ABSTRACT We investigate theoretically the effect of valley degeneracy on the spin susceptibility ... more ABSTRACT We investigate theoretically the effect of valley degeneracy on the spin susceptibility of a two-dimensional quantum electron liquid by determining the spin-polarization dependence of the ground-state energy within the selfconsistent mean-field approximation of Singwi et al. Specifically, we have studied a two valley system as realized in the Si (100) inversion layer. In qualitative agreement with the recent quantum Monte Carlo study by Marchi et al., we find that the valley degeneracy results in suppression of spin susceptibility over the single valley case. However, the quality of agreement diminishes with increasing value of the coupling parameter rs. This indicates the limitation of mean-field theory to deal with the exchange-correlation effects in the strong coupling region. But, our results show considerable improvement over the random-phase approximation which ignores these correlations completely.
World journal of gastroenterology : WJG, Jan 28, 2011
To study the pharmacological profile and inhibition of smooth muscle contraction by YFa and its a... more To study the pharmacological profile and inhibition of smooth muscle contraction by YFa and its analogs in conjunction with their receptor selectivity. The effects of YFa and its analogs (D-Ala2) YFa, Y (D-Ala2) GFMKKKFMRF amide and Des-Phe-YGGFMKKKFMR amide in guinea pig ileum (GPI) and mouse vas deferens (MVD) motility were studied using an isolated tissue organ bath system, and morphine and DynA (1-13) served as controls. Acetylcholine was used for muscle stimulation. The observations were validated by specific antagonist pretreatment experiments using naloxonazine, naltrindole and norbinaltorphimine norBNI. YFa did not demonstrate significant inhibition of GPI muscle contraction as compared with morphine (15% vs 62%, P = 0.0002), but moderate inhibition of MVD muscle contraction, indicating the role of κ opioid receptors in the contraction. A moderate inhibition of GPI muscles by (Des-Phe) YFa revealed the role of anti-opiate receptors in the smooth muscle contraction. (D-Ala-2)...
Abstract-- Today Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks is a major problem to the availabil... more Abstract-- Today Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks is a major problem to the availability of Internet Services. Several schemes have been proposed for countering DDoS attacks directed at an Internet Server, but they suffer from a range of problems, some of them being ...
Empires and nation-states are generally opposed to each other, as contrasting and antithetical fo... more Empires and nation-states are generally opposed to each other, as contrasting and antithetical forms. Nationalism is widely held to have been the solvent that dissolved the historic European empires. This paper argues that there are in fact, in practice at least, significant similarities between nation-states and empires. Many nation-states are in effect empires in miniature. Similarly, many empires can be seen as nation-states "writ large." Moreover, empires were not, as is usually held, superseded by nation-states but continued alongside them. Empires and nation-states may in fact best be thought of as alternative political projects, both of which are available for elites to pursue depending on the circumstances of the moment. Ultimately empires and nation-states do point in different directions, but it is not clear that the future is a future of nation-states. Empires, as large-scale and long-lasting multiethnic and "multicultural" experiments, may have much to teach us in the current historical phase of globalization and increasingly heterogeneous societies. In theory, there is an abyss between nationalism and imperialism; in practice it can and has been bridged.… Hannah Arendt (1958: 153) Much attention has been paid to the apparent conflicts between imperialism and nationalism; it would be at least equally profitable to study their real partnerships. Anil Seal (1968: 342) In a sense, every modern nation is a product of colonization: it has always been to some degree colonized or colonizing, and sometimes both at the same time. Etienne Balibar (1991: 89) Comparing empires and nation-states There is a venerable tradition that sees nations, nationalism, and nation-states as the antitheses of empires and imperialism. Nations-especially as constituted in nationstates-and empires are seen as rivals, mortal enemies. It was the constant fear of
