Maize is a widely grown cereal after rice and wheat and contributes almost 5% to the global dieta... more Maize is a widely grown cereal after rice and wheat and contributes almost 5% to the global dietary supply. In the Eastern Gangetic Plains (EGP) including India, Bangladesh, and Nepal, maize is an emerging cash crop, because of its high yield potentiality and also the favorable climatic conditions which allow maize production round the year. In Bangladesh, area and production of maize are escalating due to the increasing demand for poultry, livestock, and fish feed, and fodder for animals and starch industries in the region. Presently, more than 90% of maize is planted by manual dibbling following 5-6 intensive tillage, which increases the cost of cultivation. The conservation agricultural (CA)-based new agricultural practices could overcome those above challenges. CA is cost-effective and environmentally friendly; however, weeds are one of the key challenges in the system. The chapter described the uses of herbicides in different ways of combinations to make effective weed control in CA-based maize to achieve potential production and profits by reducing the intensive pressure of manual weeding. The efficient and right use of pre-plant/sowing, pre-and post-emergence herbicides and their combination may be the best way for effective control of weeds in maize production.
Drip-irrigation can improve uniformity in water distribution, water use efficiency, and crop prod... more Drip-irrigation can improve uniformity in water distribution, water use efficiency, and crop productivity in the saline and nonsaline regions of South Asia and in Bangladesh where the availability and quality of water resources are scare for sustainable crop production. However, the currently available drip-irrigation systems (DIS) have limitations especially in the design and field performance of emitters. A new type of emitter with low pressure (gravity) was developed, installed and evaluated using the locally produced materials in two locations (nonsaline and saline zones) of Bangladesh. The emitter discharge rate was measured for the variable operating heads of 1.5, 2, and 2.5 meter (m) with 0%, 1%, and 1.5% slopes with eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), a commonly grown vegetable in the region. The tested parameters of the emitter were manufacturer coefficient of variation (CVm), emission uniformity (EU), coefficient of uniformity (CU), and the statistical uniformity (Us) of wate...
Eggplant is an important vegetable in South Asia. In Bangladesh, it is grown around the year in a... more Eggplant is an important vegetable in South Asia. In Bangladesh, it is grown around the year in all parts of the country. However, it is highly sensitive to waterlogged conditions. In Bangladesh, during the monsoon, waterlogged conditions represent one of the hostile abiotic stresses that affect the growth and development of eggplant, leading to a drastically reduced yield. Considering this burning issue, the current study aimed to identify waterlogging-tolerant eggplant cultivars suitable for growing in the summer season. In this context, a factorial field experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design. The treatments consisted of factor A, waterlogged levels: (i) I0: no waterlogging (control; normal irrigation and drainage); (ii) I1: waterlogging for 48 h maintained by 25 mm constant standing water depth; (iii) I2: waterlog- ging for 96 h maintained by 25 mm constant standing water depth; and factor B, eggplants (including existing varieties and advance lines): V1: BARI Begun-8, V2: BARI Begun-10, V3: BARI Hybrid Begun-4, V4: BARI Hybrid Begun-5, V5: BARI Hybrid Begun-6, V6: BARI Adv. Line-SM216, V7: BARI Adv. Line-SM233, V8: BARI Adv. Line-SM253B, V9: BARI Adv. Line-SM275, and V10: BARI Adv. Line-SM286B. The results revealed that the eggplant varieties were sensitive to waterlogging levels, particularly at the flowering/fruiting stage (46 days after planting, DAP). Among the varieties, V5 (BARI Hybrid Begun-6) performed better than the other varieties and lines. The variety V5 had significantly lower damage (20%) and greater survival (80%) ability under 48h of waterlogging (I1) at 65 DAP and 80 DAP, while the others were observed to have significantly greater damage and lower survival ability. The variety V5 also showed significantly greater root biomass under 48h (I1) and 96h (I2) of waterlogging at 70 DAP, while the other varieties and lines showed significantly lower root biomass. The effect of waterlogging on SPAD value and root biomass was significantly different among the treatments. It was observed that no varieties and lines survived at 80 DAP under 96h of waterlogging (I2). The identified waterlogging-tolerant eggplant BARI Hybrid Begun-6 will be helpful for increasing the area and production of eggplant in the summer season.
