Preparation and evaluation of lidocaine hydrochloride in cyclodextrin inclusion complexes for dev... more Preparation and evaluation of lidocaine hydrochloride in cyclodextrin inclusion complexes for development of stable gel in association with chlorhexidine gluconate for urogenital use
In the present study, in vitro techniques were used to investigate a range of biological activiti... more In the present study, in vitro techniques were used to investigate a range of biological activities of known natural quassinoids isobrucein B (1) and neosergeolide (2), known semi-synthetic derivative 1,12-diacetylisobrucein B (3), and a new semi-synthetic derivative, 12-acetylneosergeolide (4). These compounds were evaluated for general toxicity toward the brine shrimp species Artemia franciscana, cytotoxicity toward human tumour cells, larvicidal activity toward the dengue fever mosquito vector Aedes aegypti, haemolytic activity in mouse erythrocytes and antimalarial activity against the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited the greatest cytotoxicity against all the tumor cells tested (IC 50 = 5-27 μg/L) and against multidrug-resistant P. falciparum K1 strain (IC 50 = 1.0-4.0 μg/L) and 3 was only cytotoxic toward the leukaemia HL-60 strain (IC 50 = 11.8 µg/L). Quassinoids 1 and 2 (LC 50 = 3.2-4.4 mg/L) displayed greater lethality than derivative 4 (LC 50 = 75.0 mg/L) toward A. aegypti larvae, while derivative 3 was inactive. These results suggest a novel application for these natural quassinoids as larvicides. The toxicity toward A. franciscana could be correlated with the activity in several biological models, a finding that is in agreement with the literature. Importantly, none of the studied compounds exhibited in vitro haemolytic activity, suggesting specificity of the observed cytotoxic effects. This study reveals the biological potential of quassinoids 1 and 2 and to a lesser extent their semi-synthetic derivatives for their in vitro antimalarial and cytotoxic activities.
Most traits of economical importance are multifactorial, which means that they are controlled by ... more Most traits of economical importance are multifactorial, which means that they are controlled by many genes and affected by environmental factors. In such view, they show low estimate of heritability (h 2 ) and are less sensitive to direct selection. Therefore animal breeding could be improved by the association of direct selection of a certain trait with the selection assisted by genetic markers. Marker assisted selection has the purpose of selecting animals with a superior genotype, via association of these markers with genes of favorable effect on economical interest traits. Thereby, many strategies to the generation of molecular markers have been used. The main aim of this review is to show results of the utilization of some molecular markers that may be used in the selection of superior genotypes in livestock populations.
DESAPROPRIAÇÃO-HONORÁRIOS DE ADVOGADO-CORREÇÃO MONETÁRIA-A verba de honorários de advogado l'aria... more DESAPROPRIAÇÃO-HONORÁRIOS DE ADVOGADO-CORREÇÃO MONETÁRIA-A verba de honorários de advogado l'aria com a incidência da correção monetária da indenização devida ao expropriado.
Este trabalho teve como propósito a realização de um estudo que coloca no centro do debate a prod... more Este trabalho teve como propósito a realização de um estudo que coloca no centro do debate a produção científica brasileira. Parte-se do princípio de que ela é um fator fundamental para um processo de desenvolvimento a partir do reconhecimento de que é por meio do conhecimento que as sociedades evoluem. Essa questão se torna ainda mais relevante quando se considera a necessidade imposta pelo modelo de produção vigente, de transformar conhecimento em riqueza. Este foi o ponto de partida para a realização de um estudo econométrico com o propósito de se formular um modelo que explicasse a produção científica brasileira no período de 1994 a 2014. O estudo mostrou que os programas de pós-graduação foram os que mais influenciaram o comportamento da publicação de artigos científicos, que é a variável que representa a produção científica. Por isso, se faz necessário o aparelhamento do sistema de pósgraduação brasileira. Ademais, como os resultados da produção científica são demorados, ou seja, no mínimo dois anos no mestrado e quatro anos no doutorado, concluiu-se que as crises econômicas ocorridas no período não interferiram diretamente no processo de geração do conhecimento no curto prazo. Outros fatores importantes que ajudaram a manter a produção científica no país foram a sólida estrutura acadêmica e o governo do período ter atuado nos momentos de crise para quebrar o ciclo econômico, diminuindo os efeitos das crises.This work has purposed a study that placed at the core of the debate the Brazilian scientific production. It starts from the principle that scientific production is a key factor in a development process from the recognition that it is through knowledge that societies evolve. This question becomes even more relevant when considering the necessity imposed by the current production model, to transform knowledge into wealth. This was the starting point for leading an econometric study for the aim of formulating a model to explain the Brazilian scientific production from 1994 to 2014. The study shows that postgraduate programs were those that, statiscally, most influenced the behavior of the publication of Brazilian scientific articles. This last was the variable that represented the Brazilian scientific production in the econometric model. Therefore, it is necessary to equip the Brazilian postgraduate system to create the basis of a structure, which, in the near future, will produce knowledge in large scale and with high competitiveness. It was concluded that the economic crisis that occurred in the period did not directly interfere in the process of knowledge generation in the short term. Other important factors that helped maintaining scientific production in the country were the solid academic structure and the role of public policies that intervened in critical economic moments to break the economic cycle and to reduce the effects of the crisis
