A stable supply of raw materials required for industrial development and production of everyday g... more A stable supply of raw materials required for industrial development and production of everyday goods is one of the major challenges for economies nowadays. EU countries are highly dependent on supplies which currently are extracted in only a few countries worldwide. It is also expected that the prices of industrially important raw materials will fluctuate, depending on the supplier policies. Growing concerns of mineral resources supplies on one hand, and the sustainable economy, where protection of natural resources is one of the key goals on the other hand, force us to search for alternative sources of economically important elements. For this reason, waste stream materials: municipal waste incineration ashes, sewage sludge incineration ashes and industrial incineration ashes were studied. The rational use of incineration wastes as a source of economically important materials requires detailed mineralogical and chemical characterization and evaluation of their recovery and leaching potential since they might contain both, important and potentially toxic for the environment elements. To maximize the extraction rates of valuable elements such as phosphorus and/or to minimize the leachability of potentially hazardous elements (e.g. As, Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) a three-step sequential extraction procedure in accordance with the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR; Standards, Measurements and Testing Program) was implemented to characterize the content of trace elements and heavy metals, bonds and potential bioavailability of studied ashes. Leachates were analyzed using ICP methods. Mineralogical methods (XRD and SEM-EDS) were applied to study the composition of starting materials and post extraction solid samples. Efficiency of the proposed extraction method was strongly dependent on incineration technology, types of incinerated waste, bulk chemical composition and mineralogy of ashes that influenced their solubility and thus leaching efficacy.Acknowledgment. This publication has been funded from the Anthropocene Priority Research Area budget under the program "Excellence Initiative – Research University" at the Jagiellonian University.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
The relation between rotation speed, air pressure and the velocity of air-rotary drilling using t... more The relation between rotation speed, air pressure and the velocity of air-rotary drilling using the down the hole method is determined in an empirical manner. For the study, velocity measurements are obtained for combinations of the aforementioned parameters during fieldwork for the installation of borehole heat exchangers near Lublin, Poland. The tests consider three drill bit diameters-110, 127 and 140 mm; three rotational speeds-20, 40 and 60 1/min; and three air pressures-16, 20 and 24 bar. The borehole heat exchangers need 100 m deep wells. The lithology consists mainly of loess and clays to 24 m, sand and carbonate rocks to 36 m, and marls and limestone to 100 m. It is found that the highest drilling velocity is achieved when the greatest pressure is applied, while the lowest drilling velocity is connected to the lowest pressure. However, the relation between rotation speed and drilling velocity is more complex, as drilling velocity seems to be more affected by depth. Therefore, lithology can be a major factor. The results may find direct use in drilling, and provide a basis for further studies on the optimization of drilling technology.
Growing concern over mineral resources supply forces us to search for alternative sources of Phos... more Growing concern over mineral resources supply forces us to search for alternative sources of Phosphorus. The possibility to recover phosphorus from incinerated sewage sludge ashes appears to be an important aspect in anthropogenic phosphorus cycle and sustainable economy. To make phosphorus recovery efficient it is important to learn the chemical and mineral composition of ash and phosphorus speciation. The phosphorus content in the ash was over 7%, what corresponds to medium rich phosphorus ores. The main phosphorus rich mineral phases were phosphate minerals. The most widespread was tri-calcium phosphate Whitlockite with various Fe, Mg and Ca proportions. In minority Fe–PO4 and Mg–PO4 were detected. Whitlockite commonly overgrown with hematite, influences negatively mineral solubility and thus recovery potential and indicates low bioavailability of phosphorus. Considerable amount of phosphorus was found in the low crystalline matrix where phosphorus content was around 10 wt% howev...
In the face of material shortages, growing environmental awareness, and technical advancement, in... more In the face of material shortages, growing environmental awareness, and technical advancement, incinerated waste materials are being considered secondary resources. Especially incinerated sewage sludge ash is of interest due to its massive and increasing production and relatively stable composition with a satisfying concentration of elements of value. This paper revises the basic methods for recovery of valuable components from incineration sewage sludge and simultaneous removal or stabilization of elements that may negatively influence the environment with further ash usage or storage. The presented work focuses on collating and analysing the efficiency of currently used approaches as well as their limitations and perspectives for future development. Chemical methods analysed include acidic and alkaline leaching, chelating, and sequential leaching. Due to scarce examples from literature, the exploration of a microbiological approach focuses on the mechanisms and potential for appli...
