In this brief survey of motives and methods of urban agriculture, we’ve seen several examples of ... more In this brief survey of motives and methods of urban agriculture, we’ve seen several examples of farms in the city. Setting aside the skyscrapers full of fresh grown salad greens, we have been watching our entrepreneurs try to grow communities—growing people more than growing plants—in Cuba, Detroit, Vancouver and elsewhere. Now what can we learn and how put it into action?
BACKGROUND Post hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) autoimmune cytopenia (AIC) is a potentia... more BACKGROUND Post hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) autoimmune cytopenia (AIC) is a potential life-threatening complication but studies focusing on large cohorts of patients transplanted for primary immunodeficiency (PID) are lacking. OBJECTIVE We aimed to study the incidence, risk factors and outcomes of post-HCT AIC and B-lymphocyte function following rituximab. METHODS Retrospective study of 502 PID children who were transplanted at our centre between 1987 and 2018. RESULTS Thirty-six (9%) developed post-HCT AIC, with a median onset of 6.5 months post-HCT. On univariate analysis, pre-HCT AIC, mismatched donor, alemtuzumab, ATG, acute and chronic GvHD were significantly associated with post-HCT AIC. After multivariate analysis, alemtuzumab (SHR 9.0, 95% CI, 1.50-54.0, p=0.02) was independently associated with post-HCT AIC. Corticosteroid and high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) achieved remission in 50% (n=18), additional rituximab led to remission in 25% (n=9), and the remaining 25% were treated with a combination of various modalities including sirolimus (n=5), bortezomib (n=3), mycophenolate mofetil (n=2), splenectomy (n=2), and second HCT (n=3). The mortality of post-HCT AIC reduced from 25% (4/16) prior to 2011 to 5% (1/20) after 2011. The median follow-up of 5.8 years (range, 0.4 to 29.1 years) showed that 26 of 30 survivors (87%) were in complete remission, 4 were in remission with ongoing sirolimus and low dose steroid. Of 17 who received rituximab, 7 had B-lymphocyte recovery, 5 had persistent low B-lymphocyte count and remained on IVIG replacement, 2 had second HCT and 3 died. CONCLUSION The frequency of post HCT AIC in out cohort was 9%, and the most significant risk factors for its occurrence were the presence of GvHD and the use of alemtuzumab.
ABSTRACT:This article reviews four key orientations in environmental ethics that range from an in... more ABSTRACT:This article reviews four key orientations in environmental ethics that range from an instrumental understanding of sustainability to one that acknowledges the intrinsic value of sustainable behavior (i.e., sustainable resource use, conservation and preservation, rights-based perspectives, and deep ecology). It then shows that the current scholarly discourse around corporate sustainability management—as reflected in environment management (EM), corporate social responsibility (CSR), and corporate political activity (CPA)—mostly favors an instrumental perspective on sustainability. Sustainable business practices are viewed as anthropocentric and are conceptualized as a means to achieve competitive advantage. Based on these observations, we speculate about what corporate sustainability management might look like if it applied ethical orientations that emphasize the intrinsic value of nature. This discussion also includes an introduction to two articles in this special section...
This first chapter provides a solid introduction to the terms and forms of reasoning of philosoph... more This first chapter provides a solid introduction to the terms and forms of reasoning of philosophical ethics, made accessible through simple cases. The vocabulary of important ethical positions—from intuitionism through utilitarianism to principlism—is presented, and the implications of standard ethical reasoning explained; simple Decision Procedures for making ethical decisions are also illustrated with cases.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this p... more The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.
She has authored or co-authored several textbooks in the fields of Ethics and Environmental Studi... more She has authored or co-authored several textbooks in the fields of Ethics and Environmental Studies, including two casebooks in Environmental Ethics (Watersheds (1994) and Watersheds Two (1997)), Wake Up Calls: Classic Cases in Business Ethics (1996), and Taking Sides: Controversial Issues in Business Ethics and Society (6th ed. 2000); she has authored over 70 articles on ethics in environmental policy, politics, law, medicine and business, and was the writer and ethics consultant for Media and Society's 1990 series, Ethics in America, still occasionally aired on public television. She consults on issues of health care ethics with several regional health care providers, and has a faculty appointment in the Department of Medicine at Yale Medical School for the teaching of medical ethics.
The eight pieces constituting this Meeting Report are summaries of presentations made during a pa... more The eight pieces constituting this Meeting Report are summaries of presentations made during a panel session at the 2011 Association for Practical and Professional Ethics (APPE) annual meeting held between March 3rd and 6th in Cincinnati. Lisa Newton organized the session and served as chair. The panel of eight consisted both of pioneers in the field and more recent arrivals. It covered a range of topics from how the field has developed to where it should be going, from identification of issues needing further study to problems of training the next generation of engineers and engineering-ethics scholars.
