The primary purpose of this study is to reveal the feeding preferences of Odontotermes obesus ter... more The primary purpose of this study is to reveal the feeding preferences of Odontotermes obesus termites on different commercial timbers along with the evaluation of different timbers and their resistance and nonresistance behavior under lab and field conditions at 100 0C. There were six wood species which were evaluated regarding attack and damage which include Abies pindrow (partal), Cedrus deodara (diar), Acacia arabica (keekar), Dalbergia sisso (tali), Mangifera indica (mango), Pinus roxburghii (palwadar). Two weeks' laboratory and 3 months of field trials were performed with suitable conditions. The samples of every six wood species were prepared and exposed to different species of termites by burying them in the active nests of termites. This practical was performed at Wagah border 30 km away from Lahore. After this time, the factors which were to be noted were wood mass loss and visual appearance of each sample. This also includes a choice and no choice feeding test. This trial is made to evaluate the nonresistance of wood to termite attack. After Trials have been made, it has been noted that the most palatable wood is A. pindrow and the nonresistant wood is C. deodara.
The economic importance of locusts is well recognized throughout the world owing to their swarmin... more The economic importance of locusts is well recognized throughout the world owing to their swarming behavior. The damage caused by hoppers on a small scale is mostly limited to local vegetation, primarily crops. Crop damage is overlooked, but it is tenacious in nature, and the effects they leave on planned systems, such as crop fields, are much more serious. Therefore, many taxa (genera or species) of the family Acrididae are considered as potential pests of farms, forests and even pastures. In general, the distribution of locusts decreases with increasing latitudes, i.e., Their occurrence increases towards the equator. When ecological conditions favour more plant growth and trigger more breeding, locusts can manage to aggregate in a huge voracious swarm and inflict damage to crops. When outbreaks of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria L. arose in the southeastern part of Pakistan in the Sind, Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar, Minchinabad and Chistian adjoining districts bordering the eastern sides of India. As a result, further damage to crops and migration to other areas were prevented. Morphometric measurements indicated that the migrants had reached the body dimensions typical for gregarious forms. Drum and empty tin beating and pesticide application are both effective in managing locusts under field conditions. Swarms of adults landed on the grazing and farming lands of the country, specifically from Sind (Thar) to Chistian, Bahawalpur, Rahim yar khan, Minchinabad, Lodhran and adjacent districts in the region in November 2019, and caused substantial damage to agricultural crops and pastures. In the fall of 2019, numerous locusts suddenly swarmed in the affected areas, and thus, control was essential. The organochlorines are highly persistent and include dieldrin and HCH. These insecticides were the most favoured for locust control because of their efficacy, cost and persistence. Sprayed from land or aerial vehicles, whole swarms can be targeted in relatively short periods of time. Traditionally, the use of empty tin/drum was beaten to produce a loud sound that drove the locust away. The practices are cost effective and environmentally friendly.
Subterranean termites destroy wooden structures and feed on cellulose-based products throughout t... more Subterranean termites destroy wooden structures and feed on cellulose-based products throughout the world, incurring significant economic damage. The investigation is being conducted to determine the effectiveness of medicinal plant Mentha spicata (Mint) extracts against subterranean termites under laboratory and field conditions in order to monitor termite activity. In laboratory bioassays, the anti-termitic and repellent effects of Mentha spicata (Mint) extracts were studied at various concentrations, i.e., 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%. After performing a repellency test, it was noted that the medicinal plant M. spicata extract is repellant at higher dosages and non-repellant at lower dosages. The same thing happens in anti-termite tests: the mortality rate is low at lower doses and high at higher doses. Four different types of wood species named A. pindrow, C. deodara, A. arabica and P. euramericana were treated with M. spicata extract and buried in the active nest of termites for three months under suitable conditions. The field trial was held at the Wagha border, 30 kilometers from Lahore. In field trials, choice and no-choice bioassays were performed. After trials, it has been noted that P. euramericana is the maximum wood consumed and C. deodara is the minimum wood consumed in nochoice field trials. In field trials, termites feed on P. euramericana, a more appealing wood, and A. arabica, a less appealing wood. So the result is that M. spicata extract is a non-repellent medicinal plant.
