The goal of this paper is to study the impact of a differential mass loss or a lack of material (... more The goal of this paper is to study the impact of a differential mass loss or a lack of material (void) directly located into the core structure of matter together with the possibility of measuring its effect by a resonant signal surface at optical frequencies. To this end, the focus has been on the evolution of effective indices or eigenvalues of micro-resonators as relevant models. Specific lack of mass was measured by way of a resonant optical signal principle. Then, specific families of resonators have been designed and shaped with several slits nano-inscribed upon them. The signal resonant light is then characterized by its pseudo-period while considering the whole geometry, taking account of the void; thus, it contains the information regarding the pre-defined recessed volume. The study was carried out first by controlling the deep UV technology onto an organic so as to fabricate the family of slotted micro-resonators before assessing the evolution of the effective index of the system that is inversely proportional to the free spectral range. Experimentally, the design of the measurement platform made it possible to measure the impact of a given lack of material within the cyclic resonators. Experimental measurements have been carried out so as to confirm previous simulations demonstrating a convergence ranging from 0.09 to 0.39%. Accordingly, the relevant results allow us to validate a quantified description regarding the hollowed out volume (or mass recessed within the core waveguide) with regard to the spatial resonant optical signal.
HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific re... more HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License
The sedimentation of solid particles in a liquid is a physical phenomenon that necessitate to be ... more The sedimentation of solid particles in a liquid is a physical phenomenon that necessitate to be well understood and measured in several cases. In medical diagnosis, a knowledge of the sedimentation speed of red blood cells for example, allows the early diagnosis of various inflammations. In study, optical Micro-Resonators (MRs) are used as sensors to track the dynamical phenomenon of sedimentation of a cloud of nano-particles in water, and the associated consequences on the spectral characteristics of the guided mode are analyzed. A MR is characterized by its eigenvalue, namely the effective index of an optical mode propagating inside. A progressive modification of the environment thus induces a temporal variation of the effective index. Such a variation can be measured by the tracking of the Free Spectral Range (FSR) of the transduced spectra against time. The transduced optical signal is then directed towards an Optical Spectrum Analyzer (OSA) from which spectra are acquired against time. A millimeter tank filled with water is judiciously deposited on the surface of the chip, before the adding of the solution of nano-particles. The spectra are acquired during the whole duration of the process of sedimentation. The data collected this way are then compared to a simple theoretical model describing the sedimentation of a spherical particle in water. Moreover, the sedimentation theory and the derivation of the speed of sedimentation of a spherical particle is presented, plus the presentation of the experimental setup, from the fabrication of the photonic structure by photolithography, to the inclusion of this circuit in an optical characterization platform and the presentation of the data acquisition and treatment program. The experimental results are analyzed and discussed. The differences are around 10% over the theoretical Stokes velocities relating to such sedimentation process. An overall generic curve or spectral response is clearly demonstrated on these sedimentation processes.
This study concerns the development of sensors based on integrated photonics and resonator elemen... more This study concerns the development of sensors based on integrated photonics and resonator elements for monitoring the dynamic processes of sedimentation and drying of various bloods. The resonant structures of integrated photonics were produced and shaped on Si/SiO 2 and organic UV210 substrate, by deposition and microlithography processes allowing achieving patterns of sub-wavelength dimensions. The micro-resonators produced could be incorporated into a detection platform and fine measurements thermally controlled, were performed thanks to a specific signal processing by implemented codes. The analyses and monitoring over time of the different bloods were carried out with an identical defined protocol. The different bloods studied were sampled respectively from poultry, goats and humans with various characteristics in terms of red blood cell sizes, viscosities and densities. The analyzes relating to the sedimentation rates, the viscosity measurements by rheometer and the images of the red blood cells were carried out by different methods and apparatus for all the blood studied. These latest corroborated by our specific resonant measurements on integrated chip and sensors allow us to converge and conclude that the device and photonic chip sensor produced can discriminate the different bloods, with in the 1 st order, an equivalent and differential viscosity measurements. This work further proves that rheology by optical means (and not mechanically) is possible.
