Environmental science and pollution research international, Jan 4, 2017
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is the leading non-conventional oilseed crop in Pakistan. Nitrog... more Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is the leading non-conventional oilseed crop in Pakistan. Nitrogen fertilizer can affect plant growth and productivity by changing canopy size which has an effect on the radiation use efficiency (RUE) of the crop. The response of sunflower hybrids in terms of phenology, fraction of intercepted radiation (F i), and RUE to nitrogenous rates (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg ha(-1)) was studied in three field experiments conducted in three various environments: Multan (arid), Faisalabad (semi-arid), and Gujranwala (sub-humid) during spring seasons 2008 and 2009. The treatments were laid out according to a randomized complete block design with split plot arrangements, keeping the sunflower hybrids in main plots and nitrogen rates in sub-plots, and replicated three times. The results showed Hysun-38 took a maximum number of days to anthesis (101) as compared to Pioneer-64A93 (100) and Hysun-33 (99). The mean values of F i were 0.850, 0.903, and 0.978, and the ...
Different furrow openers are required to be evaluated for their suitability to manage rice straw ... more Different furrow openers are required to be evaluated for their suitability to manage rice straw for direct planting of wheat in paddy fields. This study was carried out to assess the straw-cutting ability and draft requirements of four different disc-type furrow openers (notched, toothed, smooth-edge single disc, and double disc) in no-till paddy fields. The openers were attached to an in-field traction rig equipped with S-type load cells, and tested using three operating depths of 30, 60, and 90 mm, and three traveling speeds of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 m s −1 . Vertical and horizontal forces acting on the openers were observed using LabVIEW software based data acquisition system. The results of this study indicated that the furrow opener type, operating depth, and speed significantly influenced the horizontal and vertical forces, as well as straw-cutting ability of the furrow openers. The highest draft and vertical force were noted for double disc-type furrow openers. The mean straw-cutting efficiency of notched, toothed, and smooth-edge single disc and double disc furrow openers were 12.4, 46.2, 11.4, and 78.5%, respectively. The double disc furrow opener (DD) produced the lowest level of hair-pinned straw and had the highest straw-cutting efficiency with a value of 88.6% at 90 mm operating depth, and therefore had the best performance in comparison with other furrow openers. Sustainability 2017, 9, 1143 2 of 15
Wheat productivity and profitability is low under conventional tillage systems as they increase t... more Wheat productivity and profitability is low under conventional tillage systems as they increase the production cost, soil compaction, and the weed infestation. Conservation tillage could be a pragmatic option to sustain the wheat productivity and enhance the profitability on long term basis. This study was aimed to evaluate the economics of different wheat-based cropping systems viz. fallow-wheat, rice-wheat, cotton-wheat, mung bean-wheat, and sorghum-wheat, with zero tillage, conventional tillage, deep tillage, bed sowing (60/30 cm beds and four rows), and bed sowing (90/45 cm beds and six rows). Results indicated that the bed sown wheat had the maximum production cost than other tillage systems. Although both bed sowing treatments incurred the highest production cost, they generated the highest net benefits and benefit: cost ratio (BCR). Rice-wheat cropping system with bed sown wheat (90/45 cm beds with six rows) had the highest net income (4129.7 US$ ha(-1)), BCR (2.87), and marginal rate of return compared with rest of the cropping systems. In contrast, fallow-wheat cropping system incurred the lowest input cost, but had the least economic return. In crux, rice-wheat cropping system with bed sown wheat (90/45 cm beds with six rows) was the best option for getting the higher economic returns. Moreover, double cropping systems within a year are more profitable than sole planting of wheat under all tillage practices.
Environmental science and pollution research international, 2017
Growing rice with less water is direly needed due to declining water sources worldwide, but using... more Growing rice with less water is direly needed due to declining water sources worldwide, but using methods that require less water inputs can have an impact on grain characteristics and recovery. A 2-year field study was conducted to evaluate the impact of conventionally sown flooded rice and low-water-input rice systems on the grain characteristics and recovery of fine rice. Three fine grain rice cultivars-Super Basmati, Basmati 2000, and Shaheen Basmati-were grown under conventional flooded transplanted rice (CFTR), alternate wetting and drying (AWD), and aerobic rice systems. Grain characteristics and rice recovery were significantly influenced by different water regimes (production systems). Poor milling, including the lowest percentage of brown (head) rice (65.3%) and polished (white) rice (64.2-66.9%) and the highest percentage of broken brown rice (10.2%), husk (24.5%-26.3%), polished broken rice (24.7%), and bran (11.0-12.5%), were recorded in the aerobic rice system sown wit...
