Papers by Khairan Khairan
Haarlem Oil (HO) is a semisynthetic product made from terpene oil and elemental sulfur by mixing ... more Haarlem Oil (HO) is a semisynthetic product made from terpene oil and elemental sulfur by mixing them under high temperature. HO contains organosulfur compounds and these compounds have been known as possessing activities as antioxidant agents. The aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity of HO on eight cell line tissue cultures using crystal violet staining assay. In this assay, the results were reported in percentages of viable cells being established by incubation of the cells with HO and 0.1% solution of detergent nonyl phenoxy polyethoxyl ethanol (NP40). It was then compared with the untreated cells having 100% viability. The result found that HO was the most active against A549 (adeno carcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial) cell line with EC50 values of 6.30 ppm.
Journal of Patchouli and Essential Oil Products
Patchouli oil (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) has antioxidant and antibacterial activities that can be... more Patchouli oil (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) has antioxidant and antibacterial activities that can be used as an active ingredient in cosmetic products, such as body butter. Body butter preparations have the highest oil content. Therefore, they usually have the shortest storage period because they can easily damage during the storage period. The study aimed to evaluate the physical quality of patchouli oil body butter formulation in an accelerated stability test process for seven cycles. The formula was tested for its physical stability by organoleptic test, homogeneity, pH, absorption, adhesion, and dispersibility. Preparation evaluation was carried out in each cycle and analyzed using Student's t-test. The evaluation result of body butter preparation showed no significant difference (p 0.05) in the preparation in each cycle. Therefore, it can be concluded that the body butter formulation of patchouli oil was stable during the storage period for ± six months.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Garlic (Allium sativum Linn) has been known and used as therapeutic agents to prevent several pat... more Garlic (Allium sativum Linn) has been known and used as therapeutic agents to prevent several pathologies diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of five garlic extracts, namely, aqueous garlic extract (AGE), methanol garlic extract (MGE), ethyl acetate garlic extract, EAGE), and n-hexane garlic extract (HGE) against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne sp. and termite, Nasutitermes sp. The nematicidal and termiticidal activities of five garlic extracts were performed at concentration of 10; 25; and 50%. The nematicidal assay revealed that aqueous garlic extract (AGE) and ethyl acetate garlic extract (EAGE) have higher activities against Melodogyne sp at all concentrations tested at 5 h of time incubation with the percentages of viabilities between 4.67%-15.63% and 0%-10.23% respectively. Meanwhile, the termiticidal assay results showed that aqueous garlic extract (AGE), ethyl acetate garlic extract (EAGE), and n-hexane garlic extract (HGE) have stronger activity again...
Pharmaceuticals
Essential oils are gaining popularity for their use in treating depression, including that extrac... more Essential oils are gaining popularity for their use in treating depression, including that extracted from patchouli leaves and stems (Pogostemon cablin). Herein, we used patchouli oil (PO) containing a high amount of patchouli alcohol derived from P. cablin var. Tapak Tuan. The aim of this study was to investigate the antidepressant potential of PO, with a variety of patchouli alcohol concentrations obtained from a separation process using vacuum distillation with different temperature ranges. The initial patchouli oil (iPO) was traditionally distilled by a local farmer and further distilled using a rotary evaporator at temperature ranges of 115–160 °C (POF-1); 120–160 °C (POF-2), and 125–160 °C (POF-3), resulting in products with different patchouli alcohol concentrations. POF-3, with the highest patchouli alcohol content of 60.66% (based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), was used for cooling crystallization, resulting in 100% patchouli alcohol crystal (pPA). A tail suspens...
Arwana: Jurnal Ilmiah Program Studi Perairan, 2021
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas air sungai dengan tingkatan pencemaran limbah ... more Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas air sungai dengan tingkatan pencemaran limbah di sungai Kreung Manee Aceh Utara. Stasiun penelitian berjumlah 3 stasiun. Parameter yang di uji adalah pengukuran suhu, kekeruhan dan kecerahan menggunakan metode in situ, untuk mengukur kadar pH, oksigen terlarut, COD dan amoniak mengacu pada baku mutu air dari SNI.06-6989.14 (2009) serta indek pencemaran. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan di perairan sungai Krueng Mane Aceh Utara memiliki nilai rata-rata pengukuran suhu antara 29oC – 30oC, oksigen terlarut antara 5,7mg/l - 6,5 mg/l, kecerahan antara 63 cm - 80 cm, nitrat antara 0,024 mg/l – 0.027 mg/l, phospat antara 0,06mg/l – 0,11mg/l, pH antara 8,23 – 8,68, Chemycal Oxygen Demand (COD) antara 48,528 mg/l - 87,437 mg/l, dapat disimpulkan bahwa parameter kualitas perairan di perairan sungai Krueng Mane Aceh Utara masih termasuk pada kategori pencemaran sedang. Kondisi kualitas perairan sungai Krueng Mane Aceh Utara masih bisa untuk keh...