International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 2012
... Proc. 8th Int. Congr. IUSSI Wageninge, pp. 238–242 Mehmood, A., SMH Andrabi, M. Anwar and M. ... more ... Proc. 8th Int. Congr. IUSSI Wageninge, pp. 238–242 Mehmood, A., SMH Andrabi, M. Anwar and M. Rafiq, 2011. Estrus synchronization and artificial insemination in goats during low breeding season-A preliminary study. Pakistan Vet. J., 31: 157-159 Mensa-Bonsu, A., 1976. ...
Aphids or plant lice are serious pests of various crops including rose. They damage leaves direct... more Aphids or plant lice are serious pests of various crops including rose. They damage leaves directly by sucking cell sap and indirectly by excreting honeydew, which encourages sooty mold growth. This direct and indirect damage affect plant growth and development. Beetles from family Coccinellidae feed on these aphids and reduce their population in the crop field. The present study was conducted to estimate the feeding efficacy of predatory beetle, Coccinella septempuctata on rose aphid, Macrosiphum rosae in rose garden at tehsil Mokhal Sandhuan, district Gujranwala, Pakistan. Observations on selected rose plants were made for 30 minutes during dawn and dusk in the month of March 2019. Foraging of C. septempunctata on prey species of aphid was observed on different parts of rose plant (upper and lower quadrats). Predation rate of C. septempunctata was higher in the morning and also on the upper parts of selected rose plant.
Journal of Dairy, Veterinary & Animal Research
The purpose of this study was to find the feeding preferences of Odontotermes obesus termites on ... more The purpose of this study was to find the feeding preferences of Odontotermes obesus termites on different types of commercial timbers along with the evaluation of different timbers and their resistance and non- resistance behavior under lab and field conditions at 100ºC. There were six wood species which were evaluated regarding attack and damage which include Azadirachta indica (Neem), Eucalyptus globulus (Safaida), Ficus religiosa (Peeple), Mangifera indica (Aamb), Dalbergia sisso (Taali or Sheesham), Acacia arabia (Keekar). Two weeks’ laboratory and 3 months of field trials were performed with suitable conditions. The samples of every six wood species were prepared and exposed to different species of termites by burying them in the active nests of termites. This practical was performed at Wagah border 30 km away from Lahore. After this time, the factors which were to be noted were wood mass loss and visual appearance of each sample. This also includes a choice and no choice feed...
Annals of Experimental and Molecular Biology, 2021
The study was conducted to reveal the morphological and taxonomic distribution pattern of dominan... more The study was conducted to reveal the morphological and taxonomic distribution pattern of dominant insect species under different abiotic conditions in diverse areas of district Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Three various non-agro urban-based ecological sites (Safari Park, Punjab University and Model town Park) randomly selected for field surveys, insect collection and abiotic factor study during the year of 2019-2020. A total of 234 individuals classified into 12 orders, 50 insect species were recovered across all sampling sites. The results indicated that the highest number of insect species with abundant taxa were trapped in Safari Park (62%), followed by Punjab University (26%) and Model town park (12%), respectively. The most dominant insect species are Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, Orthoptera and Diptera, respectively. The purpose of the study was to assess role of abiotic factors on diversification and adaptation of insects in selected area of Lahore, Pakistan. Among the site-specific difference, PCA analysis of the study revealed a significant difference in ecological diversification and adaptation pattern.
... Akhtar and Amanullah (1989) studied swarming of termites on specified plot in New Campus area... more ... Akhtar and Amanullah (1989) studied swarming of termites on specified plot in New Campus area, Lahore, Pakistan and recorded 25 swarms of four species of termites, Coptotermes heimi, Microtermes unicolor, Microtermes obesi and Eremotermes paradoxalis. ...
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology, 2021
Termites are a social group of animals. They found everywhere except Antarctica. Termites are the... more Termites are a social group of animals. They found everywhere except Antarctica. Termites are the major pest of agriculture and damaging wood and wood products. The present study was conducted to evaluate the feeding behavior of termites under field conditions. Eight wood species include Mangifera indica (mangoes), Albizia lebbeck (albizia), Populus euramericana (popular), Melia azedarach (bead tree), Vachellia nilotica (kiker,thorny acacia), Eucalyptus camaldulensis (eucalyptus), Dalbergia sissoo (shesham), and Eugenia jambolana (jamun) was offered to termites to feed under field trials. Wood species was cut into blocks (L×W×T =8×9×1 cm) and dry in the oven at 42 o C for 72 hours. It was found that P. euramericana, M. indica and V. nilotica where the most palatable woods to termite as maximum feeding was noted for these two kinds of wood under field conditions. M. azedarach, D. sisso and E. camaldulensis were lest preferred woods to termite in choice and no-choice bioassays. M. azedarach, D. sisso and E. camaldulensis have a natural chemical which make the wood resistant against the termite attacks. Chemical extract from these resistant plants can be used in termite control are safer and hazardless for the environment.