Bioleaching by endophytic microorganisms as a method of element recovery from sewage sludge inc... more Bioleaching by endophytic microorganisms as a method of element recovery from sewage sludge incineration ash Incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA) has been proven to have resource potential, and in case of some elements, such as phosphorus, in the same concentration range as currently exploited ores. Usage of waste resources, such as ISSA, to recover valuable elements together with the efficient methods are main assumption for sustainable development. Alongside feasibility, economic, energetic and environmental cost of methods applied have to be taken into consideration. The effective alternative methods to chemical treatment to recover elements form ISSA that simultaneously lower the negative impact of chemical reagents are biological methods. Microorganisms based solutions, even though described, have still underexplored potential in the field of element recovery. One of the reasons for this state is a limited range of species of microorganisms used for this purpose up to date...
A stable supply of raw materials required for industrial development and production of everyday g... more A stable supply of raw materials required for industrial development and production of everyday goods is one of the major challenges for economies nowadays. EU countries are highly dependent on supplies which currently are extracted in only a few countries worldwide. It is also expected that the prices of industrially important raw materials will fluctuate, depending on the supplier policies. Growing concerns of mineral resources supplies on one hand, and the sustainable economy, where protection of natural resources is one of the key goals on the other hand, force us to search for alternative sources of economically important elements. For this reason, waste stream materials: municipal waste incineration ashes, sewage sludge incineration ashes and industrial incineration ashes were studied. The rational use of incineration wastes as a source of economically important materials requires detailed mineralogical and chemical characterization and evaluation of their recovery and leachin...
• S. ruberrimus facilitates A. arenosa growth in sterile metal enriched medium. • S. ruberrimus i... more • S. ruberrimus facilitates A. arenosa growth in sterile metal enriched medium. • S. ruberrimus is capable of precipitating Fe deposits. • A. arenosa cocultered with the yeast for 10 days exhibited less stress symptoms.
Rekcja hydrolizy mocznika z udziałem enzymu ureazy ma kapitalne znaczenie w wielu dziedzinach życ... more Rekcja hydrolizy mocznika z udziałem enzymu ureazy ma kapitalne znaczenie w wielu dziedzinach życia i działalności ludzkiej. Produktami tej reakcji w glebie są niezbędne dla rozwoju roślin, fitodostępne, formy azotu w postaci jonów amonowych NH4+, które ulegają w glebie dalszym przemianom do azotanów(III) i azotanów(V). Mocznik jest najczęściej stosowanym nawozem sztucznym i głównym składnikiem nawozów naturalnych. Ureaza przyśpiesza szybkość rozpadu mocznika aż o 10^14 razy. Tak duże przyśpieszenie reakcji prowadzi często do nadprodukcji tych składników odżywczych roślin, co skutkuje w konsekwencji uwalnianiem, do atmosfery i wód gruntowych, nadmiaru produktów tej i kolejnych reakcji cyklu nitryfikacyjnego, a czasem do przenawożenia. Drogą do optymalizacji nawożenia jest kontrolowane ograniczenie działania ureazy glebowej. W tym celu można zastosować inhibitory ureazy. Mając na uwadze ograniczanie negatywnego wpływu działalności rolnej na środowisko preferowane są rozwiązania nieto...
Airborne microplastic (MP) is an emerging pollutant, still under-characterised and insufficiently... more Airborne microplastic (MP) is an emerging pollutant, still under-characterised and insufficiently understood. Detailed description of MP air pollution is crucial as it has been identified in human lungs and remote locations, highlighting atmosphere as medium of MP dispersion and transportation. The lack of standardization of methods for measuring and further monitoring of the MP pollution is an obstacle towards the assessment of health risks. Since the first recognition of MP presence in the atmosphere of Krakow in 2019, this research was conducted to further characterise and develop the methods for qualitative and quantitative analysis of airborne MP (ATR-FTIR, Pyr-GC-MS, SEM-EDS) and pre-treatment of samples.The data was gathered in seven cycles, from June 2019 to February 2020. Methods used in the study allowed the identification and analysis of the changing ratio of the different types of synthetic polymers identified in the atmospheric fallout (LDPE, Nyl-66, PE, PET, PP, PUR). ...