The Scientific World Journal, 2021
Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) is one of the tropical plants found in Indonesia that has been ... more Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) is one of the tropical plants found in Indonesia that has been used to prevent and treat various diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the ethanol extract of neem leaves on the concentration of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea, and creatinine in male rats. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (T0, T1, T2, and T3) with 6 rats in each group. T0 is the control group, and T1, T2, and T3 are the treatment groups that were administered 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg body weight of neem leaf ethanolic extracts for 48 days, respectively. On day 49, blood samples were collected to measure the concentration of AST, ALT, creatinine, and urea followed by an evaluation of liver and kidney histology. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of neem leaves did not affect the concentration of AST, ALT, and creatinine, The ethanol leaves reduced extract on the urea concentration, no...
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2021
This study aimed to analyze the fatty acid inPliek U oil andevaluate its inhibitor potential base... more This study aimed to analyze the fatty acid inPliek U oil andevaluate its inhibitor potential based on the interaction to several proteins and enzymes in SARS-CoV-2 using the in silico approach. Pliek U oil containing capric acid, caprylic acid, lauric acid, linoleic acid, myristic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acids, with oleic acid as a dominant substance. Molecular docking analysis showed that linoleic acid has the best interaction to the receptors with the lowest binding affinity to 3CLpro (6LU7), Spike protein (6VXX), PLpro (6WX4), RdRp (6M71), E protein (5X29), and Spike Ectodomain Structure (6VYB) of -4.9, -5.8, -4.7, -4.3, -5.3 and -5.5 kcal/mol, respectively. The finding suggests that the binding of linoleic acid to the SARS-CoV-2 protein and enzyme may cause impairment of viral attachments to host cells, thus reducing infectivity in COVID-19 patients.
Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, 2021
Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) is a tropical plant that belongs to the Meliaceae family. It ha... more Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) is a tropical plant that belongs to the Meliaceae family. It has an antifertility effect that could be developed for a male contraceptive candidate. This study evaluated the phytochemicals characteristics of neem leaf ethanolic extracts from Kajhu and Limpok in Aceh Besar Regency, Aceh, Indonesia, through phytochemicals screening, FTIR, and GCMS analysis. The result showed the differences of active compounds of neem leaves ethanolic extract from Kajhu and Limpok. Neem leaves ethanolic extract from Kajhu have more active compounds than from Limpok area, which contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, steroids. The main compound neem leaves ethanol extract in Kajhu is linolenic acid, while hexadecanoic acid is found in Limpok. Its active compounds serve as an antifertility agent that could disrupt gonadotropin hormone and spermatogenesis.
Biotropic : The Journal of Tropical Biology, 2021
This study aims to determine the effect of 2,4-Diclorophenoxy Acetic Acid (2,4-D) and Benzyl Amin... more This study aims to determine the effect of 2,4-Diclorophenoxy Acetic Acid (2,4-D) and Benzyl Amino Purin (BAP) on the formation of callus of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) shoot explants by horizontal and vertical cutting methods. The parameters that observed in this study were the percentage growth of callus, time appearance of callus, weight of callus and the morphology of callus. The results showed that horizontal cutting method was able to induce callus growth with the percentages growth of callus were 18,75%, with the time appearance of callus was at 16 days at P1; P10; P12; P13 dan P14. The highest weight of callus obtained was 0.19 grams at P8. The results also showed that the callus yielded had a yellow and cream color, with a compact and crumb textures. Meanwhile, the vertical cutting method was able to induce callus formation with the percentage growth of callus were 12,5%. The fastest time of callus appearance was obtained in P6 and P8, which was 12 day after planti...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2019
View the article online for updates and enhancements. Content from this work may be used under th... more View the article online for updates and enhancements. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2019
Indonesia as the largest archipelago country in the world is also known as a country with plenty ... more Indonesia as the largest archipelago country in the world is also known as a country with plenty of natural resources that can be used as traditional medicinal plants. Pliek U is a fermented crude coconut meat has been used as an ingredient in Aceh traditional food and also used as a traditional topical medicine in Aceh. Pliek U is potential as a source of free fatty acids (FFAs) such as lauric acid and monolauric acid which have antimicrobial properties. The aim of this study is to determine the activity ethanolic Pliek U extracts (EPUE) and ethanolic of residue hexane of Pliek U extracts (ERHPUE) and also the activities of their cream formulation against Staphylococcus aureus The antibacterial activity was determined by disc difussion method with clindamycin as a positive control. The antibacterial activity results showed that EPUE has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with diameter inhibition zone of 8.66±0.57 mm, while ERHPUE and their cream have no activity a...