The present work was designed to evaluate the Contamination of heavy metals in water is regarded ... more The present work was designed to evaluate the Contamination of heavy metals in water is regarded as global crises with a large share in developing countries like Pakistan. In present study, health risk consequences of composition of heavy metal contaminated water and fish collected at Head Balloki (River Ravi) were evaluated. 3 samples of water were collected at six different sights of Head Balloki for each Pre and Post Monsoon. Fish samples were collected at some six sights and their gills, liver were removed for heavy metal analysis. This study reported that the Concentration of chromium Cr was found higher than the Nickel Ni in water Cr > Ni. On the other hand, in fish organ of Labeo rohita the concentration of Chromium Cr was higher than the Ni in Gills Cr > Ni and the concentration of Ni was higher than the chromium Cr in Liver Ni > Cr. All the samples were analyzed to determine the concentration of two heavy metals (Cr, Ni) using Spectrophotometer techniques. The data...
Abstract: Ten species of wood were tested for their natural resistance and to reveal feeding pref... more Abstract: Ten species of wood were tested for their natural resistance and to reveal feeding preferences of M. championi. In “No choice ” laboratory experiments, Abies pindrow was found highly resistant and Populus euramericana highly palatable. The impact of drying temperature (60°C, 70°C, 80°C, 90°C and 100°C) was studied. The amount of wood consumed in general, increased with increase in drying temperature indicating that heat contributed to the loss of natural resistance components of the woods. When M. championi was given a choice and the woods were offered in combination of two, this termite species repeated its instinct, easily identified the more preferred wood and consumed more of it. Consequently, M. championi showed maximum feeding on P. euramericana and the minimum on A. pindrow and the mean feeding propensity was significantly different (P<0.0028). Based on the feeding propensity, the woods are arranged in descending order of preference: Populus euramericana> Azad...
The primary purpose of this study is to reveal the feeding preferences of Odontotermes obesus ter... more The primary purpose of this study is to reveal the feeding preferences of Odontotermes obesus termites on different commercial timbers along with the evaluation of different timbers and their resistance and nonresistance behavior under lab and field conditions at 100 0C. There were six wood species which were evaluated regarding attack and damage which include Abies pindrow (partal), Cedrus deodara (diar), Acacia arabica (keekar), Dalbergia sisso (tali), Mangifera indica (mango), Pinus roxburghii (palwadar). Two weeks' laboratory and 3 months of field trials were performed with suitable conditions. The samples of every six wood species were prepared and exposed to different species of termites by burying them in the active nests of termites. This practical was performed at Wagah border 30 km away from Lahore. After this time, the factors which were to be noted were wood mass loss and visual appearance of each sample. This also includes a choice and no choice feeding test. This trial is made to evaluate the nonresistance of wood to termite attack. After Trials have been made, it has been noted that the most palatable wood is A. pindrow and the nonresistant wood is C. deodara.
The economic importance of locusts is well recognized throughout the world owing to their swarmin... more The economic importance of locusts is well recognized throughout the world owing to their swarming behavior. The damage caused by hoppers on a small scale is mostly limited to local vegetation, primarily crops. Crop damage is overlooked, but it is tenacious in nature, and the effects they leave on planned systems, such as crop fields, are much more serious. Therefore, many taxa (genera or species) of the family Acrididae are considered as potential pests of farms, forests and even pastures. In general, the distribution of locusts decreases with increasing latitudes, i.e., Their occurrence increases towards the equator. When ecological conditions favour more plant growth and trigger more breeding, locusts can manage to aggregate in a huge voracious swarm and inflict damage to crops. When outbreaks of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria L. arose in the southeastern part of Pakistan in the Sind, Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar, Minchinabad and Chistian adjoining districts bordering the eastern sides of India. As a result, further damage to crops and migration to other areas were prevented. Morphometric measurements indicated that the migrants had reached the body dimensions typical for gregarious forms. Drum and empty tin beating and pesticide application are both effective in managing locusts under field conditions. Swarms of adults landed on the grazing and farming lands of the country, specifically from Sind (Thar) to Chistian, Bahawalpur, Rahim yar khan, Minchinabad, Lodhran and adjacent districts in the region in November 2019, and caused substantial damage to agricultural crops and pastures. In the fall of 2019, numerous locusts suddenly swarmed in the affected areas, and thus, control was essential. The organochlorines are highly persistent and include dieldrin and HCH. These insecticides were the most favoured for locust control because of their efficacy, cost and persistence. Sprayed from land or aerial vehicles, whole swarms can be targeted in relatively short periods of time. Traditionally, the use of empty tin/drum was beaten to produce a loud sound that drove the locust away. The practices are cost effective and environmentally friendly.