Powdery mildew (PM) caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is one of the important fol... more Powdery mildew (PM) caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is one of the important foliar diseases of wheat that can cause serious yield losses. Breeding for cultivars with diverse resources of resistance is the most promising approach for combating this disease. The diploid A genome progenitor species of wheat are an important resource for new variability for disease resistance genes. An accession of Triticum boeoticum (A(b)A(b)) showed resistance against a number of Bgt isolates, when tested using detached leaf segments. Inheritance studies in a recombinant inbred line population (RIL), developed from crosses of PM resistant T. boeoticum acc. pau5088 with a PM susceptible T. monococcum acc. pau14087, indicated the presence of two powdery mildew resistance genes in T. boeoticum acc. pau5088. Analysis of powdery mildew infection and molecular marker data of the RIL population revealed that both powdery mildew resistance genes are located on the long arm of chromosome 7A. Mapping was conducted using an integrated linkage map of 7A consisting of SSR, RFLP, STS, and DArT markers. These powdery mildew resistance genes are tentatively designated as PmTb7A.1 and PmTb7A.2. The PmTb7A.2 is closely linked to STS markers MAG2185 and MAG1759 derived from RFLP probes which are linked to powdery mildew resistance gene Pm1. This indicated that PmTb7A.2 might be allelic to Pm1. The PmTb7A.1, flanked by a DArT marker wPt4553 and an SSR marker Xcfa2019 in a 4.3 cM interval, maps proximal to PmT7A.2. PmTb7A.1 is putatively a new powdery mildew resistance gene. The powdery mildew resistance genes from T. boeoticum are currently being transferred to cultivated wheat background through marker-assisted backcrossing, using T. durum as bridging species.
Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2010
Condensation reaction of 2,6-diaminopyridine with isatin in the presence of divalent metal ions r... more Condensation reaction of 2,6-diaminopyridine with isatin in the presence of divalent metal ions results in the formation of the macrocyclic complexes of the type [M(C 26 H 16 N 8)X 2 ], where M = Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and X = Cl − , NO 3 − , CH 3 COO −. The complexes have been characterized with the aid of elemental analyses, conductance measurements, electronic, NMR, infrared and EPR spectral studies. The lower values of molar conductance indicate them to be non-electrolytes. On the basis of these studies, a six coordinate distorted octahedral geometry in which four nitrogen atoms are suitably placed for coordination towards metal ion, has been proposed for all the complexes. The complexes were tested for their in vitro antibacterial activity. Some of the complexes showed good antibacterial activities against some selected bacterial strains.
BACKGROUND: The kinetics of the thermal decomposition of cellulosic materials is of interest from... more BACKGROUND: The kinetics of the thermal decomposition of cellulosic materials is of interest from the viewpoint of flame retardancy for safety, optimization of incineration processes and reducing energy production from fossil sources and associated pollution. One essential step in these processes is the thermal degradation through mass and energy transport, which determines the rate of evolution of various types of products from cellulosic materials.RESULTS: Kinetic parameters have been determined using various model‐based and model‐free methods in the thermal degradation of cellulose up to 700 °C in helium atmosphere. The values of the activation energy obtained in isothermal processes and non‐isothermal processes have been found to be not far from each other. From the integral method, the random nucleation (F1)‐type mechanism has been found most probable for cellulose degradation having an activation energy, Ea, in the range 156.5–166.5 kJ mol−1, lnA = 20–23 min−1, for first‐order...
