Papers by Dean Kilpatrick
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 2017
Background-This study examined whether a brief video intervention (Prevention of Postrape Stress;... more Background-This study examined whether a brief video intervention (Prevention of Postrape Stress; PPRS) delivered in the emergency department to recent sexual assault (SA) victims reduced alcohol and marijuana use at three points over the course of a six-month follow-up compared to treatment as usual (TAU) and an active control condition (Pleasant Imagery and Relaxation Information; PIRI). Prior assault history, minority status, and pre-SA substance use also were examined as moderators of intervention efficacy. Methods-Women age 15 and older (N = 154) who participated in a post-SA medical forensic exam were randomly assigned to watch the PPRS video (n=54), the PIRI video (n=48), or receive TAU (n=52) and completed at least one follow-up assessment targeted at 1.5 (T1), 3 (T2), or 6 (T3) months following the exam. Results-Regression analyses revealed that, relative to TAU, PPRS was associated with less frequent alcohol use at 6 months post-SA among women reporting pre-SA binge drinking and minority women. Relative to TAU, PPRS also was associated with fewer days of marijuana use at T1 among those who did not report pre-SA marijuana use and prior SA. Findings for pre-SA marijuana use were maintained at T3; however, findings for prior SA shifted such that PPRS was associated with fewer days of marijuana use at T3 for women with a prior SA. Conclusions-PPRS may be effective at reducing substance use for some recent SA victims, including those with a prior SA history, a prior substance use history, and minority women.
Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, 2015
This study examined the relations between witnessed parental violence (PV) and child physical abu... more This study examined the relations between witnessed parental violence (PV) and child physical abuse (CPA) over a 1 year period among a nationally representative sample of 2,514 adolescents, ages 12-18. History of witnessed PV (Wave 1) prospectively predicted new experiences (controlling for abuse history) and first experiences of CPA reported at Wave 2. Conversely, history of CPA predicted new experiences of PV, but not first experiences. For adolescents who reported witnessed PV and CPA, witnessed PV preceded CPA in 70 % of cases. Most common configuration was single-perpetrator of violence. Additional perpetrator and sequencing configurations are reported. Study findings addressed several limitations in the literature by including use of adolescent report, longitudinal design, inclusion of perpetrator identity, and a nationally representative sample.
Journal of Clinical Geropsychology, 2002
A randomly selected sample of 549 women age 55 years and older and 2,669 women age 18–34 years wa... more A randomly selected sample of 549 women age 55 years and older and 2,669 women age 18–34 years was interviewed via telephone to determine prevalences of physical and sexual assault, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology, and depression. Prevalences of sexual and physical assaults were lower in older compared to younger women. In addition, given a trauma, prevalences and proportionate risk
International Journal of the Addictions, 1995
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 2003
Research on epidemiological assessment of interpersonal violence in younger adults indicates that... more Research on epidemiological assessment of interpersonal violence in younger adults indicates that there are essential components of interview-based queries necessary to maximize the likelihood that episodes of physical and sexual assault will be identified. These include phrasing to prime comprehensive disclosure, combined with extremely behaviorally specific descriptive questions about assault events. Such methodology permits simultaneous assessment of violence perpetrated by intimates or caregivers (i. e., abuse) as well as that perpetrated by strangers (i. e., assault), and is easily conducted via telephone. However, these strategies have not been used to simultaneously measure both abuse and assault in older adults, and some question exists as to the applicability of telephone interview techniques to geriatric populations. A total of 106 elder respondents were surveyed, approximately half in person and half via the telephone, to evaluate the feasibility of using a telephone-based structured interview to measure both assault and abuse, as well as to screen for psychopathology in a geriatric population. In order to assure that a sufficient number of crime victims were available to assess the ability of dependent measures to detect a variety of abuse and assault types, approximately half of the group in each interview context was comprised of a victim oversample referred by local police departments, whereas the remainder of each group were randomly selected from local telephone directories. Data indicated that the methodology was successfully adapted to the geriatric population. Rates of lifetime and recent abuse and assault detected by in-person and telephone methods were comparable, and medical problems associated with aging posed no significant problem. The methodology was acceptable to older adults and very effective in identifying both abuse and assault events, perpetrator status, and psychopathology. Telephone-based interviewing appeared to be a valid alternative to in-person interviews in identifying victimization and psychopathology.