The relation between rotation speed, air pressure and the velocity of air-rotary drilling using t... more The relation between rotation speed, air pressure and the velocity of air-rotary drilling using the down the hole method is determined in an empirical manner. For the study, velocity measurements are obtained for combinations of the aforementioned parameters during fieldwork for the installation of borehole heat exchangers near Lublin, Poland. The tests consider three drill bit diameters—110, 127 and 140 mm; three rotational speeds—20, 40 and 60 1/min; and three air pressures—16, 20 and 24 bar. The borehole heat exchangers need 100 m deep wells. The lithology consists mainly of loess and clays to 24 m, sand and carbonate rocks to 36 m, and marls and limestone to 100 m. It is found that the highest drilling velocity is achieved when the greatest pressure is applied, while the lowest drilling velocity is connected to the lowest pressure. However, the relation between rotation speed and drilling velocity is more complex, as drilling velocity seems to be more affected by depth. Therefor...
Any definable relation between falling temperature and the compressive strength of shale rocks sh... more Any definable relation between falling temperature and the compressive strength of shale rocks should provide a useful predictive tool aiding optimization of the results of hydraulic fracturing. In this research, an automeasuring hydraulic press, a thermo-camera and the Fluent ANSYS software were used. The results of laboratory simulations, and the effects of experiments conducted on shale rocks to determine permanent changes in compressive strength, are presented. As both frozen rocks and rocks returned to room temperature show diminished compressive strength. It is suggested that prior freezing of rocks can increase the efficiency of fracturing.
Microplastics (MPs) are considered an important stratigraphic indicator, or ‘technofossils’, of t... more Microplastics (MPs) are considered an important stratigraphic indicator, or ‘technofossils’, of the Anthropocene. Research on MP abundance in the environment has gained much attention but the lack of a standardized procedure has hindered the comparability of the results. The development of an effective and efficient method of MP extraction from the matrix is crucial for the proper identification and quantifying analysis of MPs in environmental samples. The procedures of density separation used currently have various limitations: high cost of reagents, limited solution density range, hazardous reagents, or a combination of the above. In this research, a procedure based on density separation with the use of potassium formate water solution (H2O/KCOOH) in controlled conditions was performed. Experimental sediment mixtures, spiked with polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polyurethane (PUR) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) particles were prepared and an extraction procedure was test...
A stable supply of raw materials required for industrial development and production of everyday g... more A stable supply of raw materials required for industrial development and production of everyday goods is one of the major challenges for economies nowadays. EU countries are highly dependent on supplies which currently are extracted in only a few countries worldwide. It is also expected that the prices of industrially important raw materials will fluctuate, depending on the supplier policies. Growing concerns of mineral resources supplies on one hand, and the sustainable economy, where protection of natural resources is one of the key goals on the other hand, force us to search for alternative sources of economically important elements. For this reason, waste stream materials: municipal waste incineration ashes, sewage sludge incineration ashes and industrial incineration ashes were studied. The rational use of incineration wastes as a source of economically important materials requires detailed mineralogical and chemical characterization and evaluation of their recovery and leaching potential since they might contain both, important and potentially toxic for the environment elements. To maximize the extraction rates of valuable elements such as phosphorus and/or to minimize the leachability of potentially hazardous elements (e.g. As, Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) a three-step sequential extraction procedure in accordance with the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR; Standards, Measurements and Testing Program) was implemented to characterize the content of trace elements and heavy metals, bonds and potential bioavailability of studied ashes. Leachates were analyzed using ICP methods. Mineralogical methods (XRD and SEM-EDS) were applied to study the composition of starting materials and post extraction solid samples. Efficiency of the proposed extraction method was strongly dependent on incineration technology, types of incinerated waste, bulk chemical composition and mineralogy of ashes that influenced their solubility and thus leaching efficacy.Acknowledgment. This publication has been funded from the Anthropocene Priority Research Area budget under the program "Excellence Initiative – Research University" at the Jagiellonian University.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
The relation between rotation speed, air pressure and the velocity of air-rotary drilling using t... more The relation between rotation speed, air pressure and the velocity of air-rotary drilling using the down the hole method is determined in an empirical manner. For the study, velocity measurements are obtained for combinations of the aforementioned parameters during fieldwork for the installation of borehole heat exchangers near Lublin, Poland. The tests consider three drill bit diameters-110, 127 and 140 mm; three rotational speeds-20, 40 and 60 1/min; and three air pressures-16, 20 and 24 bar. The borehole heat exchangers need 100 m deep wells. The lithology consists mainly of loess and clays to 24 m, sand and carbonate rocks to 36 m, and marls and limestone to 100 m. It is found that the highest drilling velocity is achieved when the greatest pressure is applied, while the lowest drilling velocity is connected to the lowest pressure. However, the relation between rotation speed and drilling velocity is more complex, as drilling velocity seems to be more affected by depth. Therefore, lithology can be a major factor. The results may find direct use in drilling, and provide a basis for further studies on the optimization of drilling technology.