O ferro fundido nodular austemperado – ADI, é considerado um material de engenharia que possui um... more O ferro fundido nodular austemperado – ADI, é considerado um material de engenharia que possui uma notável combinação de propriedades mecânicas desejadas em inúmeras aplicações e segmentos. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a possibilidade de aplicação do tratamento térmico de austêmpera, para obtenção de um Ferro Nodular Austemperado (ADI), através da utilização de uma liga de Zn-Al-Mg-Cu ( Zamac 5), como meio de resfriamento isotérmico da austêmpera. Mensurou-se a influência do tempo de austêmpera e da temperatura de austenitização nas propriedades mecânicas do ferro nodular. Para determinação da influência do tempo de austêmpera nas propriedades do ADI, blocos de ferro fundido nodular de matriz predominantemente perlítica foram austenitizados a 900°C por 90 minutos, posteriormente resfriados no banho de Zamac 5 a 380ºC, permanecendo neste processo em intervalos de tempo de 15, 30, 60, 90 e 120 minutos, e posteriormente resfriados ao ar até a temperatura ambiente. Para determinação da influência da temperatura de austenitização nas propriedades do ADI, blocos de ferro fundido nodular de matriz perlítica foram austenitizados a 820°C e 860ºC por 90 minutos, posteriormente resfriados no banho de Zamac 5 a 380ºC, no qual permaneceram neste processo por intervalo de tempo de 60 minutos, e posteriormente resfriados até a temperatura ambiente. A análise morfológica evidenciou a formação de ausferrita em todas as amostras analisadas, sem a presença de perlita, caracterizando a obtenção do ADI. Foi evidenciada a viabilidade de realização da austêmpera em temperaturas superiores a 375ºC. A melhor combinação de propriedades mecânicas com relação às classes de ADI disponíveis ocorreu através do ciclo combinado de austenitização a 860ºC e tempo de austêmpera de 60 minutos.The austempered nodular cast iron – ADI, is considered an engineering material that has a remarkable combination of mechanical properties in numerous of engineering applications. The objective of this work is to evaluate the possibility of applying austempering heat treatment to obtain an austempered nodular iron (ADI), through the use of a Zn-Al-Mg-Cu alloy (Zamac 5), as an isothermal cooling of austempering process. It was measured the influence of austenitization time and the temperature in the mechanical properties of nodular iron. At the initial validation step, a nodular cast iron alloy with perlitic matrix, was monitored and austenitized at 880°C and 900°C for evaluate the applicability of Zamac 5 as a cooling method. In order to determine the influence of the austempering time on the properties of ADI, some nodular cast iron blocks with predominantly perlitic matrix, were austenitized at 900 °C for 90 minutes, subsequently cooled in the Zamac 5 bath at 380ºC, remaining in this process at time intervals of 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes, and subsequently cooled to air in room temperature. The treatment with austempering in Zamac 5 process, proved to be efficient. To determine the influence of austenitization temperature on the properties of ADI, some nodular cast iron blocks with predominantly perlitic matrix were austenitized at 820°C and 860ºC for 90 minutes, subsequently cooled in the bath of Zamac 5 to 380ºC and kept parts in this temperature during a time interval of 60 minutes, and subsequently cooled in room temperature. The morphological analysis evidenced the formation of ausferrite, without the presence of perlite, thus characterizing the obtaining of the ADI. Was determined the feasibility of performing of austempering with Zamac 5 in temperature renge above 380 ºC The best combination of mechanical properties in relation to the available ADI classes, occurs through the combined austenitization cycle of 860 º C and 60 minutes of austempering cycle time
ABSTRACT: Mastitis negatively influences the survival and weight gain of ovines for meat producti... more ABSTRACT: Mastitis negatively influences the survival and weight gain of ovines for meat production. The purpose of this study was to investigate, in sheep for meat production, the occurrence of subclinical mastitis in ewes at the end of lactation and beginning of the consecutive lactation and to assess the composition and cellular characteristics of milk as a function of different rainfall indices. Mammary halves (821) of Santa Ines (479) and Morada Nova (342) ewes were examined. Milk samples were collected in two different moments of lactation: at weaning and postpartum of the consecutive lactation. Sample collection periods were called "dry" or "rainy" according to the rainfall index in the month immediately before the month of collection. The occurrence of subclinical mastitis at weaning in the Santa Ines and Morada Nova ewes were 16.4 and 12.6% in the dry period, and 17.7 and 23.5% in the rainy period, respectively. In the consecutive lactation period, the o...