We have investigated the effect of brutal steam condensation processes and the behavior of its co... more We have investigated the effect of brutal steam condensation processes and the behavior of its condensed water prior evaporation, with an integrated resonant photonic structure and dynamic tracking of its transduced signal. The aim of this analysis is to develop a steam condensation lab-on-chip sensor, with the possibility of data treatment with an embedded system. Integrated photonic micro-resonators (MRs) devices have been designed and fabricated with polymer UV210 by means of Deep-UV photolithography. Thanks to this technique, we have achieved racetrack shaped micro-resonators coupled to suited access waveguides. We have assessed such MRs with different geometrical characteristics while changing respectively; the coupling length (LC), the radius of curvature (R) and the width (w) of the guides. The chosen values for the set of parameters LC-R-w (in μm) are 5-5-3 and 10-10-3. The laser source used with the injection bench is a Gaussian broadband laser (λcentral=790 nm, FWHM=40 nm) allowing us to visualize several resonances at the same time in order to multiplex the relevant measurements. The transduced spectrum is then acquired with an Optical Spectrum Analyzer (OSA) linked to a computer with Labview and Matlab software recording and processing data in real time. Then, relevant characteristics to be tracked are the Free Spectral Range (FSR) and the transmitted energy; these quantities can be linked to the physical characteristics of the structure considering both the effective refractive index and the absorption coefficient. The experimental set-up also includes various movies with a top-view imaging camera of the chip (MRs) recording the soft matter process steps, so as to correlate the changes in the transduced spectrum and the behavior of the condensed steam mechanisms (condensation, coalescence and evaporation). Then, the chip is fitted with a temperature controller, so as to carry out measurements at different temperatures: 20°C, 24°C and 28°C.
In integrated photonics, the calculation of the solutions regarding the propagation equations mod... more In integrated photonics, the calculation of the solutions regarding the propagation equations modes may be summed up as a problem with eigenvalues and eigenvectors to be solved. Based on such global principle, we have investigated the ability to monitor the impact of a lack of material (or void) on the evolution of eigenvalues of waveguides. To this end, specific families of resonators have been designed with several slits nano-inscribed upon them. The signal resonant light is then characterized while considering the whole geometry taking account of the void: thus, it contains the information regarding the pre-defined recessed volume. The UV 210 polymer is processed (deep UV 248 nm) so as to shape specific slots within a set of waveguides. Then, such waveguides have been re-looped as micro-resonators circuits with a view to measuring experimentally relevant variations of the eigenvalue considering the Free Spectral Range (FSR) associated with resonances. Experiments allowed us to hi...
The present paper describes biophotonic sensors realized by way of inexpensive processes. As hybr... more The present paper describes biophotonic sensors realized by way of inexpensive processes. As hybrid silica/polymer resonators, they are suited to detect biological molecules in gel/fluid phase transition at infinitesimal concentrations (sphingomyelin lipids). The photonic structure is made of specific amplified deep UV210 photoresist-polymer waveguides coupled by a sub-wavelength gap with racetrack microresonators allowing a minimal dependence in temperature. Then, temperature dependent wavelength shifts characterizing the optical resonances of the device have been evaluated, highlighting a quite low thermal feature of the sensor advantageous for relevant applications. With an appropriate vesicle lipid deposition process, specific in biology, together with an apt experimental bio-thermo-photonic protocol, the dynamic evolution of the sphingomyelin lipid phase transition has been assessed. The ability to detect their gel/fluid transition phase and melting temperature has been demonst...
Nous avons developpe un capteur base sur des resonateurs optiques afin de detecter des changement... more Nous avons developpe un capteur base sur des resonateurs optiques afin de detecter des changements d’indice de refraction environnant pour des solutions ou la matiere molle. Ces capteurs a bas cout ont une sensibilite qui permet de detecter la transition de phase lipidique a des concentrations 1000 fois inferieures a celles utilisees par les techniques conventionnelles (Scanning Dynamic Calorimetry).Les micro-resonateurs sont realises en salle blanche. Les plaques de silicium sont recouvertes d’une resine (UV210) qui, apres exposition aux ultraviolets et rincage, forme des guides de lumiere entre lesquels sont positionnes des anneaux ovoides. Les anneaux sont positionnes a 500 nm des guides afin de capter le champ evanescent lors du passage de la lumiere creant ainsi un peigne de lumiere en sortie des guides.Les caracteristiques du signal de sortie sont dependantes de l’indice effectif (resonateur-environnement) du resonateur. Ainsi, nous avons pu mesurer des changements d’indice de...
Integrated Photonics Platforms: Fundamental Research, Manufacturing and Applications, 2020
HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific re... more HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
The paper describes nanophotonic sensors realized by way of inexpensive organic processes. As hyb... more The paper describes nanophotonic sensors realized by way of inexpensive organic processes. As hybrid silica/polymer resonators, they are suited to detect biological molecules in gel/fluid phase transition at infinitesimal concentrations (sphingomyelin lipids). Such a family of photonic structures is made of specific amplified deep UV210 photoresist-polymer waveguides coupled by a sub-wavelength gap with various racetrack micro-resonators. Thus, temperature dependent wavelength shifts characterizing the optical resonances of the device have been evaluated, highlighting a low thermal feature of the sensor, which is advantageous for this specific application. With an adapted vesicle lipid deposition process, specific in biology, together with an apt experimental thermo-photonic protocol, the dynamic evolution of the sphingomyelin lipid phase transition has been followed and assessed. The ability to detect their gel/fluid transition phase and melting temperature has been demonstrated wi...