Subterranean termites destroy wooden structures and feed on cellulose-based products throughout t... more Subterranean termites destroy wooden structures and feed on cellulose-based products throughout the world, incurring significant economic damage. The investigation is being conducted to determine the effectiveness of medicinal plant Mentha spicata (Mint) extracts against subterranean termites under laboratory and field conditions in order to monitor termite activity. In laboratory bioassays, the anti-termitic and repellent effects of Mentha spicata (Mint) extracts were studied at various concentrations, i.e., 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%. After performing a repellency test, it was noted that the medicinal plant M. spicata extract is repellant at higher dosages and non-repellant at lower dosages. The same thing happens in anti-termite tests: the mortality rate is low at lower doses and high at higher doses. Four different types of wood species named A. pindrow, C. deodara, A. arabica and P. euramericana were treated with M. spicata extract and buried in the active nest of termites for three months under suitable conditions. The field trial was held at the Wagha border, 30 kilometers from Lahore. In field trials, choice and no-choice bioassays were performed. After trials, it has been noted that P. euramericana is the maximum wood consumed and C. deodara is the minimum wood consumed in nochoice field trials. In field trials, termites feed on P. euramericana, a more appealing wood, and A. arabica, a less appealing wood. So the result is that M. spicata extract is a non-repellent medicinal plant.
International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 2012
... Proc. 8th Int. Congr. IUSSI Wageninge, pp. 238–242 Mehmood, A., SMH Andrabi, M. Anwar and M. ... more ... Proc. 8th Int. Congr. IUSSI Wageninge, pp. 238–242 Mehmood, A., SMH Andrabi, M. Anwar and M. Rafiq, 2011. Estrus synchronization and artificial insemination in goats during low breeding season-A preliminary study. Pakistan Vet. J., 31: 157-159 Mensa-Bonsu, A., 1976. ...
Aphids or plant lice are serious pests of various crops including rose. They damage leaves direct... more Aphids or plant lice are serious pests of various crops including rose. They damage leaves directly by sucking cell sap and indirectly by excreting honeydew, which encourages sooty mold growth. This direct and indirect damage affect plant growth and development. Beetles from family Coccinellidae feed on these aphids and reduce their population in the crop field. The present study was conducted to estimate the feeding efficacy of predatory beetle, Coccinella septempuctata on rose aphid, Macrosiphum rosae in rose garden at tehsil Mokhal Sandhuan, district Gujranwala, Pakistan. Observations on selected rose plants were made for 30 minutes during dawn and dusk in the month of March 2019. Foraging of C. septempunctata on prey species of aphid was observed on different parts of rose plant (upper and lower quadrats). Predation rate of C. septempunctata was higher in the morning and also on the upper parts of selected rose plant.
Journal of Dairy, Veterinary & Animal Research
The purpose of this study was to find the feeding preferences of Odontotermes obesus termites on ... more The purpose of this study was to find the feeding preferences of Odontotermes obesus termites on different types of commercial timbers along with the evaluation of different timbers and their resistance and non- resistance behavior under lab and field conditions at 100ºC. There were six wood species which were evaluated regarding attack and damage which include Azadirachta indica (Neem), Eucalyptus globulus (Safaida), Ficus religiosa (Peeple), Mangifera indica (Aamb), Dalbergia sisso (Taali or Sheesham), Acacia arabia (Keekar). Two weeks’ laboratory and 3 months of field trials were performed with suitable conditions. The samples of every six wood species were prepared and exposed to different species of termites by burying them in the active nests of termites. This practical was performed at Wagah border 30 km away from Lahore. After this time, the factors which were to be noted were wood mass loss and visual appearance of each sample. This also includes a choice and no choice feed...