Environmental science and pollution research international, Jan 9, 2017
This 2-year field study investigates the potential of seed priming to mitigate losses caused by d... more This 2-year field study investigates the potential of seed priming to mitigate losses caused by drought stress at different phenophases of wheat. Wheat seeds were soaked either in distilled water or in aerated solution of CaCl2 (ψs -1.25 MPa) for 18 h to accomplish hydropriming and osmopriming, respectively. The soil moisture was maintained at 90-100% field capacity (well-watered) or 45-50% field capacity at vegetative (vegetative drought) and reproductive (terminal drought) phases. Allometric traits leaf area index, leaf area duration, and crop growth rate were initially more affected by vegetative drought; however, terminal drought was more severe at later stages. Drought at both phenophases, especially terminal drought, impaired the entire yield-related traits of wheat; however, osmopriming compensated the drought-induced losses up to a certain extent. Osmopriming improved the wheat grain yield, economic benefits, and allometric traits under vegetative and terminal drought as wel...
Environmental science and pollution research international, Jan 4, 2017
Crop nutrient management is an essential component of any cropping system. With increasing concer... more Crop nutrient management is an essential component of any cropping system. With increasing concerns over environmental protection, improvement in fertilizer use efficiencies has become a prime goal in global agriculture system. Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important nutrients, and strategies are required to optimize its use in important arable crops like cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) that has great significance. Sustainable P use in crop production could significantly avoid environmental hazards resulting from over-P fertilization. Crop growth modeling has emerged as an effective tool to assess and predict the optimal nutrient requirements for different crops. In present study, Decision Support System for Agro-technology Transfer (DSSAT) sub-model CSM-CROPGRO-Cotton-P was evaluated to estimate the observed and simulated P use in two cotton cultivars grown at three P application rates under the semi-arid climate of southern Punjab, Pakistan. The results revealed that both the c...
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2016
Weed management is one of the prime concerns for sustainable crop production. Conyza bonariensis ... more Weed management is one of the prime concerns for sustainable crop production. Conyza bonariensis and Conyza canadensis are two of the most problematic, noxious, invasive and widespread weeds in modern-day agriculture. The biology, ecology and interference of C. bonariensis and C. canadensis have been reviewed here to highlight pragmatic management options. Both these species share a unique set of biological features, which enables them to invade and adapt a wide range of environmental conditions. Distinct reproductive biology and an efficient seed dispersal mechanism help these species to spread rapidly. Ability to interfere strongly and to host crop pests makes these two species worst weeds of cropping systems. These weed species cause 28-68 % yield loss in important field crops such as soybean and cotton every year. These weeds are more prevalent in no-till systems and, thus, becoming a major issue in conservation agriculture. Cultural practices such as crop rotations, seed rate manipulation, mulching, inter-row tillage and narrow row spacing may provide an effective control of these species. However, such methods are not feasible and applicable under all types of conditions. Different herbicides also provide a varying degree of control depending on crop, agronomic practices, herbicide dose, application time and season. However, both these species have evolved resistance against multiple herbicides, including glyphosate and paraquat. The use of alternative herbicides and integrated management strategies may provide better control of herbicide-resistant C. bonariensis and C. canadensis. Management plans based on the eco-biological interactions of these species may prove sustainable in the future.