Background: Mutations and promoters' methylation of a set of candidate cancer genes (CAN genes) a... more Background: Mutations and promoters' methylation of a set of candidate cancer genes (CAN genes) are associated with progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). We hypothesized that these genes' promoters are inactivated through epigenetic silencing and may show a different profile in high-risk populations. We investigated the status of CAN gene methylation and CHD5 protein expression in African American CRC tissue microarrays (TMA) using immunohistochemical staining. Methodology/Principal Findings: The promoter methylation status of the CAN genes was studied by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) in 51 Iranians (a white population) and 51 African Americans (AA). Microsatellite instability (MSI) was analyzed as well. The differential frequency of methylation for each gene was tested by chi-square analysis between the two groups based on matched age and sex. CHD5 protein expression was evaluated in moderate to well differentiated and poorly differentiated carcinomas compared to matched normal tissue using TMA. In addition, the correlation between these epigenetic biomarkers and various clinicopathological factors, including, age, location, and stage of the disease were analyzed. Seventy-seven and 34% of tumors were distal in Iranian and African American patients, respectively. In both populations, the percentage of methylation was .65% for SYNE1, MMP2, APC2, GPNMB, EVL, PTPRD, and STARD8, whereas methylation was ,50% for LGR6, RET, CD109, and RNF. The difference in methylation between the two populations was statistically significant for CHD5, ICAM5 and GPNMB. Thirty-one percent AA tumors showed MSI-H, compared to 28% in Iranians. Conclusions/Significance: A significantly higher methylation rate was found for GPNMB, ICAM5, and CHD5 genes in AA patients compared to Iranians. These genes might play a role in the high incidence and aggressiveness of CRC in the AA population. The hypermethylation of the CAN genes can be considered as a marker of colon carcinogenesis.
Four tumour suppressor genes (Chk1, Chk2, Apaf1 and Rb1) in nine human malignant melanoma cell li... more Four tumour suppressor genes (Chk1, Chk2, Apaf1 and Rb1) in nine human malignant melanoma cell lines were screened for a loss of gene expression, point mutations and small deletions/insertions by cDNA-based DGGE/SCCP analysis. In two cell lines alterations of the investigated genes could be demonstrated. This result confirms our assumption of the participation of dysfunctional p53 inducer/effector genes in human melanoma aetiology. Furthermore, it points towards the probable principal role of diverse alternative p53-pathway disruption mechanisms in this highly therapy-resistant malignancy without affecting p53 itself. To our knowledge, this is the first CHK1/CHK2 mutation screening in human melanoma.
The current interest in Englishness and English national identity, spurred partly by parliamentar... more The current interest in Englishness and English national identity, spurred partly by parliamentary devolution to Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, has been accompanied by calls for an English parliament and even the promotion of a robust English nationalism. This article argues that this is a mistaken direction for the English. English traditions have been non-national and even supra-national. English identities have been especially bound up with Britain and Britishness. An England without Britain is hard to conceive, and would be impolitic to pursue. Survey evidence shows continuing Britishness among the English, with scant support for an English parliament or English independence. The expressions of English nationalism remain relatively muted. 'England for the English' is neither a realistic nor a sensible strategy.
The extent of reaction of '53Gd-radiolabeled Gd(L) chelates with 25 mM CO:-(25 mF), PO:-, Zn*+ an... more The extent of reaction of '53Gd-radiolabeled Gd(L) chelates with 25 mM CO:-(25 mF), PO:-, Zn*+ and Cu*+ at pH 7 was determined for L = EDTA, DTPA, DOTA, HP-D03A, and DO3A. Gd(EDTA)-and Gd(DTPA)*reacted (>20% in 10 mitt) with Cu2+ and Zn2+ in the presence of PO:-. These double replacement reactions yielded precipitated GdP04 and chelated Cu(L). Gd(HP-D03A), Gd(DO3A) and Gd(DOTA)-were1 inert to reaction with all four ions at room temperature (~1% reaction detected). The thermodynamic binding constants 3+ and Cu2+ were found to be equal (1020 M-l) for D03A, while DOTA and HP-D03A %?$$ %?u2+ by r102 M-l. The low order of reactivity of Gd(DOTA)-and Gd(HPDO3A) was anticipated by the binding constants, but the lack of reactivity of Gd(D03A) is attributed to kinetic inertia. This latter property, desirable in MRI contrast agents, is promoted by the conformational stability of the tetraazacyclododecane macrocycle, which forms the backbone of the ligand. It is concluded that this class of chelates is exceptionally inert in solutions of endogenously available ions, and that thermodynamics alone is an insufficient predictor of the reactivity of the highly inert Gd complexes based on the tetraazamacrocycle.
h i g h l i g h t s • First quantitative report of ozone level and UV radiation emission from pho... more h i g h l i g h t s • First quantitative report of ozone level and UV radiation emission from photocopier. • Ozone production is directly proportional with intensity of photocopy operation. • Ozone level from ground floor is significantly higher than basement photocopier. • Ozone production and UV radiation studied has less correlation during photocopy. • Health hazard issue has been evaluated for effect of UV radiation in terms of SED.
Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2009
A new series of complexes of the type [M(C24H16N4)X]X2, where M = Cr(III), Fe(III), and Mn(III), ... more A new series of complexes of the type [M(C24H16N4)X]X2, where M = Cr(III), Fe(III), and Mn(III), X = Cl-, NO3-, and CH3COO-, has been synthesized by template condensation of 1,8-diaminonaphthalene and glyoxal in the presence of trivalent metal salts in methanolic medium. The complexes have been characterized with the help of elemental analysis, conductance measurements, magnetic measurements, and electronic, NMR, IR, and mass spectral studies. On the basis of these studies, a five-coordinate square pyramidal geometry for all of these complexes has been proposed. All the synthesized metal complexes were also tested for their in vitro antimicrobial activities against some bacterial strains, viz. Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus stearothermophilus (gram-positive bacteria), Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas putida (gram-negative bacteria), and some fungal strains, viz. Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. The results obtained were compared with standard antibiotics: chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and the antifungal drug cyclohexamide. Some of the tested complexes showed remarkable antimicrobial activities.
My difficulty with the argument of Bruce Mazlish is not so much definitional as methodological. I... more My difficulty with the argument of Bruce Mazlish is not so much definitional as methodological. Is he articulating different visions of the global future? If so, how comprehensive are these visions supposed to be? Or is he trying to describe an emerging global reality? And what does he mean by global? Does he mean a vision for the whole world or a vision of a world beyond national sovereignty? Global civil society can be both a messy reality and a vision. As a messy reality, it includes the various associations, groups, NGOs, movements that are engaged in negotiations at a global level. As such it includes the American evangelical churches, the American Enterprise Institute, the Muslim Brotherhood, as well as the ‘nice’ ‘progressive’ civic groups like Amnesty International or the World Social Forum. As a vision, it refers to global constitutional order, where different visions of the future—including Global America and Global Islam—are debated, argued and shaped. Global America and Global Islam, on the other hand, are primarily visions, even though the proponents of Global America have probably influenced many aspects of global organisation. But they are not alternative visions. On the contrary, Mazlish’s argument suggests that they depend on each other; Global Islam, he suggests, is largely a construction of Global America, and Global America needs Global Islam to legitimise its role in shaping the world. Most religions nowadays have global reach: witness the reach of the Hindu Diaspora, for example. If these three forms of global society are meant to be visions, is not the choice, in itself, a vision for the future, and a peculiarly American vision as well? Does it not implicitly endorse Huntington’s idea of the ‘clash of civilisations’? During the Cold War, political blocswere divided into the ‘freeworld’, the socialist camp and the non-aligned. Huntington, like the neo-cons, is searching for a new bloc framework, based on cultures instead of Journal of Civil Society Vol. 1, No. 1, 23–24, May 2005
Macrocyclic aminocarboxylates form thermodynamically stable and kinetically inert complexes of la... more Macrocyclic aminocarboxylates form thermodynamically stable and kinetically inert complexes of lanthanides e.g. Gd3+, which are clinically useful as MRI contrast agents. Solubility, relaxivity, thermodynamics and kinetics, crystal structure, and tolcrance studies are presented here.
A new series of metalloporphyrins (M = zinc(II) and manganese(III)), utilizing polyhydroxylamide ... more A new series of metalloporphyrins (M = zinc(II) and manganese(III)), utilizing polyhydroxylamide substituents to achieve water solubility, has been synthesized and spectroscopically characterized. Two of these compounds, [Mn III (TPPAS)Cl] and (Mn III (TPPIS)Cl], have ...