Sustainable and resilient cropping intensity is now a global focus to address the food demand and... more Sustainable and resilient cropping intensity is now a global focus to address the food demand and nutrition security of the growing population. For sustainable intensification, maintaining soil fertility is a key concern. The nutrient management for the recently developed four crop-based cropping system in Bangladesh has not yet been studied. Hence, field experiments were conducted on the nutrient management of the four crop-based cropping system [Aus (pre-monsoon rice), Aman (monsoon rice), lentil, and mungbean] in calcareous soil in Bangladesh during the years of 2016/17 and 2017/18 to determine the appropriate fertilizer management package to improve crop productivity and sustain soil fertility. The experiment had six treatments assigned in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments included T1 = control (without synthetic fertilizer), T2 = 50% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), T3 = 75% RDF, T4 = 100% RDF, T5 = 125% RDF, and T6 = farmers’ pract...
Sustainable crop production through intensification of crops in cropping system is a global impor... more Sustainable crop production through intensification of crops in cropping system is a global important issue to ensure food security, human and soil nutrition, poverty alleviation, and job opportunity creation. Rabi crop (mustard/lentil)-Jute cropping system and transplanted (T) Aman rice-Boro (T. Boro) rice cropping system are the traditional cropping systems in Low Ganges River Floodplain (AEZ-12) soils of Bangladesh. Jute and T. Aman rice are usually cultivated in summer season, but the T. Boro rice is cultivated in winter season. Jute and T. Boro rice are highly cost consuming crops due to need more irrigation, labors and fertilizer etc. T. Boro rice and jute are easily replaced by a short duration of mungbean and T. Aus rice in the existing cropping system. Hence field trial on different cropping systems were conducted in Regional pulses Research Station (RPRS), BARI, Madaripur and the adjacent farmers’ field of RPRS during 2013-14 and 2014-15 to compare and evaluate the four cr...
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Development strategies of small scale conservation farming practices on two wheeled tractor in Ba... more Development strategies of small scale conservation farming practices on two wheeled tractor in Bangladesh
The experiment was carried out under ACIAR-KGF project at farmers’ field of Tildanga village at D... more The experiment was carried out under ACIAR-KGF project at farmers’ field of Tildanga village at Dacope Upazilla under Khulna District during rabi season of 2018–19 after harvest of previous transplanted aman rice to find out the suitable variety of garlic (Allium sativum) for cultivation in southern coastal region of Bangladesh and to observe the effect of straw mulching on the yield of garlic. The experimental area faces slight to moderately drought and saline prone at later part of winter season and beginning of summer. The salinity causes unfavorable environment and hydrological situation restricting the normal crop production. Farmers generally cultivate only single transplanted aman (T.aman) rice in a year at south and south-western coastal saline areas. Garlic is one of the important spices crop in Bangladesh. The treatments of the experiment were five garlic varieties viz., V1 = BARI Roshun-1, V2 = BARI Roshun-2, V3 = BARI Roshun-3, V4 = BARI Roshun-4 which were developed by ...
Abstract Strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) is responsive to boron (B) and zinc (Zn) fertiliz... more Abstract Strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) is responsive to boron (B) and zinc (Zn) fertilizer application. Hence, an experiment was conducted in winter season of 2017-18 and 2018-19 to evaluate the effect of boron and zinc application on yield traits, yields, nutrient uptake and quality of strawberry. The experiment was planned with 16 treatment combinations involving four levels each of boron (0, 1, 2 and 3 kg ha−1) and zinc (0, 2, 3 and 4 kg ha−1) following factorial (4 × 4) randomized complete block design with three replications. As per results, application of B 2 kg ha−1 and Zn 3 kg ha−1 produced highest number of fruits (18.5) and most fruit yield (14.1 t ha−1) with higher total soluble solids (7.50°Brix) and vitamin C (72.0 mg/100 g) and greatest B uptake (0.205 kg ha−1) and Zn uptake (0.192 kg ha−1).The interaction effect of boron and zinc was dominant. The result suggests that combined application of B 2 kg ha−1 and Zn 3 kg ha−1 can increase the quantity and quality of strawberry fruit. The present findings may have potential for the area where imbalance uses of boron and zinc fertilizer in strawberry cultivation.