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, 2010
Semisynthesis of D6,7-Anhydroerythromycin-A was done by biomodification technique by addition of ... more Semisynthesis of D6,7-Anhydroerythromycin-A was done by biomodification technique by addition of 0.2% INH into a culture fermentation of Saccharopolyspora erythraea ATCC 11635 in medium Hutchinson. The aim of this research is to studies of fragmentation pattern from new matabolite of D6,7-Anhydroerythromycin-A by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (LC-MS) and the ionization of mass spectroscopy is use by ESI (Electrospray Ionization) pattern. The FT-IR spectrometric analyzes showed a stretching vibration of C=C conjugated group at wave number 1602.7 cm-1. This C=C conjugated vibration indicated the existence of double bond between C6 and C7 (D6,7), this confirmed that isolate contained D6,7-Anhydroerythromycin-A (the possibility of D6,7 was positive). For complementation, a LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy) analyzes using ESI-MS (Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectroscopy) ionization pattern was conducted to the isolate which resulted Quassimolecular ions [M+H]+ of...
Jurnal Natural, 2018
Jamu (herbal medicine) is a traditional Indonesian medicine used to nourish, treat, and restore o... more Jamu (herbal medicine) is a traditional Indonesian medicine used to nourish, treat, and restore of health, as well as for beauty and fitness. A healthy Jamu is safe when consumed and free from chemicals (in Indonesia it’s called BKO). BKO is a medicinal chemical compound which is intentionally added in jamu (herbal medicine), which aims to increase the accelerate effects of Jamu or herbal medicine from the usual. The aims of this study are to extract, isolate, identify and elucidate the structure of the BKO of sildenafil and it’s derivatives in two herbal preparations circulating in the city of Banda Aceh. Extraction, isolation and identification of sildenafil BKO and its derivatives in jamu were done by using column chromatography (CC) and thin layer chromatography (TLC) meanwhile, the structure elucidation of sildenafil and it’s derivatives were done by Fourier-Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) and liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC/MS/MS). The results of extraction, isolation ...
Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management, 2016
Sulfur nanoparticles (SNPs) have been successfully prepared from sodium thiosulfate in the presen... more Sulfur nanoparticles (SNPs) have been successfully prepared from sodium thiosulfate in the presence of Punica granatum peels aqueous extract at room temperature. The resulting sulfur nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Highly crystalline synthesized sulfur nanoparticles exhibiting high purity, spherical shape with average particle size of about 50 nm applied at a rate of 100 ppm, 200 ppm, and 300 ppm as foliar spray for tomato leaves. The obtained results revealed that the foliar spraying tomato leaves with 200 ppm sulfur nanoparticles are very beneficial to plant growth and produced healthy plant with greener leaves and high quality of tomato fruits compared with control.
Current Research Topics in Applied Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, 2009
Annals of Microbiology, 2012
ABSTRACT Two hundred cultures of lactic acid bacteria were isolated from eight yan-taozih (pickle... more ABSTRACT Two hundred cultures of lactic acid bacteria were isolated from eight yan-taozih (pickled peaches) samples, and four cultures were isolated from the main component of these samples, fresh peaches. Phenotypic and biochemical characteristics identified eight different bacterial groups (A–H) and showed that the majority of the isolates was heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria. The most common bacterial species in yan-taozih was Leuconostoc mesenteroides, although regional diversity was also observed among the lactic acid bacteria strains isolated. The antibacterial activities of the isolates were also determined, and 20 isolates were found to show inhibitory activity against the indicator strain Lactobacillus sakei JCM 1157T. The results of the sensory evaluation suggested that the diversity of lactic acid bacteria has a great effect on the aroma and formation of taste in the food product. Our findings suggest that Leuconostoc mesenteroides is the most abundant lactic acid bacteria in yan-taozih (pickled peaches) and that lactic acid bacteria strains play an important role in affecting the aroma and taste of the food product.
