASI form. Skip patterns and venue names do not appear in this transcript. (PDF 725 kb)
Journal of Architectural Conservation, 2021
Abstract: Contemporary spaces for surgery are highly energy intensive, with much of this energy d... more Abstract: Contemporary spaces for surgery are highly energy intensive, with much of this energy driving powerful air conditioning systems intended to force pre-cooled air down onto the patient, surgical staff and instruments to keep airborne pathogens from sedimenting on the patient and equipment during surgery and to drive them up and out through high level exhausts. The carbon footprint from these systems is prodigious in a service required to dramatically cut emissions. Sufficient doubts have arisen from experimental modelling and data collected in such surgical theatres that pathogens are expelled efficiently to encourage broader speculation about the fundamental configuration of spaces for surgery. One prospective avenue is the investigation of the aseptic movement's operating room designs of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries before the adoption of air conditioning. Historical review and testing of theatre design, as part of the Excising Infections in Surgical Environments (ExISE) project, identified a particularly carefully designed and innovative operating room in Hamburg's general hospital of 1897. The St. Georg's Operationshaus (1899) is reconstructed digitally, analysed theoretically and modelled experimentally to determine modern utility as a green theatre. Results are promising but are affected fundamentally by the parallel intent to introduce prodigious natural daylighting; however, the effects of this on the air flow patterns in the space could be managed by modern materials and control technologies.
The potential contribution nurses can make to the management of antimicrobials within an inpatien... more The potential contribution nurses can make to the management of antimicrobials within an inpatient setting could impact on the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and healthcare associated infections (HCAIs). Current initiatives promoting prudent antimicrobial prescribing and management have generally failed to include nurses, which subsequently limits the extent to which these strategies can improve patient outcomes. For antimicrobial stewardship (AS) programmes to be successful, a sustained and seamless level of monitoring and decision making in relation to antimicrobial therapy is needed. As nurses have the most consistent presence as patient carer, they are in the ideal position to provide this level of service. However, for nurses to truly impact on AMR and HCAIs through increasing their profile in AS, barriers and facilitators to adopting this enhanced role must be contextualised in the implementation of any initiative.
AIDS and Behavior, 2007
We conducted a case-control study to compare illicit substance and erectile dysfunction medicatio... more We conducted a case-control study to compare illicit substance and erectile dysfunction medication (EDM) use between recently HIV-infected and uninfected men who have sex with men (MSM). Eighty-six recently (previous 12 months) HIV-infected MSM (cases) and 59 MSM who recently tested HIV-negative (controls) completed computer-assisted self-interviews. There were no statistical differences in demographics or number of sexual partners by HIV status. Cases were more likely than controls to report methamphetamine or nitrite use, but not EDM, gamma hydroxybutyrate, 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine, cocaine, or marijuana use, in the previous 12 months and with their last three sexual partners in multivariate logistic regression models. Use of nitrites and amphetamine may increase HIV risk among MSM.
AIDS and Behavior, 2011
The contribution of injection drug use to HIV risk among men who have sex with men (MSM) is under... more The contribution of injection drug use to HIV risk among men who have sex with men (MSM) is understudied. MSM infected with HIV within the prior 12 months completed a questionnaire assessing sociodemographic, sexual, drug use, and social factors. Analyses were performed to identify factors associated with lifetime history of injection drug use. Among 212 participants, the mean age was 33.8 years, 72% were White, 89% had attended college, and 9.4% reported ever injecting drugs. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, ever trading sex and using methamphetamine during sex with at least one of their last three partners were associated with injection drug use. Adjusting for these variables, in separate models, ever perpetrating violence against others (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 3.16), having physically abusive sexual partners (AOR = 3.08), or physically abusing sexual partners (AOR = 10.17) were significantly (P <0.05)
Drug and Alcohol Dependence
AIDS, 2009
Background: Current public health efforts often use molecular technologies to identify and contai... more Background: Current public health efforts often use molecular technologies to identify and contain communicable disease networks, but not for HIV. Here, we investigate how molecular epidemiology can be used to identify highly related HIV networks within a population and how voluntary contact tracing of sexual partners can be used to selectively target these networks. Methods: We evaluated the use of HIV-1 pol sequences obtained from participants of a community-recruited cohort (n ¼ 268) and a primary infection research cohort (n ¼ 369) to define highly related transmission clusters and the use of contact tracing to link other individuals (n ¼ 36) within these clusters. The presence of transmitted drug resistance was interpreted from the pol sequences (Calibrated Population Resistance v3.0). Results: Phylogenetic clustering was conservatively defined when the genetic distance between any two pol sequences was less than 1%, which identified 34 distinct transmission clusters within the combined community-recruited and primary infection research cohorts containing 160 individuals. Although sequences from the epidemiologically linked partners represented approximately 5% of the total sequences, they clustered with 60% of the sequences that clustered from the combined cohorts (odds ratio 21.7; P 0.01). Major resistance to at least one class of antiretroviral medication was found in 19% of clustering sequences. Conclusion: Phylogenetic methods can be used to identify individuals who are within highly related transmission groups, and contact tracing of epidemiologically linked partners of recently infected individuals can be used to link into previously defined transmission groups. These methods could be used to implement selectively targeted prevention interventions.