The cropping intensity in the coastal zone of Bangladesh is significantly lower than the country’... more The cropping intensity in the coastal zone of Bangladesh is significantly lower than the country’s average. The dominant crop grown in the saline areas is transplanted aman (T. aman) rice. The feasibility of intensified cropping patterns based more efficient water management and the production of two/three crops in a year has not been investigated in the salt-affected areas of Bangladesh. In this study, we tested five cropping patterns to understand their effects on grain yield, water use and water productivity, soil salinity and overall profitability. Field experiments were conducted in farmers’ fields at Amtali, Barguna, Bangladesh, during 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. The cropping patterns were (i) CP1: Mustard - T. aus - T. aman, (ii) CP2: Sunflower - T. aus - T. aman, (iii) CP3: Maize - T. aus - T. aman, (iv) CP4: Wheat - Mungbean - T. aman and (v) CP5: Fallow - Fallow - T. aman. Standard agronomic management practices for each crop were followed. The rice equivalent yield, producti...
The coastal zone of the Ganges delta has many constraints and threats that have hampered developm... more The coastal zone of the Ganges delta has many constraints and threats that have hampered development. However, recent research indicates that there are numerous viable options for cropping systems intensification in the coastal zone that have yet to be fully exploited. The main opportunity involves changing the cropping season to use stored water with a low solute potential in the Rabi season and to harvest crops early to avoid crop stress from waterlogging, salinity/drought, heat and or storms. Early planting of Rabi season crops requires harvest of Kharif rice 15 to 30 days earlier in both West Bengal and Bangladesh. In both countries, several earlier maturing cultivars have been identified with yield gains of 0.5 to 1 t ha-1. The early harvest of Kharif rice opens up opportunities for promising new crops for the Rabi season such as Zero tillage potatoes. Moreover, for a range of other Rabi crops (e.g. wheat) early sowing results in higher yield potential. Realising the higher yie...
In order to fully understand the relationships of power consumption of no-till planter among trac... more In order to fully understand the relationships of power consumption of no-till planter among tractor, soil properties and working parameters which affect the field operation, the power consumption model for no-till planter applied to overcome the coupling difficulties was developed in the study. Based on operation depth of no-till planter and soil properties as constraints in accordance with a certain distribution, we collected and analyzed the relationship data among traction force, forward speed and power output shaft by field test. The results showed that the relationship between traction power and power-take-off (PTO) power was negatively correlated. Under the same power consumption condition, the relationship between traction force and the PTO torque was linearly correlated, and the slope was basically consistent. Different power consumptions corresponded to different intercepts. When the forward speed was 6-7 km/h and PTO shaft rotational speed was 370-450 r/min, lower power c...
Many technological innovations have been developed in agriculture for rice cultivation. Farmers s... more Many technological innovations have been developed in agriculture for rice cultivation. Farmers still rely on intensive soil tillage, broadcasting fertilizer, excess irrigation water and labor for rice production. Rice cultivation under unpuddled condition in band-tillage (BT) is a new alternative rice cultivation system in the regions where rainfall, fresh water resources, fertilizers and labors are limited. Therefore, the concept of inter-row BT (T-shaped) with row fertilizer application in soils for unpuddled transplanted rice cultivation (T1) was carried out at Fangzheng, Harbin in the northeast of China. The improved system (T1) was compared with traditional practices (T2) in randomized complete block design with three replications. T2 was done with removal of crop residue, full tillage, broadcasting fertilizer and puddled soils by using the conventional machine. Test results showed that all parameters were satisfied and met the requirements of agronomic performances. The varia...