The goal of this paper is to study the impact of a differential mass loss or a lack of material (... more The goal of this paper is to study the impact of a differential mass loss or a lack of material (void) directly located into the core structure of matter together with the possibility of measuring its effect by a resonant signal surface at optical frequencies. To this end, the focus has been on the evolution of effective indices or eigenvalues of micro-resonators as relevant models. Specific lack of mass was measured by way of a resonant optical signal principle. Then, specific families of resonators have been designed and shaped with several slits nano-inscribed upon them. The signal resonant light is then characterized by its pseudo-period while considering the whole geometry, taking account of the void; thus, it contains the information regarding the pre-defined recessed volume. The study was carried out first by controlling the deep UV technology onto an organic so as to fabricate the family of slotted micro-resonators before assessing the evolution of the effective index of the system that is inversely proportional to the free spectral range. Experimentally, the design of the measurement platform made it possible to measure the impact of a given lack of material within the cyclic resonators. Experimental measurements have been carried out so as to confirm previous simulations demonstrating a convergence ranging from 0.09 to 0.39%. Accordingly, the relevant results allow us to validate a quantified description regarding the hollowed out volume (or mass recessed within the core waveguide) with regard to the spatial resonant optical signal.
HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific re... more HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License
The sedimentation of solid particles in a liquid is a physical phenomenon that necessitate to be ... more The sedimentation of solid particles in a liquid is a physical phenomenon that necessitate to be well understood and measured in several cases. In medical diagnosis, a knowledge of the sedimentation speed of red blood cells for example, allows the early diagnosis of various inflammations. In study, optical Micro-Resonators (MRs) are used as sensors to track the dynamical phenomenon of sedimentation of a cloud of nano-particles in water, and the associated consequences on the spectral characteristics of the guided mode are analyzed. A MR is characterized by its eigenvalue, namely the effective index of an optical mode propagating inside. A progressive modification of the environment thus induces a temporal variation of the effective index. Such a variation can be measured by the tracking of the Free Spectral Range (FSR) of the transduced spectra against time. The transduced optical signal is then directed towards an Optical Spectrum Analyzer (OSA) from which spectra are acquired against time. A millimeter tank filled with water is judiciously deposited on the surface of the chip, before the adding of the solution of nano-particles. The spectra are acquired during the whole duration of the process of sedimentation. The data collected this way are then compared to a simple theoretical model describing the sedimentation of a spherical particle in water. Moreover, the sedimentation theory and the derivation of the speed of sedimentation of a spherical particle is presented, plus the presentation of the experimental setup, from the fabrication of the photonic structure by photolithography, to the inclusion of this circuit in an optical characterization platform and the presentation of the data acquisition and treatment program. The experimental results are analyzed and discussed. The differences are around 10% over the theoretical Stokes velocities relating to such sedimentation process. An overall generic curve or spectral response is clearly demonstrated on these sedimentation processes.
This study concerns the development of sensors based on integrated photonics and resonator elemen... more This study concerns the development of sensors based on integrated photonics and resonator elements for monitoring the dynamic processes of sedimentation and drying of various bloods. The resonant structures of integrated photonics were produced and shaped on Si/SiO 2 and organic UV210 substrate, by deposition and microlithography processes allowing achieving patterns of sub-wavelength dimensions. The micro-resonators produced could be incorporated into a detection platform and fine measurements thermally controlled, were performed thanks to a specific signal processing by implemented codes. The analyses and monitoring over time of the different bloods were carried out with an identical defined protocol. The different bloods studied were sampled respectively from poultry, goats and humans with various characteristics in terms of red blood cell sizes, viscosities and densities. The analyzes relating to the sedimentation rates, the viscosity measurements by rheometer and the images of the red blood cells were carried out by different methods and apparatus for all the blood studied. These latest corroborated by our specific resonant measurements on integrated chip and sensors allow us to converge and conclude that the device and photonic chip sensor produced can discriminate the different bloods, with in the 1 st order, an equivalent and differential viscosity measurements. This work further proves that rheology by optical means (and not mechanically) is possible.