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2016
The bioprinting is an essential element of biomanufacturing process and is an area of emerging an... more The bioprinting is an essential element of biomanufacturing process and is an area of emerging and promising multidisciplinary research, which proposes the “manufacture” of tissues and organs by means of techniques and rapid prototyping capabilities, such as additive manufacturing. A model and a framework for the definition of projects that can be used in bioprinting living tissues and organs is set.
RESUMO O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar o efeito das técnicas transcervical e laparoscópi... more RESUMO O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar o efeito das técnicas transcervical e laparoscópica sobre a taxa de pre-nhez de ovelhas inseminadas em tempo-fixo. A taxa de pre-nhez para as técnicas transcervical e laparoscópica foi de 40% (p>0.05). Quanto ao local de deposição do sêmen na inseminação artificial (IA) transcervical, não houve dife-rença na taxa de prenhez (p>0.05), com taxas de 25.0% na cervical superficial, 43.7% cervical médio, 41.7% cervical profundo e 50.0% intra-uterino. Estes resultados demons-tram que a IA transcervical apresenta resultados semelhan-tes aos obtidos com o uso de laparoscopia, quando estas técnicas são realizadas em tempo-fixo.
4-Nerolidylcatechol ( 1 ) is an abundant antiplasmodial metabolite that is isolated from Piper pe... more 4-Nerolidylcatechol ( 1 ) is an abundant antiplasmodial metabolite that is isolated from Piper peltatum roots. O -Acylation or O -alkylation of compound 1 provides derivatives exhibiting improved stability and significant in vitro antiplasmodial activity. The aim of this work was to study the in vitro inhibition of hemozoin formation, inhibition of isoprenoid biosynthesis in Plasmodium falciparum cultures, and in vivo antimalarial activity of several 4-nerolidylcatechol derivatives. 1,2- O , O -Diacetyl-4-nerolidylcatechol ( 2 ) inhibited in vitro hemozoin formation by up to 50%. In metabolic labeling studies using [1-( n )- 3 H]geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, diester 2 significantly inhibited the biosynthesis of isoprenoid metabolites ubiquinone 8 , menaquinone 4 , and dolichol 12 in cultures of P. falciparum 3D7. Similarly, 2- O -benzyl-4-nerolidylcatechol ( 3 ) significantly inhibited the biosynthesis of dolichol 12 . P. falciparum in vitro protein synthesis was not affected by com...
Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science, 2014
It was to validated a protocol for induction of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) (Experiment 1) a... more It was to validated a protocol for induction of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) (Experiment 1) and test the efficiency of probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae or monensin to avoid pH ruminal drops in sheep (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, six ewes were fasted for two days and then fed most with concentrate during four days. Ewes in this protocol had ruminal fluid pH below 6.0 and kept it for 75 consecutive hours. In Experiment 2, 18 sheep were distributed into three groups: Control (CG, n = 6), monensin (MG, n = 6) and probiotic group (PG, n = 6). SARA was induced according Experiment 1. PG had lower pH (5.7 ± 0.1) than CG (6.0 ± 0.1) (P = 0.05), while MG (5.7 ± 0.1) was similar to both during SARA induction. SARA induction reduced ruminal protozoa population (P < 0.05) and increased chloride concentrations in ruminal fluid (P < 0.01). In serum, SARA increased concentrations of phosphorus (P < 0.01), AST (P < 0.01) and GGT (P < 0.01), but reduced LDH (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the protocol used for SARA induction was able to maintain ruminal pH between 5.5-6.0 for more than 48 hours. However, monensin and probiotics supplementation was not effective in preventing changes in ruminal and serum parameters during SARA.