ABSTRACT We investigate theoretically the effect of valley degeneracy on the spin susceptibility ... more ABSTRACT We investigate theoretically the effect of valley degeneracy on the spin susceptibility of a two-dimensional quantum electron liquid by determining the spin-polarization dependence of the ground-state energy within the selfconsistent mean-field approximation of Singwi et al. Specifically, we have studied a two valley system as realized in the Si (100) inversion layer. In qualitative agreement with the recent quantum Monte Carlo study by Marchi et al., we find that the valley degeneracy results in suppression of spin susceptibility over the single valley case. However, the quality of agreement diminishes with increasing value of the coupling parameter rs. This indicates the limitation of mean-field theory to deal with the exchange-correlation effects in the strong coupling region. But, our results show considerable improvement over the random-phase approximation which ignores these correlations completely.
World journal of gastroenterology : WJG, Jan 28, 2011
To study the pharmacological profile and inhibition of smooth muscle contraction by YFa and its a... more To study the pharmacological profile and inhibition of smooth muscle contraction by YFa and its analogs in conjunction with their receptor selectivity. The effects of YFa and its analogs (D-Ala2) YFa, Y (D-Ala2) GFMKKKFMRF amide and Des-Phe-YGGFMKKKFMR amide in guinea pig ileum (GPI) and mouse vas deferens (MVD) motility were studied using an isolated tissue organ bath system, and morphine and DynA (1-13) served as controls. Acetylcholine was used for muscle stimulation. The observations were validated by specific antagonist pretreatment experiments using naloxonazine, naltrindole and norbinaltorphimine norBNI. YFa did not demonstrate significant inhibition of GPI muscle contraction as compared with morphine (15% vs 62%, P = 0.0002), but moderate inhibition of MVD muscle contraction, indicating the role of κ opioid receptors in the contraction. A moderate inhibition of GPI muscles by (Des-Phe) YFa revealed the role of anti-opiate receptors in the smooth muscle contraction. (D-Ala-2)...
Abstract-- Today Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks is a major problem to the availabil... more Abstract-- Today Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks is a major problem to the availability of Internet Services. Several schemes have been proposed for countering DDoS attacks directed at an Internet Server, but they suffer from a range of problems, some of them being ...
Empires and nation-states are generally opposed to each other, as contrasting and antithetical fo... more Empires and nation-states are generally opposed to each other, as contrasting and antithetical forms. Nationalism is widely held to have been the solvent that dissolved the historic European empires. This paper argues that there are in fact, in practice at least, significant similarities between nation-states and empires. Many nation-states are in effect empires in miniature. Similarly, many empires can be seen as nation-states "writ large." Moreover, empires were not, as is usually held, superseded by nation-states but continued alongside them. Empires and nation-states may in fact best be thought of as alternative political projects, both of which are available for elites to pursue depending on the circumstances of the moment. Ultimately empires and nation-states do point in different directions, but it is not clear that the future is a future of nation-states. Empires, as large-scale and long-lasting multiethnic and "multicultural" experiments, may have much to teach us in the current historical phase of globalization and increasingly heterogeneous societies. In theory, there is an abyss between nationalism and imperialism; in practice it can and has been bridged.… Hannah Arendt (1958: 153) Much attention has been paid to the apparent conflicts between imperialism and nationalism; it would be at least equally profitable to study their real partnerships. Anil Seal (1968: 342) In a sense, every modern nation is a product of colonization: it has always been to some degree colonized or colonizing, and sometimes both at the same time. Etienne Balibar (1991: 89) Comparing empires and nation-states There is a venerable tradition that sees nations, nationalism, and nation-states as the antitheses of empires and imperialism. Nations-especially as constituted in nationstates-and empires are seen as rivals, mortal enemies. It was the constant fear of
