... meeting in September 2000, Captain Jim Shaw, a Delta pilot and representative of the Air Line... more ... meeting in September 2000, Captain Jim Shaw, a Delta pilot and representative of the Air Line Pilots Association (ALPA), reported that ... from physical abuse, chemicals and water, heating and other environmental factors such as air pollution, salt-water spray, and acid rain. ...
This study examines a distributed execution system composed of C51-based miniaturized computing d... more This study examines a distributed execution system composed of C51-based miniaturized computing devices called advanced instrument controllers (AICs). Developed by Phillips Laboratories and taking up roughly the space of a postage stamp, AICs combine a digital signal processor with 128K of EEPROM, 128K of RAM, 32 analog input channels, 8 analog channels, and 6 communication ports in a radiation-hardened package. The distributed execution system uses AICs with a task distribution system called MOM, and a planning tool called generational scheduling. MOM is a fault-tolerant support system executing across distributed, heterogeneous network of processing elements which has the ability to diagnose faults, identify recovery of nodes, and rollback lost jobs. Generational scheduling (GS) is simplistic yet effective scheme for dynamically scheduling dependent tasks in a near-optimal manner on available resources. By using AICs, MOM, and GS a self-organizing and self-compensating execution environment is obtained.
The DoD procurement account fell by more than 70% during the past decade. The cost associated wit... more The DoD procurement account fell by more than 70% during the past decade. The cost associated with rotorcraft design, analysis, testing, training, and support, using current techniques, promises to escalate in the predicted hostile fiscal environment of the 21 st century. This cost must be reduced through the use of credible simulation and other analytical options. Conventional multi-service air vehicle flight testing is becoming more expensive and the test results may uncover problems late in the acquisition cycle, where making changes can be both costly and time consuming. Mission rehearsal training is normally conducted on operational flight trainers far removed from the battlefield site. A need exists to conduct joint service air vehicle testing analytically first, and to do mission rehearsal training at deployed sites. A need also exists to help integrate the design and test phases of the aircraft acquisition cycle and to do 21 st century flight testing better, faster, cheaper, and safer. The Joint Enhanced Rotorcraft Test and Operational Capability (JERTOC) concept was formulated as one approach to help realize the generic better/faster/cheaper/safer criteria applied to test and evaluation (T&E), as well as, to help achieve local flight test objectives of reducing T&E cost and cycle time. The JERTOC concept involves testing and evaluating advanced technology programs available in the 21 st century in aircraft and engine simulation modeling, design, test planning, and test reporting to better support acquisition, testing and training in an integrated environment. An initial goal of this program concept is to develop the capability to do analytically in one month what might currently take more than a year of actual air vehicle flight testing. A final goal includes using the capability of a high performance computing (HPC) center to analytically run a helicopter air vehicle test program in one 24 hr period. This advanced capability would not be used to DTIC ES srflSSG'.
Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corpora... more Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Approved for public release; further dissemination unlimited.
This paper presents an overview of emerging technology components that in combination form a low ... more This paper presents an overview of emerging technology components that in combination form a low cost embedded computing infrastructure and framework for embedded instrumentation (EI) for VHMS. The paper will present how the EI technology adds Real Time - VHMS with very low weight (or even weight savings) in legacy and new air, ground and sea platforms. First the authors will describe the need, customer requirements, and benefits for adding EI for VHMS to old and new platforms. Next the authors will describe the barriers often encountered by developers of current EI VHMS concepts, i.e., safety issues, software development, installation and use certification, data analysis, support centers and life cycle cost. Next the authors will present how these barriers are being overcome with an initial application for ground vehicles using the new EI architecture to provide real-time VHMS. Next the authors will present how a well constructed general purpose EI framework can be defined that reduces development time and minimizes installed weight as well addressing other issues. The authors will explain its open architecture with features such as user defined real-time data collection, data storage, custom analyses, and publish/ subscribe environment that accommodates updates, messages, alerts and off loading. Finally, the paper will end with examples of snap-in connectors and designed in "smart wiring" based approaches that have been developed with MDA Airborne Laser, Army, and Navy funding. This technology is being advanced to field testing on Army ground vehicles to pave the way for application to military and commercial aircraft.