The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an effective method to study hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ... more The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an effective method to study hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). To evaluate, using MRI, the parameters of systolic function, perfusion and myocardial viability in patients with HCM, comparing the groups with and without obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract. Twenty-one patients with a diagnosis of HCM underwent the assessment of myocardial function, viability and perfusion under stress and at rest through MRI. The ventricular segments most severely impaired by hypertrophy were those of the septal region. The obstructive group presented segmental myocardial thickening distribution similar to the non-obstructive group, but with higher means than the first group. The mean ejection fraction of the patients in the obstructive group was higher than in the non-obstructive group, whereas the means of the end systolic and diastolic volumes were lower in the obstructive group. There was a positive correlation between the ventricular segmenta...
A new indole alkaloid, 12-hydroxy-N-acetyl-21(N)-dehydroplumeran-18-oic acid (13), and 11 known i... more A new indole alkaloid, 12-hydroxy-N-acetyl-21(N)-dehydroplumeran-18-oic acid (13), and 11 known indole alkaloids: 3,4,5,6-tetradehydro-β-yohimbine (3), 19(E)hunteracine (4), β-yohimbine (5), yohimbine (6), 19,20-dehydro-17-α-yohimbine (7), uleine (10), 20-epi-dasycarpidone (11), olivacine (8), 20-epi-N-nor-dasycarpidone (14), N-demethyluleine (15) and 20(E)-nor-subincanadine E (12) and a boonein δ-lactone 9, ursolic acid (1) and 1D,1O-methyl-chiro-inositol (2) were isolated from the EtOH extracts of different parts of Aspidosperma ulei Markgr. (Apocynaceae). Identification and structural elucidation were based on IR, MS, 1 Hand 13 C-NMR spectral data and comparison to literature data. The antiplasmodial and antimalarial activity of 1, 5, 6, 8, 10 and 15 has been previously evaluated and 1 and 10 have important in vitro and in vivo antimalarial properties according to patent and/or scientific literature. With the aim of discovering new antiplasmodial indole alkaloids, 3, 4, 11, 12 and 13 were evaluated for in vitro inhibition against the multi-drug resistant K1 strain of the human malaria parasite
Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax malaria parasites are now resistant, or showing signs of resis... more Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax malaria parasites are now resistant, or showing signs of resistance, to most drugs used in therapy. Novel chemical entities that exhibit new mechanisms of antiplasmodial action are needed. New antimalarials that block transmission of Plasmodium spp. from humans to Anopheles mosquito vectors are key to
4-nerolidylcatechol (4-NC) is an unstable natural product that exhibits important antioxidant, an... more 4-nerolidylcatechol (4-NC) is an unstable natural product that exhibits important antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other properties. It is readily obtainable on a multi-gram scale through straightforward solvent extraction of the roots of cultivated Piper peltatum or P. umbellatum, followed by column chromatography on the resulting extract. Semi-synthetic derivatives of 4-NC with one or two substituent groups (methyl, acetyl, benzyl, benzoyl) on the O atoms have been introduced that have increased stability compared to 4-NC and significant in vitro inhibitory activity against the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties may be important for the antiplasmodial mode of action of 4-NC derivatives. Thus, we decided to investigate the antioxidant properties, cytotoxicity and stability of 4-NC derivatives as a means to explore the potential utility of these compounds. 4-NC showed high antioxidant activity in the DPPH and ABTS assays and in 3T3-L1 cells (mouse embryonic fibroblast), however 4-NC
Almost fifty years after the discovery of the peroxyoxalate reaction by E. A. Chandross in the ea... more Almost fifty years after the discovery of the peroxyoxalate reaction by E. A. Chandross in the early nineteen sixties, this review article intends to give a general overview on mechanistic aspects of this system and to describe the principles of its analytical application. After a short general introduction on the principles of chemiluminescence and the history of peroxyoxalate discovery, mechanistic aspects of high-energy intermediate formation, its structure and its reaction with an activator in the peroxyoxalate system are discussed. Finally, analytical applications of peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence are exemplified using representative recent examples, including oxalic acid detection in biological samples.