Journal of Traumatic Stress, 2000
Journal of Traumatic Stress, 2011
Journal of Traumatic Stress, 2009
Journal of Loss and Trauma, 2004
... DOI: 10.1080/15325020490255296 KRISTINE L. BRADY a , RON E ... may be more at risk of develop... more ... DOI: 10.1080/15325020490255296 KRISTINE L. BRADY a , RON E ... may be more at risk of developing and maintaining a diagnosis of PTSD postloss compared to men, particularly when the loss is violent and involves the death of a child (Murphy, Johnson, & Lohan, 200212. ...
Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2010
Rape affects one in seven women nationwide. Historically, most rape victims do not report rape to... more Rape affects one in seven women nationwide. Historically, most rape victims do not report rape to law enforcement. Research is needed to identify barriers to reporting and correlates of reporting to guide policy recommendations that address such barriers. We investigated the prevalence of reporting rape among a national sample of women ( N = 3,001) interviewed in 2006. The study also examined predictors of reporting as well as barriers to reporting, concerns about reporting, and women’s experiences with the reporting process. Results demonstrated that the overall prevalence of reporting (15.8%) has not significantly increased since the 1990s. Differences were found between rape types, with rapes involving drug or alcohol incapacitation or facilitation being less likely to be reported than forcible rapes. Several predictors of reporting emerged in multivariable analyses. Implications for public health and public policy are discussed.
Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2011
Witnessed community violence has been linked to a number of internalizing and externalizing probl... more Witnessed community violence has been linked to a number of internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescents. Guided by Cicchetti and Lynch’s (1993) ecological-transactional model, this study aimed to examine the impact that family-level factors had on negative outcomes associated with witnessed community violence. Using a nationally representative sample, we explored the moderational role of family cohesion in the relationship between witnessing community violence and delinquent behavior while taking demographic variables into account. Results from the investigation suggested that low levels of family cohesion were predictive of delinquency after controlling for race, gender, past delinquency, and direct trauma. In addition, the findings suggested that family cohesion moderated the impact of witnessed community violence on future delinquent behavior. Future directions for research and implications for practice were also discussed.
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1995
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1997
Journal of Community Psychology, 2000
ABSTRACT
Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2000
Given the high prevalence of crime within the general population and the increased rates of victi... more Given the high prevalence of crime within the general population and the increased rates of victimization among those seeking medical care, professionals who work in emergency departments, primary care medical facilities, or mental health settings need to be prepared to address physical and psychological problems related to sexual and physical assault. In this paper, interpersonal violence prevalence studies are reviewed in terms of study design and findings for sexual assault and physical assault. Common injuries following both forms of assault are documented, followed by a review of long-term medical outcomes. In addition to a review of physical health outcomes, primary psychological effects of violence are also reviewed. Strategies with which to screen for interpersonal violence in the medical setting are offered, and issues related to mandatory reporting are summarized. Interventions for assault victims that can be implemented in the medical setting are outlined, and a new hospital-based treatment for victims of rape is described.
Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 2011
Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2004
Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 1999
Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 1999
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2002
Although the high comorbidity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorders... more Although the high comorbidity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorders has been firmly established, no laboratory-based studies have been conducted to examine relationships between the two disorders. Using cue reactivity methodology, this study examined the impact of personalized trauma-image cues and in 6i6o drug cues on drug-related responding (e.g. craving) in individuals with PTSD and either crack cocaine (CD) or alcohol dependence (AD). CD and AD groups displayed reactivity to both trauma and drug cues when compared to neutral cues, including increased craving. However, the AD group was more reactive than the CD group to both classes of cues. The CD participants were more reactive to trauma-image cues if drug-related material was included in the image while the AD participants were reactive to the trauma cues regardless of drug-related content. It is hypothesized that PTSD-related negative emotion may play a relatively more important role in the maintenance of AD when compared to CD. Evidence that substance dependent individuals with PTSD report increased substance craving in response to trauma memories is offered as a potential contributing factor in the poorer substance abuse treatment outcomes previously documented in this comorbid population.
Uploads
Papers by Dean Kilpatrick