This document is provided as an electronic appendix to the article "A new dissimilarity meas... more This document is provided as an electronic appendix to the article "A new dissimilarity measure for finding semantic structure in category fluency data with implications for understanding memory organization in schizophrenia". This appendix contains two parts. In the first we derive a measure of the distance between two items in a fluency list that is appropriately normalized for list-length. This measure serves as the core element of the mean cumulative frequency (mcf) dissimilarity metric described in the article. In the second part we compare and contrast the mcf metric with the prevailing Chan et al. (1993) dissimilarity metric, referred to as the dis metric here and throughout the article. 1. Derivation of a Measure of Inter-item Distance based on Cumulative Frequencies Our measure of normalized inter-item distance is based on an analysis of the frequency distribution with which any given inter-item distance d occurs within lists of different lengths. In the following...
At the heart of the wide-ranging abortion debate is the concern that it is another human being, o... more At the heart of the wide-ranging abortion debate is the concern that it is another human being, one like ourselves, that we destroy in the abortion procedure, and Tristram Engelhardt has done a very useful service in separating this issue from peripheral ones in his "The ...
Robert Solomon has usefully set forth the outlines of an ontology of ethics for the employee. I s... more Robert Solomon has usefully set forth the outlines of an ontology of ethics for the employee. I seize upon three of the insights in his paper—specifically, relating to employee role, social nature, and virtue— and develop them along Aristotelean lines, showing along the way how classic “dilemmas” of the business ethics literature can be recast as problems of employee character and virtue.
We investigated whether blue ducks Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos preferentially capture prey that h... more We investigated whether blue ducks Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos preferentially capture prey that have themselves become rare or that need to be present for successful re-establishment. Working at the Manganuiateao River in New Zealand, we measured the densities and relative abundances of benthic invertebrates, numbers of prey fragments in faeces of adult ducks, and foraging behaviour of adult ducks. Invertebrate densities on stones ranged from 3 741 m : to 14,417 m 2. Stone and boulder communities were dominated by cased caddisfly larvae or Chironomidae larvae in most months. Patterns of apparent selectivity varied, but Trichoptera larvae in the family Hydrobiosidae and in the genus Aoteapsyche (Hydropsychidae) ranked highly, and cased caddis larvae consistently ranked low, in the diet. Discriminant function analysis indicated that apparent prey preferences were partly related to whether foraging blue ducks were gleaning from the tops or undersides of rocks in the river. Canonical correlation analysis showed that ingestion of stonefly and mayfly larvae was associated with diving behaviour, but it was not possible to predict the ingestion of other prey from foraging tactics. No single prey category was so highly valued by the blue ducks we studied that it might limit population establishment at new sites.
In this brief survey of motives and methods of urban agriculture, we’ve seen several examples of ... more In this brief survey of motives and methods of urban agriculture, we’ve seen several examples of farms in the city. Setting aside the skyscrapers full of fresh grown salad greens, we have been watching our entrepreneurs try to grow communities—growing people more than growing plants—in Cuba, Detroit, Vancouver and elsewhere. Now what can we learn and how put it into action?
BACKGROUND Post hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) autoimmune cytopenia (AIC) is a potentia... more BACKGROUND Post hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) autoimmune cytopenia (AIC) is a potential life-threatening complication but studies focusing on large cohorts of patients transplanted for primary immunodeficiency (PID) are lacking. OBJECTIVE We aimed to study the incidence, risk factors and outcomes of post-HCT AIC and B-lymphocyte function following rituximab. METHODS Retrospective study of 502 PID children who were transplanted at our centre between 1987 and 2018. RESULTS Thirty-six (9%) developed post-HCT AIC, with a median onset of 6.5 months post-HCT. On univariate analysis, pre-HCT AIC, mismatched donor, alemtuzumab, ATG, acute and chronic GvHD were significantly associated with post-HCT AIC. After multivariate analysis, alemtuzumab (SHR 9.0, 95% CI, 1.50-54.0, p=0.02) was independently associated with post-HCT AIC. Corticosteroid and high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) achieved remission in 50% (n=18), additional rituximab led to remission in 25% (n=9), and the remaining 25% were treated with a combination of various modalities including sirolimus (n=5), bortezomib (n=3), mycophenolate mofetil (n=2), splenectomy (n=2), and second HCT (n=3). The mortality of post-HCT AIC reduced from 25% (4/16) prior to 2011 to 5% (1/20) after 2011. The median follow-up of 5.8 years (range, 0.4 to 29.1 years) showed that 26 of 30 survivors (87%) were in complete remission, 4 were in remission with ongoing sirolimus and low dose steroid. Of 17 who received rituximab, 7 had B-lymphocyte recovery, 5 had persistent low B-lymphocyte count and remained on IVIG replacement, 2 had second HCT and 3 died. CONCLUSION The frequency of post HCT AIC in out cohort was 9%, and the most significant risk factors for its occurrence were the presence of GvHD and the use of alemtuzumab.