Preparation and evaluation of lidocaine hydrochloride in cyclodextrin inclusion complexes for dev... more Preparation and evaluation of lidocaine hydrochloride in cyclodextrin inclusion complexes for development of stable gel in association with chlorhexidine gluconate for urogenital use
In the present study, in vitro techniques were used to investigate a range of biological activiti... more In the present study, in vitro techniques were used to investigate a range of biological activities of known natural quassinoids isobrucein B (1) and neosergeolide (2), known semi-synthetic derivative 1,12-diacetylisobrucein B (3), and a new semi-synthetic derivative, 12-acetylneosergeolide (4). These compounds were evaluated for general toxicity toward the brine shrimp species Artemia franciscana, cytotoxicity toward human tumour cells, larvicidal activity toward the dengue fever mosquito vector Aedes aegypti, haemolytic activity in mouse erythrocytes and antimalarial activity against the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited the greatest cytotoxicity against all the tumor cells tested (IC 50 = 5-27 μg/L) and against multidrug-resistant P. falciparum K1 strain (IC 50 = 1.0-4.0 μg/L) and 3 was only cytotoxic toward the leukaemia HL-60 strain (IC 50 = 11.8 µg/L). Quassinoids 1 and 2 (LC 50 = 3.2-4.4 mg/L) displayed greater lethality than derivative 4 (LC 50 = 75.0 mg/L) toward A. aegypti larvae, while derivative 3 was inactive. These results suggest a novel application for these natural quassinoids as larvicides. The toxicity toward A. franciscana could be correlated with the activity in several biological models, a finding that is in agreement with the literature. Importantly, none of the studied compounds exhibited in vitro haemolytic activity, suggesting specificity of the observed cytotoxic effects. This study reveals the biological potential of quassinoids 1 and 2 and to a lesser extent their semi-synthetic derivatives for their in vitro antimalarial and cytotoxic activities.
Most traits of economical importance are multifactorial, which means that they are controlled by ... more Most traits of economical importance are multifactorial, which means that they are controlled by many genes and affected by environmental factors. In such view, they show low estimate of heritability (h 2 ) and are less sensitive to direct selection. Therefore animal breeding could be improved by the association of direct selection of a certain trait with the selection assisted by genetic markers. Marker assisted selection has the purpose of selecting animals with a superior genotype, via association of these markers with genes of favorable effect on economical interest traits. Thereby, many strategies to the generation of molecular markers have been used. The main aim of this review is to show results of the utilization of some molecular markers that may be used in the selection of superior genotypes in livestock populations.
DESAPROPRIAÇÃO-HONORÁRIOS DE ADVOGADO-CORREÇÃO MONETÁRIA-A verba de honorários de advogado l'aria... more DESAPROPRIAÇÃO-HONORÁRIOS DE ADVOGADO-CORREÇÃO MONETÁRIA-A verba de honorários de advogado l'aria com a incidência da correção monetária da indenização devida ao expropriado.
Este trabalho teve como propósito a realização de um estudo que coloca no centro do debate a prod... more Este trabalho teve como propósito a realização de um estudo que coloca no centro do debate a produção científica brasileira. Parte-se do princípio de que ela é um fator fundamental para um processo de desenvolvimento a partir do reconhecimento de que é por meio do conhecimento que as sociedades evoluem. Essa questão se torna ainda mais relevante quando se considera a necessidade imposta pelo modelo de produção vigente, de transformar conhecimento em riqueza. Este foi o ponto de partida para a realização de um estudo econométrico com o propósito de se formular um modelo que explicasse a produção científica brasileira no período de 1994 a 2014. O estudo mostrou que os programas de pós-graduação foram os que mais influenciaram o comportamento da publicação de artigos científicos, que é a variável que representa a produção científica. Por isso, se faz necessário o aparelhamento do sistema de pósgraduação brasileira. Ademais, como os resultados da produção científica são demorados, ou seja, no mínimo dois anos no mestrado e quatro anos no doutorado, concluiu-se que as crises econômicas ocorridas no período não interferiram diretamente no processo de geração do conhecimento no curto prazo. Outros fatores importantes que ajudaram a manter a produção científica no país foram a sólida estrutura acadêmica e o governo do período ter atuado nos momentos de crise para quebrar o ciclo econômico, diminuindo os efeitos das crises.This work has purposed a study that placed at the core of the debate the Brazilian scientific production. It starts from the principle that scientific production is a key factor in a development process from the recognition that it is through knowledge that societies evolve. This question becomes even more relevant when considering the necessity imposed by the current production model, to transform knowledge into wealth. This was the starting point for leading an econometric study for the aim of formulating a model to explain the Brazilian scientific production from 1994 to 2014. The study shows that postgraduate programs were those that, statiscally, most influenced the behavior of the publication of Brazilian scientific articles. This last was the variable that represented the Brazilian scientific production in the econometric model. Therefore, it is necessary to equip the Brazilian postgraduate system to create the basis of a structure, which, in the near future, will produce knowledge in large scale and with high competitiveness. It was concluded that the economic crisis that occurred in the period did not directly interfere in the process of knowledge generation in the short term. Other important factors that helped maintaining scientific production in the country were the solid academic structure and the role of public policies that intervened in critical economic moments to break the economic cycle and to reduce the effects of the crisis