We have investigated the effect of brutal steam condensation processes and the behavior of its co... more We have investigated the effect of brutal steam condensation processes and the behavior of its condensed water prior evaporation, with an integrated resonant photonic structure and dynamic tracking of its transduced signal. The aim of this analysis is to develop a steam condensation lab-on-chip sensor, with the possibility of data treatment with an embedded system. Integrated photonic micro-resonators (MRs) devices have been designed and fabricated with polymer UV210 by means of Deep-UV photolithography. Thanks to this technique, we have achieved racetrack shaped micro-resonators coupled to suited access waveguides. We have assessed such MRs with different geometrical characteristics while changing respectively; the coupling length (LC), the radius of curvature (R) and the width (w) of the guides. The chosen values for the set of parameters LC-R-w (in μm) are 5-5-3 and 10-10-3. The laser source used with the injection bench is a Gaussian broadband laser (λcentral=790 nm, FWHM=40 nm) allowing us to visualize several resonances at the same time in order to multiplex the relevant measurements. The transduced spectrum is then acquired with an Optical Spectrum Analyzer (OSA) linked to a computer with Labview and Matlab software recording and processing data in real time. Then, relevant characteristics to be tracked are the Free Spectral Range (FSR) and the transmitted energy; these quantities can be linked to the physical characteristics of the structure considering both the effective refractive index and the absorption coefficient. The experimental set-up also includes various movies with a top-view imaging camera of the chip (MRs) recording the soft matter process steps, so as to correlate the changes in the transduced spectrum and the behavior of the condensed steam mechanisms (condensation, coalescence and evaporation). Then, the chip is fitted with a temperature controller, so as to carry out measurements at different temperatures: 20°C, 24°C and 28°C.
In integrated photonics, the calculation of the solutions regarding the propagation equations mod... more In integrated photonics, the calculation of the solutions regarding the propagation equations modes may be summed up as a problem with eigenvalues and eigenvectors to be solved. Based on such global principle, we have investigated the ability to monitor the impact of a lack of material (or void) on the evolution of eigenvalues of waveguides. To this end, specific families of resonators have been designed with several slits nano-inscribed upon them. The signal resonant light is then characterized while considering the whole geometry taking account of the void: thus, it contains the information regarding the pre-defined recessed volume. The UV 210 polymer is processed (deep UV 248 nm) so as to shape specific slots within a set of waveguides. Then, such waveguides have been re-looped as micro-resonators circuits with a view to measuring experimentally relevant variations of the eigenvalue considering the Free Spectral Range (FSR) associated with resonances. Experiments allowed us to hi...
The present paper describes biophotonic sensors realized by way of inexpensive processes. As hybr... more The present paper describes biophotonic sensors realized by way of inexpensive processes. As hybrid silica/polymer resonators, they are suited to detect biological molecules in gel/fluid phase transition at infinitesimal concentrations (sphingomyelin lipids). The photonic structure is made of specific amplified deep UV210 photoresist-polymer waveguides coupled by a sub-wavelength gap with racetrack microresonators allowing a minimal dependence in temperature. Then, temperature dependent wavelength shifts characterizing the optical resonances of the device have been evaluated, highlighting a quite low thermal feature of the sensor advantageous for relevant applications. With an appropriate vesicle lipid deposition process, specific in biology, together with an apt experimental bio-thermo-photonic protocol, the dynamic evolution of the sphingomyelin lipid phase transition has been assessed. The ability to detect their gel/fluid transition phase and melting temperature has been demonst...
Nous avons developpe un capteur base sur des resonateurs optiques afin de detecter des changement... more Nous avons developpe un capteur base sur des resonateurs optiques afin de detecter des changements d’indice de refraction environnant pour des solutions ou la matiere molle. Ces capteurs a bas cout ont une sensibilite qui permet de detecter la transition de phase lipidique a des concentrations 1000 fois inferieures a celles utilisees par les techniques conventionnelles (Scanning Dynamic Calorimetry).Les micro-resonateurs sont realises en salle blanche. Les plaques de silicium sont recouvertes d’une resine (UV210) qui, apres exposition aux ultraviolets et rincage, forme des guides de lumiere entre lesquels sont positionnes des anneaux ovoides. Les anneaux sont positionnes a 500 nm des guides afin de capter le champ evanescent lors du passage de la lumiere creant ainsi un peigne de lumiere en sortie des guides.Les caracteristiques du signal de sortie sont dependantes de l’indice effectif (resonateur-environnement) du resonateur. Ainsi, nous avons pu mesurer des changements d’indice de...
Integrated Photonics Platforms: Fundamental Research, Manufacturing and Applications, 2020
HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific re... more HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
The paper describes nanophotonic sensors realized by way of inexpensive organic processes. As hyb... more The paper describes nanophotonic sensors realized by way of inexpensive organic processes. As hybrid silica/polymer resonators, they are suited to detect biological molecules in gel/fluid phase transition at infinitesimal concentrations (sphingomyelin lipids). Such a family of photonic structures is made of specific amplified deep UV210 photoresist-polymer waveguides coupled by a sub-wavelength gap with various racetrack micro-resonators. Thus, temperature dependent wavelength shifts characterizing the optical resonances of the device have been evaluated, highlighting a low thermal feature of the sensor, which is advantageous for this specific application. With an adapted vesicle lipid deposition process, specific in biology, together with an apt experimental thermo-photonic protocol, the dynamic evolution of the sphingomyelin lipid phase transition has been followed and assessed. The ability to detect their gel/fluid transition phase and melting temperature has been demonstrated wi...
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Papers by Lucas GARNIER