ABSTRACT We evaluated the polyamines (spermine, putrescine and spermidine) and water (hydroprimin... more ABSTRACT We evaluated the polyamines (spermine, putrescine and spermidine) and water (hydropriming; control) priming for enhancing germination and early seedling growth in hybrid sunflower. Sunflower achenes were primed with 10, 20 and 30 ppm solutions of spermine, putrescine and spermidine while controlled achenes were soaked in distilled water. After 24 hours of soaking achenes were air dried for 24 hours. Half the portion of achenes was repeated with the priming applications. Minimum time to start germination was recorded for spermidine 20 ppm followed by hydro priming. The germination energy was maximum for spermidine 20 ppm and 30 ppm while germination index was maximum for spermine 20 ppm. Germination index was maximum for spermine 20 ppm. The final germination percentage was statistically ineffective by polyamines, however, time for 50% germination was decreased by polyamines in both fresh seeds and dry seeds. Mean germination time was decreased by polyamines (spermidine 20ppm). Root length responded maximum to seed priming than all other parameters. It was increased by polyamines (spermine 20ppm). Shoot length was increased by priming with polyamines only in dry seeds but salicylic acid treatment of fresh seed resulted into lengthy shoots. The seed priming with polyamines did not significantly affected both fresh and dry weights of the seedlings. As concern of response of fresh primed seeds and re-dried primed seeds, it was founded that fresh seeds performed better in polyamines. However, individual comparison of the treatments spermidine 20 ppm was the best treatment than all other treatments in polyamines. This study concluded that seed priming by polyamines did not improve the germination characteristics, except the root length of sunflower hybrid Hysun 33 so there is no need of priming in sunflower hybrid. INTRODUCTION Oils are the pertinent constituents of the food. Pakistan is facing a severe shortage of the edible oil. Pakistan spends huge foreign exchange amounting to Rs. 39.55 billion which ranks Pakistan the third largest edible oilseed importer in the world. Further the need for the edible oil in the country is steadily increasing as a result of increasing population. For instance, the requirement for edible oil in country has increased by two folds (0.3 to 2.0 m t) during the last two decade. Sunflower is a source of edible oil and third most important oilseed crop in the country grown on area of 0.95 m ha with total production of 3.5 m t and yield 3.67 t ha
... Allelopathic root exudates from rice cultivars were involved in inhibiting the nitrogen loss ... more ... Allelopathic root exudates from rice cultivars were involved in inhibiting the nitrogen loss from 354 K. Jabran and M. Farooq Page 7. ... The sorghum residues were also effective in suppressing the weeds and increasing grain yield of lentil (Hozayn et al. 2011). ...
This study was conducted to determine the influence of irrigation levels on spring planted sunflo... more This study was conducted to determine the influence of irrigation levels on spring planted sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) sown with different planting methods. Sunflower was sown either on 60 cm apart single rows on flat seed-bed or on ridges. Three irrigation treatments were I 0 (irrigation at early vegetative stage, at bud visible stage, at anthesis and at achene development stage), I 1 (irrigation at early vegetative stage, at bud visible stage and at achene development stage) and I 2 (irrigation at early vegetative stage, at bud visible stage and at anthesis stage). In I 1 , irrigation was missing at anthesis and in I 2 irrigation was missing at achene development stage. Sunflower yield and yield components showed positive response to ridge sown sunflower with normal four irrigations. Maximum achene yield 3.33 t ha -1 was recorded in ridge sown sunflower with four irrigations. Oil content percentage was highest in case of I 0 (42.25%) while the effect of planting methods on oil content was insignificant.
Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Jul 13, 2012
This study was conducted to study the developmental and phenological responses of different wheat... more This study was conducted to study the developmental and phenological responses of different wheat cultivars planted at varying sowing dates. Five wheat cultivars viz. Sahar-2006 (SH-06), Faisalabad-2008, Lassani-2008 (LS-08), Abdul Staar-2002 (AS-02) and Triple Dwarf-1 (TD-1) were sown on 25 th Oct, 10 and 25 th Nov, and 10 th and 25 th Dec. Minimum days to emergence and tillering were recorded in early planted wheat. In comparison late planted wheat took less time to switch into other phenophases like jointing, booting and grain formation stages due to high temperature during lateral growth stages of late planted wheat. Likely, early planted wheat accumulated less growing degree days (GDD) and photo thermal units (PTU) for emergence but accumulated more GDD and PTU to switch into next phenophases from tillering to grain development. Nonetheless late planted wheat required more helio-thermal units (HTU) only during grain formation stage. However, total growth period of wheat was substantially decreased from 166 days in early planted (25 th Oct) to 110 days in late planted (25 th Dec) being a photosensitive in nature. Tested wheat cultivars behaved differently and LS-08 and AS-02 had higher grain yield and heat use efficiency (HUE) due to higher tillering capacity and longer growth period, whereas performance of short duration cultivar (TD-1) was poor. In conclusion, wheat cultivars LS-08 and AS-02 planted on 10 th Nov produced more grain yield and had higher HUE.
... K. JABRAN 1, ZA CHEEMA, M. FAROOQ AND M. HUSSAIN Department of Agronomy, University of Agricu... more ... K. JABRAN 1, ZA CHEEMA, M. FAROOQ AND M. HUSSAIN Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad ... Ashiq and Cheema (2005) listed the hazardous weeds as Trianthema portulacastrum, Cyperus rotundus, Cyndon dactylon, Chenopodium album, C ...