Journal of Chemical Natural Resources, 2019
Garlic is known to have antibacterial and antifungal activities. This research aims to formulate ... more Garlic is known to have antibacterial and antifungal activities. This research aims to formulate the gel materials extracted from the garlic and to investigate the antimicrobial activities to Staphylococcus epidermidis. The phytochemical screening showed that the gel materials of ethyl acetate consisted alkaloid, flavonoid, and saponin substances. The formulation of gel was synthesized with different variations of 1, 5, and 10%. In this research, the gel materials were analyzed to understand the stability, homogeneity, pH, viscosity and dispersive powers. The results showed that good abilities of gel based on the taste, aroma and consistency, while the homogeneity property of each samples is influenced by the presence of gel concentration. The viscosity property of gels accounted for 3201.02-1664.04 Cps with 2.95-3.8 cm of dispersive powers. The ability of antimicrobial showed that higher concentration of 5% and 10% gels showed greater inhibitory zones of 18,10 and 22,08 mm compare...
Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, 2019
Sulphur nanoparticles have been successfully prepared from sodium thiosulphate pentahydrate (Na2S... more Sulphur nanoparticles have been successfully prepared from sodium thiosulphate pentahydrate (Na2S2O3•5H2O) in the presence and absence of aqueous garlic extract (Allium sativum). The resulting sulphur nanoparticles were examined by Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The average size of sulphur nanoparticles was determined by XRD analysis and calculated using the Debye-Scherrer formula. The results showed that the size of sulphur nanoparticles synthesized in the presence and absence of aqueous garlic extract were 55.613 and 70.908 nm respectively. The SEM analysis showed that sulphur nanoparticles synthesized in the presence of aqueous garlic extract were clear and lighter with smooth spherical shapes. The antifungal activities of the sulphur nanoparticles were determined by a disc diffusion method, and the results showed that sulphur nanoparticles synthesized in the presence and absence of aqueous garlic extract (Allium sativum) have no effect on clinical isolate of Candida albicans at concentrations of 200, 400, and 600 ppm.
Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan - Indonesian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2016
The objective of this research was to investigate cytotoxicity effect of Haarlem oil (HO) on HL-6... more The objective of this research was to investigate cytotoxicity effect of Haarlem oil (HO) on HL-60 cell line and Steinernema feltiae (S. feltiae). The test results using trypan blue method and CellTiter-Glo® assays revealed that HO showed higher cytotoxicity effect against HL-60 cell line especially at concentration of 1:10 and 1:5. Meanwhile, the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay revealed that the higher cytotoxicity effect showed at 1:5, with the cell viabilities were around 40-65%. The nematicidal assay discovered that HO at concentration of 1:5 showed higher activities compare to other concentrations with percentage viability of 70%. These studies have shown that HO shows cytotoxic effect against HL-60 cell lines, and moderate activity against S. feltiae as well.
It is well known that several organic compounds which include in their structure selenium atoms h... more It is well known that several organic compounds which include in their structure selenium atoms have anticarcinogenic properties1,2. Organoselenium compounds, such as methylseleninic acid3 and Se-methylselenocysteine2, among others, has been proven to be antiproliferative and proapoptotic compounds in cancer cells. On the other hand, sulfur compounds like as dipropyl disulfide, dipropyl trisulfide, methyl propyl disulfide and methyl propyl trisulfide have been confirmed to be molecules with nematicidal activity4. A investigation group of the Universidad de Navarra carried out the synthesis and biological evaluation as anticancer agents of more than forty selenylacetic acids derivatives and related organoselenium compounds with CO-Se chemical bonds5. These molecules answer to the general formula shown below: In this work we check if the compounds prepared as antitumorals are also nemotoxics, because structures containing alkyl-sulfides have nematicidal activity and certain selenocomp...
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Papers by Khairan Khairan