Growing concern over mineral resources supply forces us to search for alternative sources of Phos... more Growing concern over mineral resources supply forces us to search for alternative sources of Phosphorus. The possibility to recover phosphorus from incinerated sewage sludge ashes appears to be an important aspect in anthropogenic phosphorus cycle and sustainable economy. To make phosphorus recovery efficient it is important to learn the chemical and mineral composition of ash and phosphorus speciation. The phosphorus content in the ash was over 7%, what corresponds to medium rich phosphorus ores. The main phosphorus rich mineral phases were phosphate minerals. The most widespread was tri-calcium phosphate Whitlockite with various Fe, Mg and Ca proportions. In minority Fe–PO4 and Mg–PO4 were detected. Whitlockite commonly overgrown with hematite, influences negatively mineral solubility and thus recovery potential and indicates low bioavailability of phosphorus. Considerable amount of phosphorus was found in the low crystalline matrix where phosphorus content was around 10 wt% howev...
In the face of material shortages, growing environmental awareness, and technical advancement, in... more In the face of material shortages, growing environmental awareness, and technical advancement, incinerated waste materials are being considered secondary resources. Especially incinerated sewage sludge ash is of interest due to its massive and increasing production and relatively stable composition with a satisfying concentration of elements of value. This paper revises the basic methods for recovery of valuable components from incineration sewage sludge and simultaneous removal or stabilization of elements that may negatively influence the environment with further ash usage or storage. The presented work focuses on collating and analysing the efficiency of currently used approaches as well as their limitations and perspectives for future development. Chemical methods analysed include acidic and alkaline leaching, chelating, and sequential leaching. Due to scarce examples from literature, the exploration of a microbiological approach focuses on the mechanisms and potential for appli...
Bioleaching by endophytic microorganisms as a method of element recovery from sewage sludge inc... more Bioleaching by endophytic microorganisms as a method of element recovery from sewage sludge incineration ash Incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA) has been proven to have resource potential, and in case of some elements, such as phosphorus, in the same concentration range as currently exploited ores. Usage of waste resources, such as ISSA, to recover valuable elements together with the efficient methods are main assumption for sustainable development. Alongside feasibility, economic, energetic and environmental cost of methods applied have to be taken into consideration. The effective alternative methods to chemical treatment to recover elements form ISSA that simultaneously lower the negative impact of chemical reagents are biological methods. Microorganisms based solutions, even though described, have still underexplored potential in the field of element recovery. One of the reasons for this state is a limited range of species of microorganisms used for this purpose up to date...
A stable supply of raw materials required for industrial development and production of everyday g... more A stable supply of raw materials required for industrial development and production of everyday goods is one of the major challenges for economies nowadays. EU countries are highly dependent on supplies which currently are extracted in only a few countries worldwide. It is also expected that the prices of industrially important raw materials will fluctuate, depending on the supplier policies. Growing concerns of mineral resources supplies on one hand, and the sustainable economy, where protection of natural resources is one of the key goals on the other hand, force us to search for alternative sources of economically important elements. For this reason, waste stream materials: municipal waste incineration ashes, sewage sludge incineration ashes and industrial incineration ashes were studied. The rational use of incineration wastes as a source of economically important materials requires detailed mineralogical and chemical characterization and evaluation of their recovery and leachin...
• S. ruberrimus facilitates A. arenosa growth in sterile metal enriched medium. • S. ruberrimus i... more • S. ruberrimus facilitates A. arenosa growth in sterile metal enriched medium. • S. ruberrimus is capable of precipitating Fe deposits. • A. arenosa cocultered with the yeast for 10 days exhibited less stress symptoms.