AIDS, 2009
Background: Current public health efforts often use molecular technologies to identify and contai... more Background: Current public health efforts often use molecular technologies to identify and contain communicable disease networks, but not for HIV. Here, we investigate how molecular epidemiology can be used to identify highly related HIV networks within a population and how voluntary contact tracing of sexual partners can be used to selectively target these networks. Methods: We evaluated the use of HIV-1 pol sequences obtained from participants of a community-recruited cohort (n ¼ 268) and a primary infection research cohort (n ¼ 369) to define highly related transmission clusters and the use of contact tracing to link other individuals (n ¼ 36) within these clusters. The presence of transmitted drug resistance was interpreted from the pol sequences (Calibrated Population Resistance v3.0). Results: Phylogenetic clustering was conservatively defined when the genetic distance between any two pol sequences was less than 1%, which identified 34 distinct transmission clusters within the combined community-recruited and primary infection research cohorts containing 160 individuals. Although sequences from the epidemiologically linked partners represented approximately 5% of the total sequences, they clustered with 60% of the sequences that clustered from the combined cohorts (odds ratio 21.7; P 0.01). Major resistance to at least one class of antiretroviral medication was found in 19% of clustering sequences. Conclusion: Phylogenetic methods can be used to identify individuals who are within highly related transmission groups, and contact tracing of epidemiologically linked partners of recently infected individuals can be used to link into previously defined transmission groups. These methods could be used to implement selectively targeted prevention interventions.
BMJ evidence-based medicine, Jan 29, 2018
Digital health technology, and predictive analytics can disrupt healthcare delivery. From direct-... more Digital health technology, and predictive analytics can disrupt healthcare delivery. From direct-to-consumer genetic testing to mobile phone-based apps for prediction of heart attacks, the impact of big data is forecast as transformative for our ability to diagnose and treat our patients with personalised healthcare. With this abundance of opportunity, are healthcare systems ready for big data? The definition and scope of 'big data' remains unclear. The UK's National Health Service (NHS) is an example of a system caught between the promises and pitfalls of big data for healthcare and a deeper investigation may inform debate and implementation in other countries. In his recent review of health information technology in England, Professor Bob Wachter issued a reality check to the NHS: "While there is great enthusiasm for using 'big data' to develop personalised approaches for individual patients ('precision medicine'), provide customised decision support to both clinicians and patients, and create 'learning healthcare systems (LHS)', today all these goals are more promise than reality."(1) What is the gap between promise and reality in the NHS? Can the NHS face these challenges and deliver on the promises of big data? What will it take to develop LHS and provide better care? Can patient trust be gained to allow physicians and policymakers to deliver the potential of big data in a patient-centred healthcare model? Concomitance of "evidence-based healthcare", "right care" and "learning health systems" frameworks are required to drive high-quality, data-driven healthcare.
JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
Objectives: Evidence indicates a relationship between obesity and infection. We assessed the prev... more Objectives: Evidence indicates a relationship between obesity and infection. We assessed the prevalence of obesity in hospitalized patients and evaluated its impact on antimicrobial management. Methods: Three National Health Service hospitals in London in 2011–12 were included in a cross-sectional study. Data from all adult admissions units and medical and surgical wards were collected. Patient data were collected from the medication charts and nursing and medical notes. Antimicrobial therapy was defined as ‘complicated ’ if the patient’s therapy met two or more of the following criteria: (i) second- or third-line therapy according to local policy; (ii) intravenous therapy where an alternative oral therapy was appropriate; (iii) longer than the recom-mended duration of therapy as per local policy recommendations; (iv) repeated courses of therapy to treat the same infection; and (v) specialist advice on antimicrobial therapy provided by the medical microbiology or infectious diseases...
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Papers by Lydia Drumright