O ferro fundido nodular austemperado – ADI, é considerado um material de engenharia que possui um... more O ferro fundido nodular austemperado – ADI, é considerado um material de engenharia que possui uma notável combinação de propriedades mecânicas desejadas em inúmeras aplicações e segmentos. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a possibilidade de aplicação do tratamento térmico de austêmpera, para obtenção de um Ferro Nodular Austemperado (ADI), através da utilização de uma liga de Zn-Al-Mg-Cu ( Zamac 5), como meio de resfriamento isotérmico da austêmpera. Mensurou-se a influência do tempo de austêmpera e da temperatura de austenitização nas propriedades mecânicas do ferro nodular. Para determinação da influência do tempo de austêmpera nas propriedades do ADI, blocos de ferro fundido nodular de matriz predominantemente perlítica foram austenitizados a 900°C por 90 minutos, posteriormente resfriados no banho de Zamac 5 a 380ºC, permanecendo neste processo em intervalos de tempo de 15, 30, 60, 90 e 120 minutos, e posteriormente resfriados ao ar até a temperatura ambiente. Para determinação da influência da temperatura de austenitização nas propriedades do ADI, blocos de ferro fundido nodular de matriz perlítica foram austenitizados a 820°C e 860ºC por 90 minutos, posteriormente resfriados no banho de Zamac 5 a 380ºC, no qual permaneceram neste processo por intervalo de tempo de 60 minutos, e posteriormente resfriados até a temperatura ambiente. A análise morfológica evidenciou a formação de ausferrita em todas as amostras analisadas, sem a presença de perlita, caracterizando a obtenção do ADI. Foi evidenciada a viabilidade de realização da austêmpera em temperaturas superiores a 375ºC. A melhor combinação de propriedades mecânicas com relação às classes de ADI disponíveis ocorreu através do ciclo combinado de austenitização a 860ºC e tempo de austêmpera de 60 minutos.The austempered nodular cast iron – ADI, is considered an engineering material that has a remarkable combination of mechanical properties in numerous of engineering applications. The objective of this work is to evaluate the possibility of applying austempering heat treatment to obtain an austempered nodular iron (ADI), through the use of a Zn-Al-Mg-Cu alloy (Zamac 5), as an isothermal cooling of austempering process. It was measured the influence of austenitization time and the temperature in the mechanical properties of nodular iron. At the initial validation step, a nodular cast iron alloy with perlitic matrix, was monitored and austenitized at 880°C and 900°C for evaluate the applicability of Zamac 5 as a cooling method. In order to determine the influence of the austempering time on the properties of ADI, some nodular cast iron blocks with predominantly perlitic matrix, were austenitized at 900 °C for 90 minutes, subsequently cooled in the Zamac 5 bath at 380ºC, remaining in this process at time intervals of 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes, and subsequently cooled to air in room temperature. The treatment with austempering in Zamac 5 process, proved to be efficient. To determine the influence of austenitization temperature on the properties of ADI, some nodular cast iron blocks with predominantly perlitic matrix were austenitized at 820°C and 860ºC for 90 minutes, subsequently cooled in the bath of Zamac 5 to 380ºC and kept parts in this temperature during a time interval of 60 minutes, and subsequently cooled in room temperature. The morphological analysis evidenced the formation of ausferrite, without the presence of perlite, thus characterizing the obtaining of the ADI. Was determined the feasibility of performing of austempering with Zamac 5 in temperature renge above 380 ºC The best combination of mechanical properties in relation to the available ADI classes, occurs through the combined austenitization cycle of 860 º C and 60 minutes of austempering cycle time
ABSTRACT: Mastitis negatively influences the survival and weight gain of ovines for meat producti... more ABSTRACT: Mastitis negatively influences the survival and weight gain of ovines for meat production. The purpose of this study was to investigate, in sheep for meat production, the occurrence of subclinical mastitis in ewes at the end of lactation and beginning of the consecutive lactation and to assess the composition and cellular characteristics of milk as a function of different rainfall indices. Mammary halves (821) of Santa Ines (479) and Morada Nova (342) ewes were examined. Milk samples were collected in two different moments of lactation: at weaning and postpartum of the consecutive lactation. Sample collection periods were called "dry" or "rainy" according to the rainfall index in the month immediately before the month of collection. The occurrence of subclinical mastitis at weaning in the Santa Ines and Morada Nova ewes were 16.4 and 12.6% in the dry period, and 17.7 and 23.5% in the rainy period, respectively. In the consecutive lactation period, the o...