Environmental science and pollution research international, Jan 4, 2017
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is the leading non-conventional oilseed crop in Pakistan. Nitrog... more Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is the leading non-conventional oilseed crop in Pakistan. Nitrogen fertilizer can affect plant growth and productivity by changing canopy size which has an effect on the radiation use efficiency (RUE) of the crop. The response of sunflower hybrids in terms of phenology, fraction of intercepted radiation (F i), and RUE to nitrogenous rates (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg ha(-1)) was studied in three field experiments conducted in three various environments: Multan (arid), Faisalabad (semi-arid), and Gujranwala (sub-humid) during spring seasons 2008 and 2009. The treatments were laid out according to a randomized complete block design with split plot arrangements, keeping the sunflower hybrids in main plots and nitrogen rates in sub-plots, and replicated three times. The results showed Hysun-38 took a maximum number of days to anthesis (101) as compared to Pioneer-64A93 (100) and Hysun-33 (99). The mean values of F i were 0.850, 0.903, and 0.978, and the ...
Different furrow openers are required to be evaluated for their suitability to manage rice straw ... more Different furrow openers are required to be evaluated for their suitability to manage rice straw for direct planting of wheat in paddy fields. This study was carried out to assess the straw-cutting ability and draft requirements of four different disc-type furrow openers (notched, toothed, smooth-edge single disc, and double disc) in no-till paddy fields. The openers were attached to an in-field traction rig equipped with S-type load cells, and tested using three operating depths of 30, 60, and 90 mm, and three traveling speeds of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 m s −1 . Vertical and horizontal forces acting on the openers were observed using LabVIEW software based data acquisition system. The results of this study indicated that the furrow opener type, operating depth, and speed significantly influenced the horizontal and vertical forces, as well as straw-cutting ability of the furrow openers. The highest draft and vertical force were noted for double disc-type furrow openers. The mean straw-cutting efficiency of notched, toothed, and smooth-edge single disc and double disc furrow openers were 12.4, 46.2, 11.4, and 78.5%, respectively. The double disc furrow opener (DD) produced the lowest level of hair-pinned straw and had the highest straw-cutting efficiency with a value of 88.6% at 90 mm operating depth, and therefore had the best performance in comparison with other furrow openers. Sustainability 2017, 9, 1143 2 of 15
Wheat productivity and profitability is low under conventional tillage systems as they increase t... more Wheat productivity and profitability is low under conventional tillage systems as they increase the production cost, soil compaction, and the weed infestation. Conservation tillage could be a pragmatic option to sustain the wheat productivity and enhance the profitability on long term basis. This study was aimed to evaluate the economics of different wheat-based cropping systems viz. fallow-wheat, rice-wheat, cotton-wheat, mung bean-wheat, and sorghum-wheat, with zero tillage, conventional tillage, deep tillage, bed sowing (60/30 cm beds and four rows), and bed sowing (90/45 cm beds and six rows). Results indicated that the bed sown wheat had the maximum production cost than other tillage systems. Although both bed sowing treatments incurred the highest production cost, they generated the highest net benefits and benefit: cost ratio (BCR). Rice-wheat cropping system with bed sown wheat (90/45 cm beds with six rows) had the highest net income (4129.7 US$ ha(-1)), BCR (2.87), and marginal rate of return compared with rest of the cropping systems. In contrast, fallow-wheat cropping system incurred the lowest input cost, but had the least economic return. In crux, rice-wheat cropping system with bed sown wheat (90/45 cm beds with six rows) was the best option for getting the higher economic returns. Moreover, double cropping systems within a year are more profitable than sole planting of wheat under all tillage practices.
Environmental science and pollution research international, 2017
Growing rice with less water is direly needed due to declining water sources worldwide, but using... more Growing rice with less water is direly needed due to declining water sources worldwide, but using methods that require less water inputs can have an impact on grain characteristics and recovery. A 2-year field study was conducted to evaluate the impact of conventionally sown flooded rice and low-water-input rice systems on the grain characteristics and recovery of fine rice. Three fine grain rice cultivars-Super Basmati, Basmati 2000, and Shaheen Basmati-were grown under conventional flooded transplanted rice (CFTR), alternate wetting and drying (AWD), and aerobic rice systems. Grain characteristics and rice recovery were significantly influenced by different water regimes (production systems). Poor milling, including the lowest percentage of brown (head) rice (65.3%) and polished (white) rice (64.2-66.9%) and the highest percentage of broken brown rice (10.2%), husk (24.5%-26.3%), polished broken rice (24.7%), and bran (11.0-12.5%), were recorded in the aerobic rice system sown wit...