Maize is a widely grown cereal after rice and wheat and contributes almost 5% to the global dieta... more Maize is a widely grown cereal after rice and wheat and contributes almost 5% to the global dietary supply. In the Eastern Gangetic Plains (EGP) including India, Bangladesh, and Nepal, maize is an emerging cash crop, because of its high yield potentiality and also the favorable climatic conditions which allow maize production round the year. In Bangladesh, area and production of maize are escalating due to the increasing demand for poultry, livestock, and fish feed, and fodder for animals and starch industries in the region. Presently, more than 90% of maize is planted by manual dibbling following 5-6 intensive tillage, which increases the cost of cultivation. The conservation agricultural (CA)-based new agricultural practices could overcome those above challenges. CA is cost-effective and environmentally friendly; however, weeds are one of the key challenges in the system. The chapter described the uses of herbicides in different ways of combinations to make effective weed control in CA-based maize to achieve potential production and profits by reducing the intensive pressure of manual weeding. The efficient and right use of pre-plant/sowing, pre-and post-emergence herbicides and their combination may be the best way for effective control of weeds in maize production.
Drip-irrigation can improve uniformity in water distribution, water use efficiency, and crop prod... more Drip-irrigation can improve uniformity in water distribution, water use efficiency, and crop productivity in the saline and nonsaline regions of South Asia and in Bangladesh where the availability and quality of water resources are scare for sustainable crop production. However, the currently available drip-irrigation systems (DIS) have limitations especially in the design and field performance of emitters. A new type of emitter with low pressure (gravity) was developed, installed and evaluated using the locally produced materials in two locations (nonsaline and saline zones) of Bangladesh. The emitter discharge rate was measured for the variable operating heads of 1.5, 2, and 2.5 meter (m) with 0%, 1%, and 1.5% slopes with eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), a commonly grown vegetable in the region. The tested parameters of the emitter were manufacturer coefficient of variation (CVm), emission uniformity (EU), coefficient of uniformity (CU), and the statistical uniformity (Us) of wate...
Eggplant is an important vegetable in South Asia. In Bangladesh, it is grown around the year in a... more Eggplant is an important vegetable in South Asia. In Bangladesh, it is grown around the year in all parts of the country. However, it is highly sensitive to waterlogged conditions. In Bangladesh, during the monsoon, waterlogged conditions represent one of the hostile abiotic stresses that affect the growth and development of eggplant, leading to a drastically reduced yield. Considering this burning issue, the current study aimed to identify waterlogging-tolerant eggplant cultivars suitable for growing in the summer season. In this context, a factorial field experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design. The treatments consisted of factor A, waterlogged levels: (i) I0: no waterlogging (control; normal irrigation and drainage); (ii) I1: waterlogging for 48 h maintained by 25 mm constant standing water depth; (iii) I2: waterlog- ging for 96 h maintained by 25 mm constant standing water depth; and factor B, eggplants (including existing varieties and advance lines): V1: BARI Begun-8, V2: BARI Begun-10, V3: BARI Hybrid Begun-4, V4: BARI Hybrid Begun-5, V5: BARI Hybrid Begun-6, V6: BARI Adv. Line-SM216, V7: BARI Adv. Line-SM233, V8: BARI Adv. Line-SM253B, V9: BARI Adv. Line-SM275, and V10: BARI Adv. Line-SM286B. The results revealed that the eggplant varieties were sensitive to waterlogging levels, particularly at the flowering/fruiting stage (46 days after planting, DAP). Among the varieties, V5 (BARI Hybrid Begun-6) performed better than the other varieties and lines. The variety V5 had significantly lower damage (20%) and greater survival (80%) ability under 48h of waterlogging (I1) at 65 DAP and 80 DAP, while the others were observed to have significantly greater damage and lower survival ability. The variety V5 also showed significantly greater root biomass under 48h (I1) and 96h (I2) of waterlogging at 70 DAP, while the other varieties and lines showed significantly lower root biomass. The effect of waterlogging on SPAD value and root biomass was significantly different among the treatments. It was observed that no varieties and lines survived at 80 DAP under 96h of waterlogging (I2). The identified waterlogging-tolerant eggplant BARI Hybrid Begun-6 will be helpful for increasing the area and production of eggplant in the summer season.