L'invention porte sur un systeme pour une protection autonome contre des incendies et un choc... more L'invention porte sur un systeme pour une protection autonome contre des incendies et un choc electrique des composants utilises dans la construction de reseaux photovoltaiques. Le systeme detecte des conditions qui, laissees sans surveillance, entrainent une conflagration de materiaux combustibles et une electrification non souhaitee. Le systeme fournit un mecanisme de commande active qui fonctionne de maniere a mettre hors ligne des composants defectueux et a fournir ainsi une protection contre les risques d'incendie et d'electrification qui pourraient autrement se produire. Le systeme fournit egalement une annonce et une notification lorsque des actions sont effectuees. Le systeme peut etre utilise pour determiner que les elements structurels inflammables d'un module photovoltaique (PV) sont en danger de conflagration en raison de la chaleur intense d'un plasma produit par un arc de courant continu (CC) au niveau d'un point dans le reseau de conducteurs qu...
Proceedings., Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium
The use of electronic notebooks is a generic and necessary step to automated design engineering. ... more The use of electronic notebooks is a generic and necessary step to automated design engineering. With the use of a workstation notebook, the flow of data and graphics can be unified into a firm point of documentation. The data obtained about individual design items (assemblies) can be further centralized into a resident workstation containing all known design knowledge. The author presents one implementation using off-the-shelf hardware and software that enables customers, manufacturers, designers, and users to participate in formation of dynamic engineering notebooks and perhaps have a say in what a good notebook should contain.<<ETX>>
Abstract : This paper presents the state of the art in real time reactive supervision using micro... more Abstract : This paper presents the state of the art in real time reactive supervision using micro-module sensors. The paper will show how automatic test equipment is becoming more and more an anachronism as the Joint Strike Fighter Prognostic Health Management (PHM) team forges new links that connect onboard, event based diagnostics and prognostics to ground-based support. The paper will discuss how on-aircraft PHM combines micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) and micro-electro-optical systems (MEOS) with prognostic microprocessors to sense, detect, consider, prognose, message and perhaps correct problems. The paper will explain how miniature electronic technology (E.T.) will use web based JAVA technology to receive rules for PHM and send results of PHM via downlink to the Joint Distributed Information System. (JDIS) The paper will show how E.T. is embedded in the wiring, cables and connectors that are the life lines of the electronic systems, and how E.T. will be fused into mechanical structures to detect aging and battle damage. Finally, the paper will describe the cost benefits that result from radically changing the current way defense systems are supported.
Wiring is the nervous system of any complex system and is attached to or services nearly every su... more Wiring is the nervous system of any complex system and is attached to or services nearly every subsystem. Damage to optical wiring systems can cause serious interruptions in communication, command and control systems. Electrical wiring faults and failures due to opens, shorts, and arcing probably result in adverse effects to the systems serviced by the wiring. Abnormalities in a system usually can be detected by monitoring some wiring parameter such as vibration, data activity or power consumption. This paper introduces the mapping of wiring to critical functions during system engineering to automatically define the Failure Modes Effects and Criticality Analysis. This mapping can be used to define the sensory processes needed to perform diagnostics during system engineering. This paper also explains the use of Operational Modes and Criticality Effects Analysis in the development of Sentient Wiring Systems as a means for diagnostic, prognostics and health management of wiring in aerospace and transportation systems.
IDA publishes the following documents to report the results ot Its work. Reports Reports are the ... more IDA publishes the following documents to report the results ot Its work. Reports Reports are the most authoritative and most carefully considered products IDA publishes. They normally embody results ot major projects which (a) have a direct bearing on decisions affecting major programs, (b) address issues of significant concern to the Executive Branch, the Congress and/or the public, or (c) address issues that have significant economic implications. IDA Reports are reviewed by outside panels of experts to ensure their high quality and relevance to the problems studied, and they are released by the President of IDA. Group Reports Group Reports record the findings and results of IDA established working groups and panels composed of senior individuals addressing major issues which otherwise would be the subject of an IDA Report. IDA Group Reports are reviewed by the senior individuals responsible for the project and others as selected by IDA to ensure their high quality and relevance to the problems studied, and are released by the President of IDA. Papers Papers, also authoritative and carefully considered products of IDA, address studies that are narrower in scope than those covered in Reports. IDA Papers are reviewed to ensure that they meet the high standards expected of refereed papers in professional journals or formal Agency reports. Documents IDA Documents are used for the convenience of the sponsors or the analysts (a) to record substantive work done in quick reaction studies, (b) to record the proceedings of conferences and meetings, (c) to make available preliminary and tentative results of analyses, (d) to record data developed in the course of an investigation, or (e) to forward information that is essentially unanalyzed and unevaluated. The review of IDA Documents
Through the New Mexico Small Business Assistance Program, Sandia National Laboratories worked wit... more Through the New Mexico Small Business Assistance Program, Sandia National Laboratories worked with Sentient Business Systems, Inc. to develop and test a novel photovoltaic (PV) arcfault detection system. The system operates by pairing translucent polymeric fiber optic sensors with electrical circuitry so that any external abrasion to the system or internal heating causes the fiber optic connection to fail or detectably degrade. A periodic pulse of light is sent through the optical path using a transmitter-receiver pair. If the receiver does not detect the pulse, an alarm is sounded and the PV system can be de-energized. This technology has the unique ability to prognostically determine impending failures to the electrical system in two ways: (a) the optical connection is severed prior to physical abrasion or cutting of PV DC electrical conductors, and (b) the polymeric fiber optic cable melts via Joule heating before an arc-fault is established through corrosion. Three arc-faults were created in different configurations found in PV systems with the integrated fiber optic system to determine the feasibility of the technology. In each case, the fiber optic cable was broken and the system annunciated the fault.