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2016
The bioprinting is an essential element of biomanufacturing process and is an area of emerging an... more The bioprinting is an essential element of biomanufacturing process and is an area of emerging and promising multidisciplinary research, which proposes the “manufacture” of tissues and organs by means of techniques and rapid prototyping capabilities, such as additive manufacturing. A model and a framework for the definition of projects that can be used in bioprinting living tissues and organs is set.
RESUMO O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar o efeito das técnicas transcervical e laparoscópi... more RESUMO O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar o efeito das técnicas transcervical e laparoscópica sobre a taxa de pre-nhez de ovelhas inseminadas em tempo-fixo. A taxa de pre-nhez para as técnicas transcervical e laparoscópica foi de 40% (p>0.05). Quanto ao local de deposição do sêmen na inseminação artificial (IA) transcervical, não houve dife-rença na taxa de prenhez (p>0.05), com taxas de 25.0% na cervical superficial, 43.7% cervical médio, 41.7% cervical profundo e 50.0% intra-uterino. Estes resultados demons-tram que a IA transcervical apresenta resultados semelhan-tes aos obtidos com o uso de laparoscopia, quando estas técnicas são realizadas em tempo-fixo.
4-Nerolidylcatechol ( 1 ) is an abundant antiplasmodial metabolite that is isolated from Piper pe... more 4-Nerolidylcatechol ( 1 ) is an abundant antiplasmodial metabolite that is isolated from Piper peltatum roots. O -Acylation or O -alkylation of compound 1 provides derivatives exhibiting improved stability and significant in vitro antiplasmodial activity. The aim of this work was to study the in vitro inhibition of hemozoin formation, inhibition of isoprenoid biosynthesis in Plasmodium falciparum cultures, and in vivo antimalarial activity of several 4-nerolidylcatechol derivatives. 1,2- O , O -Diacetyl-4-nerolidylcatechol ( 2 ) inhibited in vitro hemozoin formation by up to 50%. In metabolic labeling studies using [1-( n )- 3 H]geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, diester 2 significantly inhibited the biosynthesis of isoprenoid metabolites ubiquinone 8 , menaquinone 4 , and dolichol 12 in cultures of P. falciparum 3D7. Similarly, 2- O -benzyl-4-nerolidylcatechol ( 3 ) significantly inhibited the biosynthesis of dolichol 12 . P. falciparum in vitro protein synthesis was not affected by com...
Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science, 2014
It was to validated a protocol for induction of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) (Experiment 1) a... more It was to validated a protocol for induction of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) (Experiment 1) and test the efficiency of probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae or monensin to avoid pH ruminal drops in sheep (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, six ewes were fasted for two days and then fed most with concentrate during four days. Ewes in this protocol had ruminal fluid pH below 6.0 and kept it for 75 consecutive hours. In Experiment 2, 18 sheep were distributed into three groups: Control (CG, n = 6), monensin (MG, n = 6) and probiotic group (PG, n = 6). SARA was induced according Experiment 1. PG had lower pH (5.7 ± 0.1) than CG (6.0 ± 0.1) (P = 0.05), while MG (5.7 ± 0.1) was similar to both during SARA induction. SARA induction reduced ruminal protozoa population (P < 0.05) and increased chloride concentrations in ruminal fluid (P < 0.01). In serum, SARA increased concentrations of phosphorus (P < 0.01), AST (P < 0.01) and GGT (P < 0.01), but reduced LDH (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the protocol used for SARA induction was able to maintain ruminal pH between 5.5-6.0 for more than 48 hours. However, monensin and probiotics supplementation was not effective in preventing changes in ruminal and serum parameters during SARA.