Sustainable and resilient cropping intensity is now a global focus to address the food demand and... more Sustainable and resilient cropping intensity is now a global focus to address the food demand and nutrition security of the growing population. For sustainable intensification, maintaining soil fertility is a key concern. The nutrient management for the recently developed four crop-based cropping system in Bangladesh has not yet been studied. Hence, field experiments were conducted on the nutrient management of the four crop-based cropping system [Aus (pre-monsoon rice), Aman (monsoon rice), lentil, and mungbean] in calcareous soil in Bangladesh during the years of 2016/17 and 2017/18 to determine the appropriate fertilizer management package to improve crop productivity and sustain soil fertility. The experiment had six treatments assigned in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments included T1 = control (without synthetic fertilizer), T2 = 50% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), T3 = 75% RDF, T4 = 100% RDF, T5 = 125% RDF, and T6 = farmers’ pract...
Sustainable crop production through intensification of crops in cropping system is a global impor... more Sustainable crop production through intensification of crops in cropping system is a global important issue to ensure food security, human and soil nutrition, poverty alleviation, and job opportunity creation. Rabi crop (mustard/lentil)-Jute cropping system and transplanted (T) Aman rice-Boro (T. Boro) rice cropping system are the traditional cropping systems in Low Ganges River Floodplain (AEZ-12) soils of Bangladesh. Jute and T. Aman rice are usually cultivated in summer season, but the T. Boro rice is cultivated in winter season. Jute and T. Boro rice are highly cost consuming crops due to need more irrigation, labors and fertilizer etc. T. Boro rice and jute are easily replaced by a short duration of mungbean and T. Aus rice in the existing cropping system. Hence field trial on different cropping systems were conducted in Regional pulses Research Station (RPRS), BARI, Madaripur and the adjacent farmers’ field of RPRS during 2013-14 and 2014-15 to compare and evaluate the four cr...
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Development strategies of small scale conservation farming practices on two wheeled tractor in Ba... more Development strategies of small scale conservation farming practices on two wheeled tractor in Bangladesh
The experiment was carried out under ACIAR-KGF project at farmers’ field of Tildanga village at D... more The experiment was carried out under ACIAR-KGF project at farmers’ field of Tildanga village at Dacope Upazilla under Khulna District during rabi season of 2018–19 after harvest of previous transplanted aman rice to find out the suitable variety of garlic (Allium sativum) for cultivation in southern coastal region of Bangladesh and to observe the effect of straw mulching on the yield of garlic. The experimental area faces slight to moderately drought and saline prone at later part of winter season and beginning of summer. The salinity causes unfavorable environment and hydrological situation restricting the normal crop production. Farmers generally cultivate only single transplanted aman (T.aman) rice in a year at south and south-western coastal saline areas. Garlic is one of the important spices crop in Bangladesh. The treatments of the experiment were five garlic varieties viz., V1 = BARI Roshun-1, V2 = BARI Roshun-2, V3 = BARI Roshun-3, V4 = BARI Roshun-4 which were developed by ...
Abstract Strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) is responsive to boron (B) and zinc (Zn) fertiliz... more Abstract Strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) is responsive to boron (B) and zinc (Zn) fertilizer application. Hence, an experiment was conducted in winter season of 2017-18 and 2018-19 to evaluate the effect of boron and zinc application on yield traits, yields, nutrient uptake and quality of strawberry. The experiment was planned with 16 treatment combinations involving four levels each of boron (0, 1, 2 and 3 kg ha−1) and zinc (0, 2, 3 and 4 kg ha−1) following factorial (4 × 4) randomized complete block design with three replications. As per results, application of B 2 kg ha−1 and Zn 3 kg ha−1 produced highest number of fruits (18.5) and most fruit yield (14.1 t ha−1) with higher total soluble solids (7.50°Brix) and vitamin C (72.0 mg/100 g) and greatest B uptake (0.205 kg ha−1) and Zn uptake (0.192 kg ha−1).The interaction effect of boron and zinc was dominant. The result suggests that combined application of B 2 kg ha−1 and Zn 3 kg ha−1 can increase the quantity and quality of strawberry fruit. The present findings may have potential for the area where imbalance uses of boron and zinc fertilizer in strawberry cultivation.