Powdery mildew (PM) caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is one of the important fol... more Powdery mildew (PM) caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is one of the important foliar diseases of wheat that can cause serious yield losses. Breeding for cultivars with diverse resources of resistance is the most promising approach for combating this disease. The diploid A genome progenitor species of wheat are an important resource for new variability for disease resistance genes. An accession of Triticum boeoticum (A(b)A(b)) showed resistance against a number of Bgt isolates, when tested using detached leaf segments. Inheritance studies in a recombinant inbred line population (RIL), developed from crosses of PM resistant T. boeoticum acc. pau5088 with a PM susceptible T. monococcum acc. pau14087, indicated the presence of two powdery mildew resistance genes in T. boeoticum acc. pau5088. Analysis of powdery mildew infection and molecular marker data of the RIL population revealed that both powdery mildew resistance genes are located on the long arm of chromosome 7A. Mapping was conducted using an integrated linkage map of 7A consisting of SSR, RFLP, STS, and DArT markers. These powdery mildew resistance genes are tentatively designated as PmTb7A.1 and PmTb7A.2. The PmTb7A.2 is closely linked to STS markers MAG2185 and MAG1759 derived from RFLP probes which are linked to powdery mildew resistance gene Pm1. This indicated that PmTb7A.2 might be allelic to Pm1. The PmTb7A.1, flanked by a DArT marker wPt4553 and an SSR marker Xcfa2019 in a 4.3 cM interval, maps proximal to PmT7A.2. PmTb7A.1 is putatively a new powdery mildew resistance gene. The powdery mildew resistance genes from T. boeoticum are currently being transferred to cultivated wheat background through marker-assisted backcrossing, using T. durum as bridging species.
Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2010
Condensation reaction of 2,6-diaminopyridine with isatin in the presence of divalent metal ions r... more Condensation reaction of 2,6-diaminopyridine with isatin in the presence of divalent metal ions results in the formation of the macrocyclic complexes of the type [M(C 26 H 16 N 8)X 2 ], where M = Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and X = Cl − , NO 3 − , CH 3 COO −. The complexes have been characterized with the aid of elemental analyses, conductance measurements, electronic, NMR, infrared and EPR spectral studies. The lower values of molar conductance indicate them to be non-electrolytes. On the basis of these studies, a six coordinate distorted octahedral geometry in which four nitrogen atoms are suitably placed for coordination towards metal ion, has been proposed for all the complexes. The complexes were tested for their in vitro antibacterial activity. Some of the complexes showed good antibacterial activities against some selected bacterial strains.
BACKGROUND: The kinetics of the thermal decomposition of cellulosic materials is of interest from... more BACKGROUND: The kinetics of the thermal decomposition of cellulosic materials is of interest from the viewpoint of flame retardancy for safety, optimization of incineration processes and reducing energy production from fossil sources and associated pollution. One essential step in these processes is the thermal degradation through mass and energy transport, which determines the rate of evolution of various types of products from cellulosic materials.RESULTS: Kinetic parameters have been determined using various model‐based and model‐free methods in the thermal degradation of cellulose up to 700 °C in helium atmosphere. The values of the activation energy obtained in isothermal processes and non‐isothermal processes have been found to be not far from each other. From the integral method, the random nucleation (F1)‐type mechanism has been found most probable for cellulose degradation having an activation energy, Ea, in the range 156.5–166.5 kJ mol−1, lnA = 20–23 min−1, for first‐order...