Annals of Experimental and Molecular Biology, 2021
The study was conducted to reveal the morphological and taxonomic distribution pattern of dominan... more The study was conducted to reveal the morphological and taxonomic distribution pattern of dominant insect species under different abiotic conditions in diverse areas of district Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Three various non-agro urban-based ecological sites (Safari Park, Punjab University and Model town Park) randomly selected for field surveys, insect collection and abiotic factor study during the year of 2019-2020. A total of 234 individuals classified into 12 orders, 50 insect species were recovered across all sampling sites. The results indicated that the highest number of insect species with abundant taxa were trapped in Safari Park (62%), followed by Punjab University (26%) and Model town park (12%), respectively. The most dominant insect species are Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, Orthoptera and Diptera, respectively. The purpose of the study was to assess role of abiotic factors on diversification and adaptation of insects in selected area of Lahore, Pakistan. Among the site-specific difference, PCA analysis of the study revealed a significant difference in ecological diversification and adaptation pattern.
... Akhtar and Amanullah (1989) studied swarming of termites on specified plot in New Campus area... more ... Akhtar and Amanullah (1989) studied swarming of termites on specified plot in New Campus area, Lahore, Pakistan and recorded 25 swarms of four species of termites, Coptotermes heimi, Microtermes unicolor, Microtermes obesi and Eremotermes paradoxalis. ...
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology, 2021
Termites are a social group of animals. They found everywhere except Antarctica. Termites are the... more Termites are a social group of animals. They found everywhere except Antarctica. Termites are the major pest of agriculture and damaging wood and wood products. The present study was conducted to evaluate the feeding behavior of termites under field conditions. Eight wood species include Mangifera indica (mangoes), Albizia lebbeck (albizia), Populus euramericana (popular), Melia azedarach (bead tree), Vachellia nilotica (kiker,thorny acacia), Eucalyptus camaldulensis (eucalyptus), Dalbergia sissoo (shesham), and Eugenia jambolana (jamun) was offered to termites to feed under field trials. Wood species was cut into blocks (L×W×T =8×9×1 cm) and dry in the oven at 42 o C for 72 hours. It was found that P. euramericana, M. indica and V. nilotica where the most palatable woods to termite as maximum feeding was noted for these two kinds of wood under field conditions. M. azedarach, D. sisso and E. camaldulensis were lest preferred woods to termite in choice and no-choice bioassays. M. azedarach, D. sisso and E. camaldulensis have a natural chemical which make the wood resistant against the termite attacks. Chemical extract from these resistant plants can be used in termite control are safer and hazardless for the environment.
The present work was designed to evaluate the Contamination of heavy metals in water is regarded ... more The present work was designed to evaluate the Contamination of heavy metals in water is regarded as global crises with a large share in developing countries like Pakistan. In present study, health risk consequences of composition of heavy metal contaminated water and fish collected at Head Balloki (River Ravi) were evaluated. 3 samples of water were collected at six different sights of Head Balloki for each Pre and Post Monsoon. Fish samples were collected at some six sights and their gills, liver were removed for heavy metal analysis. This study reported that the Concentration of chromium Cr was found higher than the Nickel Ni in water Cr > Ni. On the other hand, in fish organ of Labeo rohita the concentration of Chromium Cr was higher than the Ni in Gills Cr > Ni and the concentration of Ni was higher than the chromium Cr in Liver Ni > Cr. All the samples were analyzed to determine the concentration of two heavy metals (Cr, Ni) using Spectrophotometer techniques. The data...
Abstract: Ten species of wood were tested for their natural resistance and to reveal feeding pref... more Abstract: Ten species of wood were tested for their natural resistance and to reveal feeding preferences of M. championi. In “No choice ” laboratory experiments, Abies pindrow was found highly resistant and Populus euramericana highly palatable. The impact of drying temperature (60°C, 70°C, 80°C, 90°C and 100°C) was studied. The amount of wood consumed in general, increased with increase in drying temperature indicating that heat contributed to the loss of natural resistance components of the woods. When M. championi was given a choice and the woods were offered in combination of two, this termite species repeated its instinct, easily identified the more preferred wood and consumed more of it. Consequently, M. championi showed maximum feeding on P. euramericana and the minimum on A. pindrow and the mean feeding propensity was significantly different (P<0.0028). Based on the feeding propensity, the woods are arranged in descending order of preference: Populus euramericana> Azad...
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