The cropping intensity in the coastal zone of Bangladesh is significantly lower than the country’... more The cropping intensity in the coastal zone of Bangladesh is significantly lower than the country’s average. The dominant crop grown in the saline areas is transplanted aman (T. aman) rice. The feasibility of intensified cropping patterns based more efficient water management and the production of two/three crops in a year has not been investigated in the salt-affected areas of Bangladesh. In this study, we tested five cropping patterns to understand their effects on grain yield, water use and water productivity, soil salinity and overall profitability. Field experiments were conducted in farmers’ fields at Amtali, Barguna, Bangladesh, during 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. The cropping patterns were (i) CP1: Mustard - T. aus - T. aman, (ii) CP2: Sunflower - T. aus - T. aman, (iii) CP3: Maize - T. aus - T. aman, (iv) CP4: Wheat - Mungbean - T. aman and (v) CP5: Fallow - Fallow - T. aman. Standard agronomic management practices for each crop were followed. The rice equivalent yield, producti...
The coastal zone of the Ganges delta has many constraints and threats that have hampered developm... more The coastal zone of the Ganges delta has many constraints and threats that have hampered development. However, recent research indicates that there are numerous viable options for cropping systems intensification in the coastal zone that have yet to be fully exploited. The main opportunity involves changing the cropping season to use stored water with a low solute potential in the Rabi season and to harvest crops early to avoid crop stress from waterlogging, salinity/drought, heat and or storms. Early planting of Rabi season crops requires harvest of Kharif rice 15 to 30 days earlier in both West Bengal and Bangladesh. In both countries, several earlier maturing cultivars have been identified with yield gains of 0.5 to 1 t ha-1. The early harvest of Kharif rice opens up opportunities for promising new crops for the Rabi season such as Zero tillage potatoes. Moreover, for a range of other Rabi crops (e.g. wheat) early sowing results in higher yield potential. Realising the higher yie...
In order to fully understand the relationships of power consumption of no-till planter among trac... more In order to fully understand the relationships of power consumption of no-till planter among tractor, soil properties and working parameters which affect the field operation, the power consumption model for no-till planter applied to overcome the coupling difficulties was developed in the study. Based on operation depth of no-till planter and soil properties as constraints in accordance with a certain distribution, we collected and analyzed the relationship data among traction force, forward speed and power output shaft by field test. The results showed that the relationship between traction power and power-take-off (PTO) power was negatively correlated. Under the same power consumption condition, the relationship between traction force and the PTO torque was linearly correlated, and the slope was basically consistent. Different power consumptions corresponded to different intercepts. When the forward speed was 6-7 km/h and PTO shaft rotational speed was 370-450 r/min, lower power c...
Many technological innovations have been developed in agriculture for rice cultivation. Farmers s... more Many technological innovations have been developed in agriculture for rice cultivation. Farmers still rely on intensive soil tillage, broadcasting fertilizer, excess irrigation water and labor for rice production. Rice cultivation under unpuddled condition in band-tillage (BT) is a new alternative rice cultivation system in the regions where rainfall, fresh water resources, fertilizers and labors are limited. Therefore, the concept of inter-row BT (T-shaped) with row fertilizer application in soils for unpuddled transplanted rice cultivation (T1) was carried out at Fangzheng, Harbin in the northeast of China. The improved system (T1) was compared with traditional practices (T2) in randomized complete block design with three replications. T2 was done with removal of crop residue, full tillage, broadcasting fertilizer and puddled soils by using the conventional machine. Test results showed that all parameters were satisfied and met the requirements of agronomic performances. The varia...
Uploads
Papers by Khokan Sarker