Background: Mutations and promoters' methylation of a set of candidate cancer genes (CAN genes) a... more Background: Mutations and promoters' methylation of a set of candidate cancer genes (CAN genes) are associated with progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). We hypothesized that these genes' promoters are inactivated through epigenetic silencing and may show a different profile in high-risk populations. We investigated the status of CAN gene methylation and CHD5 protein expression in African American CRC tissue microarrays (TMA) using immunohistochemical staining. Methodology/Principal Findings: The promoter methylation status of the CAN genes was studied by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) in 51 Iranians (a white population) and 51 African Americans (AA). Microsatellite instability (MSI) was analyzed as well. The differential frequency of methylation for each gene was tested by chi-square analysis between the two groups based on matched age and sex. CHD5 protein expression was evaluated in moderate to well differentiated and poorly differentiated carcinomas compared to matched normal tissue using TMA. In addition, the correlation between these epigenetic biomarkers and various clinicopathological factors, including, age, location, and stage of the disease were analyzed. Seventy-seven and 34% of tumors were distal in Iranian and African American patients, respectively. In both populations, the percentage of methylation was .65% for SYNE1, MMP2, APC2, GPNMB, EVL, PTPRD, and STARD8, whereas methylation was ,50% for LGR6, RET, CD109, and RNF. The difference in methylation between the two populations was statistically significant for CHD5, ICAM5 and GPNMB. Thirty-one percent AA tumors showed MSI-H, compared to 28% in Iranians. Conclusions/Significance: A significantly higher methylation rate was found for GPNMB, ICAM5, and CHD5 genes in AA patients compared to Iranians. These genes might play a role in the high incidence and aggressiveness of CRC in the AA population. The hypermethylation of the CAN genes can be considered as a marker of colon carcinogenesis.
Four tumour suppressor genes (Chk1, Chk2, Apaf1 and Rb1) in nine human malignant melanoma cell li... more Four tumour suppressor genes (Chk1, Chk2, Apaf1 and Rb1) in nine human malignant melanoma cell lines were screened for a loss of gene expression, point mutations and small deletions/insertions by cDNA-based DGGE/SCCP analysis. In two cell lines alterations of the investigated genes could be demonstrated. This result confirms our assumption of the participation of dysfunctional p53 inducer/effector genes in human melanoma aetiology. Furthermore, it points towards the probable principal role of diverse alternative p53-pathway disruption mechanisms in this highly therapy-resistant malignancy without affecting p53 itself. To our knowledge, this is the first CHK1/CHK2 mutation screening in human melanoma.
The current interest in Englishness and English national identity, spurred partly by parliamentar... more The current interest in Englishness and English national identity, spurred partly by parliamentary devolution to Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, has been accompanied by calls for an English parliament and even the promotion of a robust English nationalism. This article argues that this is a mistaken direction for the English. English traditions have been non-national and even supra-national. English identities have been especially bound up with Britain and Britishness. An England without Britain is hard to conceive, and would be impolitic to pursue. Survey evidence shows continuing Britishness among the English, with scant support for an English parliament or English independence. The expressions of English nationalism remain relatively muted. 'England for the English' is neither a realistic nor a sensible strategy.
The extent of reaction of '53Gd-radiolabeled Gd(L) chelates with 25 mM CO:-(25 mF), PO:-, Zn*+ an... more The extent of reaction of '53Gd-radiolabeled Gd(L) chelates with 25 mM CO:-(25 mF), PO:-, Zn*+ and Cu*+ at pH 7 was determined for L = EDTA, DTPA, DOTA, HP-D03A, and DO3A. Gd(EDTA)-and Gd(DTPA)*reacted (>20% in 10 mitt) with Cu2+ and Zn2+ in the presence of PO:-. These double replacement reactions yielded precipitated GdP04 and chelated Cu(L). Gd(HP-D03A), Gd(DO3A) and Gd(DOTA)-were1 inert to reaction with all four ions at room temperature (~1% reaction detected). The thermodynamic binding constants 3+ and Cu2+ were found to be equal (1020 M-l) for D03A, while DOTA and HP-D03A %?$$ %?u2+ by r102 M-l. The low order of reactivity of Gd(DOTA)-and Gd(HPDO3A) was anticipated by the binding constants, but the lack of reactivity of Gd(D03A) is attributed to kinetic inertia. This latter property, desirable in MRI contrast agents, is promoted by the conformational stability of the tetraazacyclododecane macrocycle, which forms the backbone of the ligand. It is concluded that this class of chelates is exceptionally inert in solutions of endogenously available ions, and that thermodynamics alone is an insufficient predictor of the reactivity of the highly inert Gd complexes based on the tetraazamacrocycle.
h i g h l i g h t s • First quantitative report of ozone level and UV radiation emission from pho... more h i g h l i g h t s • First quantitative report of ozone level and UV radiation emission from photocopier. • Ozone production is directly proportional with intensity of photocopy operation. • Ozone level from ground floor is significantly higher than basement photocopier. • Ozone production and UV radiation studied has less correlation during photocopy. • Health hazard issue has been evaluated for effect of UV radiation in terms of SED.
Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2009
A new series of complexes of the type [M(C24H16N4)X]X2, where M = Cr(III), Fe(III), and Mn(III), ... more A new series of complexes of the type [M(C24H16N4)X]X2, where M = Cr(III), Fe(III), and Mn(III), X = Cl-, NO3-, and CH3COO-, has been synthesized by template condensation of 1,8-diaminonaphthalene and glyoxal in the presence of trivalent metal salts in methanolic medium. The complexes have been characterized with the help of elemental analysis, conductance measurements, magnetic measurements, and electronic, NMR, IR, and mass spectral studies. On the basis of these studies, a five-coordinate square pyramidal geometry for all of these complexes has been proposed. All the synthesized metal complexes were also tested for their in vitro antimicrobial activities against some bacterial strains, viz. Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus stearothermophilus (gram-positive bacteria), Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas putida (gram-negative bacteria), and some fungal strains, viz. Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. The results obtained were compared with standard antibiotics: chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and the antifungal drug cyclohexamide. Some of the tested complexes showed remarkable antimicrobial activities.
My difficulty with the argument of Bruce Mazlish is not so much definitional as methodological. I... more My difficulty with the argument of Bruce Mazlish is not so much definitional as methodological. Is he articulating different visions of the global future? If so, how comprehensive are these visions supposed to be? Or is he trying to describe an emerging global reality? And what does he mean by global? Does he mean a vision for the whole world or a vision of a world beyond national sovereignty? Global civil society can be both a messy reality and a vision. As a messy reality, it includes the various associations, groups, NGOs, movements that are engaged in negotiations at a global level. As such it includes the American evangelical churches, the American Enterprise Institute, the Muslim Brotherhood, as well as the ‘nice’ ‘progressive’ civic groups like Amnesty International or the World Social Forum. As a vision, it refers to global constitutional order, where different visions of the future—including Global America and Global Islam—are debated, argued and shaped. Global America and Global Islam, on the other hand, are primarily visions, even though the proponents of Global America have probably influenced many aspects of global organisation. But they are not alternative visions. On the contrary, Mazlish’s argument suggests that they depend on each other; Global Islam, he suggests, is largely a construction of Global America, and Global America needs Global Islam to legitimise its role in shaping the world. Most religions nowadays have global reach: witness the reach of the Hindu Diaspora, for example. If these three forms of global society are meant to be visions, is not the choice, in itself, a vision for the future, and a peculiarly American vision as well? Does it not implicitly endorse Huntington’s idea of the ‘clash of civilisations’? During the Cold War, political blocswere divided into the ‘freeworld’, the socialist camp and the non-aligned. Huntington, like the neo-cons, is searching for a new bloc framework, based on cultures instead of Journal of Civil Society Vol. 1, No. 1, 23–24, May 2005
Macrocyclic aminocarboxylates form thermodynamically stable and kinetically inert complexes of la... more Macrocyclic aminocarboxylates form thermodynamically stable and kinetically inert complexes of lanthanides e.g. Gd3+, which are clinically useful as MRI contrast agents. Solubility, relaxivity, thermodynamics and kinetics, crystal structure, and tolcrance studies are presented here.
A new series of metalloporphyrins (M = zinc(II) and manganese(III)), utilizing polyhydroxylamide ... more A new series of metalloporphyrins (M = zinc(II) and manganese(III)), utilizing polyhydroxylamide substituents to achieve water solubility, has been synthesized and spectroscopically characterized. Two of these compounds, [Mn III (TPPAS)Cl] and (Mn III (TPPIS)Cl], have ...
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Papers by Krishan Kumar