Environmental science and pollution research international, Jan 9, 2017
This 2-year field study investigates the potential of seed priming to mitigate losses caused by d... more This 2-year field study investigates the potential of seed priming to mitigate losses caused by drought stress at different phenophases of wheat. Wheat seeds were soaked either in distilled water or in aerated solution of CaCl2 (ψs -1.25 MPa) for 18 h to accomplish hydropriming and osmopriming, respectively. The soil moisture was maintained at 90-100% field capacity (well-watered) or 45-50% field capacity at vegetative (vegetative drought) and reproductive (terminal drought) phases. Allometric traits leaf area index, leaf area duration, and crop growth rate were initially more affected by vegetative drought; however, terminal drought was more severe at later stages. Drought at both phenophases, especially terminal drought, impaired the entire yield-related traits of wheat; however, osmopriming compensated the drought-induced losses up to a certain extent. Osmopriming improved the wheat grain yield, economic benefits, and allometric traits under vegetative and terminal drought as wel...
Environmental science and pollution research international, Jan 4, 2017
Crop nutrient management is an essential component of any cropping system. With increasing concer... more Crop nutrient management is an essential component of any cropping system. With increasing concerns over environmental protection, improvement in fertilizer use efficiencies has become a prime goal in global agriculture system. Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important nutrients, and strategies are required to optimize its use in important arable crops like cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) that has great significance. Sustainable P use in crop production could significantly avoid environmental hazards resulting from over-P fertilization. Crop growth modeling has emerged as an effective tool to assess and predict the optimal nutrient requirements for different crops. In present study, Decision Support System for Agro-technology Transfer (DSSAT) sub-model CSM-CROPGRO-Cotton-P was evaluated to estimate the observed and simulated P use in two cotton cultivars grown at three P application rates under the semi-arid climate of southern Punjab, Pakistan. The results revealed that both the c...
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2016
Weed management is one of the prime concerns for sustainable crop production. Conyza bonariensis ... more Weed management is one of the prime concerns for sustainable crop production. Conyza bonariensis and Conyza canadensis are two of the most problematic, noxious, invasive and widespread weeds in modern-day agriculture. The biology, ecology and interference of C. bonariensis and C. canadensis have been reviewed here to highlight pragmatic management options. Both these species share a unique set of biological features, which enables them to invade and adapt a wide range of environmental conditions. Distinct reproductive biology and an efficient seed dispersal mechanism help these species to spread rapidly. Ability to interfere strongly and to host crop pests makes these two species worst weeds of cropping systems. These weed species cause 28-68 % yield loss in important field crops such as soybean and cotton every year. These weeds are more prevalent in no-till systems and, thus, becoming a major issue in conservation agriculture. Cultural practices such as crop rotations, seed rate manipulation, mulching, inter-row tillage and narrow row spacing may provide an effective control of these species. However, such methods are not feasible and applicable under all types of conditions. Different herbicides also provide a varying degree of control depending on crop, agronomic practices, herbicide dose, application time and season. However, both these species have evolved resistance against multiple herbicides, including glyphosate and paraquat. The use of alternative herbicides and integrated management strategies may provide better control of herbicide-resistant C. bonariensis and C. canadensis. Management plans based on the eco-biological interactions of these species may prove sustainable in the future.