The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an effective method to study hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ... more The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an effective method to study hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). To evaluate, using MRI, the parameters of systolic function, perfusion and myocardial viability in patients with HCM, comparing the groups with and without obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract. Twenty-one patients with a diagnosis of HCM underwent the assessment of myocardial function, viability and perfusion under stress and at rest through MRI. The ventricular segments most severely impaired by hypertrophy were those of the septal region. The obstructive group presented segmental myocardial thickening distribution similar to the non-obstructive group, but with higher means than the first group. The mean ejection fraction of the patients in the obstructive group was higher than in the non-obstructive group, whereas the means of the end systolic and diastolic volumes were lower in the obstructive group. There was a positive correlation between the ventricular segmenta...
A new indole alkaloid, 12-hydroxy-N-acetyl-21(N)-dehydroplumeran-18-oic acid (13), and 11 known i... more A new indole alkaloid, 12-hydroxy-N-acetyl-21(N)-dehydroplumeran-18-oic acid (13), and 11 known indole alkaloids: 3,4,5,6-tetradehydro-β-yohimbine (3), 19(E)hunteracine (4), β-yohimbine (5), yohimbine (6), 19,20-dehydro-17-α-yohimbine (7), uleine (10), 20-epi-dasycarpidone (11), olivacine (8), 20-epi-N-nor-dasycarpidone (14), N-demethyluleine (15) and 20(E)-nor-subincanadine E (12) and a boonein δ-lactone 9, ursolic acid (1) and 1D,1O-methyl-chiro-inositol (2) were isolated from the EtOH extracts of different parts of Aspidosperma ulei Markgr. (Apocynaceae). Identification and structural elucidation were based on IR, MS, 1 Hand 13 C-NMR spectral data and comparison to literature data. The antiplasmodial and antimalarial activity of 1, 5, 6, 8, 10 and 15 has been previously evaluated and 1 and 10 have important in vitro and in vivo antimalarial properties according to patent and/or scientific literature. With the aim of discovering new antiplasmodial indole alkaloids, 3, 4, 11, 12 and 13 were evaluated for in vitro inhibition against the multi-drug resistant K1 strain of the human malaria parasite
Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax malaria parasites are now resistant, or showing signs of resis... more Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax malaria parasites are now resistant, or showing signs of resistance, to most drugs used in therapy. Novel chemical entities that exhibit new mechanisms of antiplasmodial action are needed. New antimalarials that block transmission of Plasmodium spp. from humans to Anopheles mosquito vectors are key to
4-nerolidylcatechol (4-NC) is an unstable natural product that exhibits important antioxidant, an... more 4-nerolidylcatechol (4-NC) is an unstable natural product that exhibits important antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other properties. It is readily obtainable on a multi-gram scale through straightforward solvent extraction of the roots of cultivated Piper peltatum or P. umbellatum, followed by column chromatography on the resulting extract. Semi-synthetic derivatives of 4-NC with one or two substituent groups (methyl, acetyl, benzyl, benzoyl) on the O atoms have been introduced that have increased stability compared to 4-NC and significant in vitro inhibitory activity against the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties may be important for the antiplasmodial mode of action of 4-NC derivatives. Thus, we decided to investigate the antioxidant properties, cytotoxicity and stability of 4-NC derivatives as a means to explore the potential utility of these compounds. 4-NC showed high antioxidant activity in the DPPH and ABTS assays and in 3T3-L1 cells (mouse embryonic fibroblast), however 4-NC
Almost fifty years after the discovery of the peroxyoxalate reaction by E. A. Chandross in the ea... more Almost fifty years after the discovery of the peroxyoxalate reaction by E. A. Chandross in the early nineteen sixties, this review article intends to give a general overview on mechanistic aspects of this system and to describe the principles of its analytical application. After a short general introduction on the principles of chemiluminescence and the history of peroxyoxalate discovery, mechanistic aspects of high-energy intermediate formation, its structure and its reaction with an activator in the peroxyoxalate system are discussed. Finally, analytical applications of peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence are exemplified using representative recent examples, including oxalic acid detection in biological samples.
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Papers by Luiz Francisco