Rekcja hydrolizy mocznika z udziałem enzymu ureazy ma kapitalne znaczenie w wielu dziedzinach życ... more Rekcja hydrolizy mocznika z udziałem enzymu ureazy ma kapitalne znaczenie w wielu dziedzinach życia i działalności ludzkiej. Produktami tej reakcji w glebie są niezbędne dla rozwoju roślin, fitodostępne, formy azotu w postaci jonów amonowych NH4+, które ulegają w glebie dalszym przemianom do azotanów(III) i azotanów(V). Mocznik jest najczęściej stosowanym nawozem sztucznym i głównym składnikiem nawozów naturalnych. Ureaza przyśpiesza szybkość rozpadu mocznika aż o 10^14 razy. Tak duże przyśpieszenie reakcji prowadzi często do nadprodukcji tych składników odżywczych roślin, co skutkuje w konsekwencji uwalnianiem, do atmosfery i wód gruntowych, nadmiaru produktów tej i kolejnych reakcji cyklu nitryfikacyjnego, a czasem do przenawożenia. Drogą do optymalizacji nawożenia jest kontrolowane ograniczenie działania ureazy glebowej. W tym celu można zastosować inhibitory ureazy. Mając na uwadze ograniczanie negatywnego wpływu działalności rolnej na środowisko preferowane są rozwiązania nieto...
Airborne microplastic (MP) is an emerging pollutant, still under-characterised and insufficiently... more Airborne microplastic (MP) is an emerging pollutant, still under-characterised and insufficiently understood. Detailed description of MP air pollution is crucial as it has been identified in human lungs and remote locations, highlighting atmosphere as medium of MP dispersion and transportation. The lack of standardization of methods for measuring and further monitoring of the MP pollution is an obstacle towards the assessment of health risks. Since the first recognition of MP presence in the atmosphere of Krakow in 2019, this research was conducted to further characterise and develop the methods for qualitative and quantitative analysis of airborne MP (ATR-FTIR, Pyr-GC-MS, SEM-EDS) and pre-treatment of samples.The data was gathered in seven cycles, from June 2019 to February 2020. Methods used in the study allowed the identification and analysis of the changing ratio of the different types of synthetic polymers identified in the atmospheric fallout (LDPE, Nyl-66, PE, PET, PP, PUR). ...
The relation between rotation speed, air pressure and the velocity of air-rotary drilling using t... more The relation between rotation speed, air pressure and the velocity of air-rotary drilling using the down the hole method is determined in an empirical manner. For the study, velocity measurements are obtained for combinations of the aforementioned parameters during fieldwork for the installation of borehole heat exchangers near Lublin, Poland. The tests consider three drill bit diameters—110, 127 and 140 mm; three rotational speeds—20, 40 and 60 1/min; and three air pressures—16, 20 and 24 bar. The borehole heat exchangers need 100 m deep wells. The lithology consists mainly of loess and clays to 24 m, sand and carbonate rocks to 36 m, and marls and limestone to 100 m. It is found that the highest drilling velocity is achieved when the greatest pressure is applied, while the lowest drilling velocity is connected to the lowest pressure. However, the relation between rotation speed and drilling velocity is more complex, as drilling velocity seems to be more affected by depth. Therefor...
Any definable relation between falling temperature and the compressive strength of shale rocks sh... more Any definable relation between falling temperature and the compressive strength of shale rocks should provide a useful predictive tool aiding optimization of the results of hydraulic fracturing. In this research, an automeasuring hydraulic press, a thermo-camera and the Fluent ANSYS software were used. The results of laboratory simulations, and the effects of experiments conducted on shale rocks to determine permanent changes in compressive strength, are presented. As both frozen rocks and rocks returned to room temperature show diminished compressive strength. It is suggested that prior freezing of rocks can increase the efficiency of fracturing.
Microplastics (MPs) are considered an important stratigraphic indicator, or ‘technofossils’, of t... more Microplastics (MPs) are considered an important stratigraphic indicator, or ‘technofossils’, of the Anthropocene. Research on MP abundance in the environment has gained much attention but the lack of a standardized procedure has hindered the comparability of the results. The development of an effective and efficient method of MP extraction from the matrix is crucial for the proper identification and quantifying analysis of MPs in environmental samples. The procedures of density separation used currently have various limitations: high cost of reagents, limited solution density range, hazardous reagents, or a combination of the above. In this research, a procedure based on density separation with the use of potassium formate water solution (H2O/KCOOH) in controlled conditions was performed. Experimental sediment mixtures, spiked with polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polyurethane (PUR) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) particles were prepared and an extraction procedure was test...
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