ABSTRACT We evaluated the polyamines (spermine, putrescine and spermidine) and water (hydroprimin... more ABSTRACT We evaluated the polyamines (spermine, putrescine and spermidine) and water (hydropriming; control) priming for enhancing germination and early seedling growth in hybrid sunflower. Sunflower achenes were primed with 10, 20 and 30 ppm solutions of spermine, putrescine and spermidine while controlled achenes were soaked in distilled water. After 24 hours of soaking achenes were air dried for 24 hours. Half the portion of achenes was repeated with the priming applications. Minimum time to start germination was recorded for spermidine 20 ppm followed by hydro priming. The germination energy was maximum for spermidine 20 ppm and 30 ppm while germination index was maximum for spermine 20 ppm. Germination index was maximum for spermine 20 ppm. The final germination percentage was statistically ineffective by polyamines, however, time for 50% germination was decreased by polyamines in both fresh seeds and dry seeds. Mean germination time was decreased by polyamines (spermidine 20ppm). Root length responded maximum to seed priming than all other parameters. It was increased by polyamines (spermine 20ppm). Shoot length was increased by priming with polyamines only in dry seeds but salicylic acid treatment of fresh seed resulted into lengthy shoots. The seed priming with polyamines did not significantly affected both fresh and dry weights of the seedlings. As concern of response of fresh primed seeds and re-dried primed seeds, it was founded that fresh seeds performed better in polyamines. However, individual comparison of the treatments spermidine 20 ppm was the best treatment than all other treatments in polyamines. This study concluded that seed priming by polyamines did not improve the germination characteristics, except the root length of sunflower hybrid Hysun 33 so there is no need of priming in sunflower hybrid. INTRODUCTION Oils are the pertinent constituents of the food. Pakistan is facing a severe shortage of the edible oil. Pakistan spends huge foreign exchange amounting to Rs. 39.55 billion which ranks Pakistan the third largest edible oilseed importer in the world. Further the need for the edible oil in the country is steadily increasing as a result of increasing population. For instance, the requirement for edible oil in country has increased by two folds (0.3 to 2.0 m t) during the last two decade. Sunflower is a source of edible oil and third most important oilseed crop in the country grown on area of 0.95 m ha with total production of 3.5 m t and yield 3.67 t ha
... Allelopathic root exudates from rice cultivars were involved in inhibiting the nitrogen loss ... more ... Allelopathic root exudates from rice cultivars were involved in inhibiting the nitrogen loss from 354 K. Jabran and M. Farooq Page 7. ... The sorghum residues were also effective in suppressing the weeds and increasing grain yield of lentil (Hozayn et al. 2011). ...
This study was conducted to determine the influence of irrigation levels on spring planted sunflo... more This study was conducted to determine the influence of irrigation levels on spring planted sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) sown with different planting methods. Sunflower was sown either on 60 cm apart single rows on flat seed-bed or on ridges. Three irrigation treatments were I 0 (irrigation at early vegetative stage, at bud visible stage, at anthesis and at achene development stage), I 1 (irrigation at early vegetative stage, at bud visible stage and at achene development stage) and I 2 (irrigation at early vegetative stage, at bud visible stage and at anthesis stage). In I 1 , irrigation was missing at anthesis and in I 2 irrigation was missing at achene development stage. Sunflower yield and yield components showed positive response to ridge sown sunflower with normal four irrigations. Maximum achene yield 3.33 t ha -1 was recorded in ridge sown sunflower with four irrigations. Oil content percentage was highest in case of I 0 (42.25%) while the effect of planting methods on oil content was insignificant.
Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Jul 13, 2012
This study was conducted to study the developmental and phenological responses of different wheat... more This study was conducted to study the developmental and phenological responses of different wheat cultivars planted at varying sowing dates. Five wheat cultivars viz. Sahar-2006 (SH-06), Faisalabad-2008, Lassani-2008 (LS-08), Abdul Staar-2002 (AS-02) and Triple Dwarf-1 (TD-1) were sown on 25 th Oct, 10 and 25 th Nov, and 10 th and 25 th Dec. Minimum days to emergence and tillering were recorded in early planted wheat. In comparison late planted wheat took less time to switch into other phenophases like jointing, booting and grain formation stages due to high temperature during lateral growth stages of late planted wheat. Likely, early planted wheat accumulated less growing degree days (GDD) and photo thermal units (PTU) for emergence but accumulated more GDD and PTU to switch into next phenophases from tillering to grain development. Nonetheless late planted wheat required more helio-thermal units (HTU) only during grain formation stage. However, total growth period of wheat was substantially decreased from 166 days in early planted (25 th Oct) to 110 days in late planted (25 th Dec) being a photosensitive in nature. Tested wheat cultivars behaved differently and LS-08 and AS-02 had higher grain yield and heat use efficiency (HUE) due to higher tillering capacity and longer growth period, whereas performance of short duration cultivar (TD-1) was poor. In conclusion, wheat cultivars LS-08 and AS-02 planted on 10 th Nov produced more grain yield and had higher HUE.
... K. JABRAN 1, ZA CHEEMA, M. FAROOQ AND M. HUSSAIN Department of Agronomy, University of Agricu... more ... K. JABRAN 1, ZA CHEEMA, M. FAROOQ AND M. HUSSAIN Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad ... Ashiq and Cheema (2005) listed the hazardous weeds as Trianthema portulacastrum, Cyperus rotundus, Cyndon dactylon, Chenopodium album, C ...
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