ABSTRACT:This article reviews four key orientations in environmental ethics that range from an in... more ABSTRACT:This article reviews four key orientations in environmental ethics that range from an instrumental understanding of sustainability to one that acknowledges the intrinsic value of sustainable behavior (i.e., sustainable resource use, conservation and preservation, rights-based perspectives, and deep ecology). It then shows that the current scholarly discourse around corporate sustainability management—as reflected in environment management (EM), corporate social responsibility (CSR), and corporate political activity (CPA)—mostly favors an instrumental perspective on sustainability. Sustainable business practices are viewed as anthropocentric and are conceptualized as a means to achieve competitive advantage. Based on these observations, we speculate about what corporate sustainability management might look like if it applied ethical orientations that emphasize the intrinsic value of nature. This discussion also includes an introduction to two articles in this special section...
This first chapter provides a solid introduction to the terms and forms of reasoning of philosoph... more This first chapter provides a solid introduction to the terms and forms of reasoning of philosophical ethics, made accessible through simple cases. The vocabulary of important ethical positions—from intuitionism through utilitarianism to principlism—is presented, and the implications of standard ethical reasoning explained; simple Decision Procedures for making ethical decisions are also illustrated with cases.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this p... more The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.
She has authored or co-authored several textbooks in the fields of Ethics and Environmental Studi... more She has authored or co-authored several textbooks in the fields of Ethics and Environmental Studies, including two casebooks in Environmental Ethics (Watersheds (1994) and Watersheds Two (1997)), Wake Up Calls: Classic Cases in Business Ethics (1996), and Taking Sides: Controversial Issues in Business Ethics and Society (6th ed. 2000); she has authored over 70 articles on ethics in environmental policy, politics, law, medicine and business, and was the writer and ethics consultant for Media and Society's 1990 series, Ethics in America, still occasionally aired on public television. She consults on issues of health care ethics with several regional health care providers, and has a faculty appointment in the Department of Medicine at Yale Medical School for the teaching of medical ethics.
The eight pieces constituting this Meeting Report are summaries of presentations made during a pa... more The eight pieces constituting this Meeting Report are summaries of presentations made during a panel session at the 2011 Association for Practical and Professional Ethics (APPE) annual meeting held between March 3rd and 6th in Cincinnati. Lisa Newton organized the session and served as chair. The panel of eight consisted both of pioneers in the field and more recent arrivals. It covered a range of topics from how the field has developed to where it should be going, from identification of issues needing further study to problems of training the next generation of engineers and engineering-ethics scholars.
This document is provided as an electronic appendix to the article "A new dissimilarity meas... more This document is provided as an electronic appendix to the article "A new dissimilarity measure for finding semantic structure in category fluency data with implications for understanding memory organization in schizophrenia". This appendix contains two parts. In the first we derive a measure of the distance between two items in a fluency list that is appropriately normalized for list-length. This measure serves as the core element of the mean cumulative frequency (mcf) dissimilarity metric described in the article. In the second part we compare and contrast the mcf metric with the prevailing Chan et al. (1993) dissimilarity metric, referred to as the dis metric here and throughout the article. 1. Derivation of a Measure of Inter-item Distance based on Cumulative Frequencies Our measure of normalized inter-item distance is based on an analysis of the frequency distribution with which any given inter-item distance d occurs within lists of different lengths. In the following...
At the heart of the wide-ranging abortion debate is the concern that it is another human being, o... more At the heart of the wide-ranging abortion debate is the concern that it is another human being, one like ourselves, that we destroy in the abortion procedure, and Tristram Engelhardt has done a very useful service in separating this issue from peripheral ones in his "The ...
Robert Solomon has usefully set forth the outlines of an ontology of ethics for the employee. I s... more Robert Solomon has usefully set forth the outlines of an ontology of ethics for the employee. I seize upon three of the insights in his paper—specifically, relating to employee role, social nature, and virtue— and develop them along Aristotelean lines, showing along the way how classic “dilemmas” of the business ethics literature can be recast as problems of employee character and virtue.
We investigated whether blue ducks Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos preferentially capture prey that h... more We investigated whether blue ducks Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos preferentially capture prey that have themselves become rare or that need to be present for successful re-establishment. Working at the Manganuiateao River in New Zealand, we measured the densities and relative abundances of benthic invertebrates, numbers of prey fragments in faeces of adult ducks, and foraging behaviour of adult ducks. Invertebrate densities on stones ranged from 3 741 m : to 14,417 m 2. Stone and boulder communities were dominated by cased caddisfly larvae or Chironomidae larvae in most months. Patterns of apparent selectivity varied, but Trichoptera larvae in the family Hydrobiosidae and in the genus Aoteapsyche (Hydropsychidae) ranked highly, and cased caddis larvae consistently ranked low, in the diet. Discriminant function analysis indicated that apparent prey preferences were partly related to whether foraging blue ducks were gleaning from the tops or undersides of rocks in the river. Canonical correlation analysis showed that ingestion of stonefly and mayfly larvae was associated with diving behaviour, but it was not possible to predict the ingestion of other prey from foraging tactics. No single prey category was so highly valued by the blue ducks we studied that it might limit population establishment at new sites.
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