... meeting in September 2000, Captain Jim Shaw, a Delta pilot and representative of the Air Line... more ... meeting in September 2000, Captain Jim Shaw, a Delta pilot and representative of the Air Line Pilots Association (ALPA), reported that ... from physical abuse, chemicals and water, heating and other environmental factors such as air pollution, salt-water spray, and acid rain. ...
This study examines a distributed execution system composed of C51-based miniaturized computing d... more This study examines a distributed execution system composed of C51-based miniaturized computing devices called advanced instrument controllers (AICs). Developed by Phillips Laboratories and taking up roughly the space of a postage stamp, AICs combine a digital signal processor with 128K of EEPROM, 128K of RAM, 32 analog input channels, 8 analog channels, and 6 communication ports in a radiation-hardened package. The distributed execution system uses AICs with a task distribution system called MOM, and a planning tool called generational scheduling. MOM is a fault-tolerant support system executing across distributed, heterogeneous network of processing elements which has the ability to diagnose faults, identify recovery of nodes, and rollback lost jobs. Generational scheduling (GS) is simplistic yet effective scheme for dynamically scheduling dependent tasks in a near-optimal manner on available resources. By using AICs, MOM, and GS a self-organizing and self-compensating execution environment is obtained.
The DoD procurement account fell by more than 70% during the past decade. The cost associated wit... more The DoD procurement account fell by more than 70% during the past decade. The cost associated with rotorcraft design, analysis, testing, training, and support, using current techniques, promises to escalate in the predicted hostile fiscal environment of the 21 st century. This cost must be reduced through the use of credible simulation and other analytical options. Conventional multi-service air vehicle flight testing is becoming more expensive and the test results may uncover problems late in the acquisition cycle, where making changes can be both costly and time consuming. Mission rehearsal training is normally conducted on operational flight trainers far removed from the battlefield site. A need exists to conduct joint service air vehicle testing analytically first, and to do mission rehearsal training at deployed sites. A need also exists to help integrate the design and test phases of the aircraft acquisition cycle and to do 21 st century flight testing better, faster, cheaper, and safer. The Joint Enhanced Rotorcraft Test and Operational Capability (JERTOC) concept was formulated as one approach to help realize the generic better/faster/cheaper/safer criteria applied to test and evaluation (T&E), as well as, to help achieve local flight test objectives of reducing T&E cost and cycle time. The JERTOC concept involves testing and evaluating advanced technology programs available in the 21 st century in aircraft and engine simulation modeling, design, test planning, and test reporting to better support acquisition, testing and training in an integrated environment. An initial goal of this program concept is to develop the capability to do analytically in one month what might currently take more than a year of actual air vehicle flight testing. A final goal includes using the capability of a high performance computing (HPC) center to analytically run a helicopter air vehicle test program in one 24 hr period. This advanced capability would not be used to DTIC ES srflSSG'.
Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corpora... more Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Approved for public release; further dissemination unlimited.
This paper presents an overview of emerging technology components that in combination form a low ... more This paper presents an overview of emerging technology components that in combination form a low cost embedded computing infrastructure and framework for embedded instrumentation (EI) for VHMS. The paper will present how the EI technology adds Real Time - VHMS with very low weight (or even weight savings) in legacy and new air, ground and sea platforms. First the authors will describe the need, customer requirements, and benefits for adding EI for VHMS to old and new platforms. Next the authors will describe the barriers often encountered by developers of current EI VHMS concepts, i.e., safety issues, software development, installation and use certification, data analysis, support centers and life cycle cost. Next the authors will present how these barriers are being overcome with an initial application for ground vehicles using the new EI architecture to provide real-time VHMS. Next the authors will present how a well constructed general purpose EI framework can be defined that reduces development time and minimizes installed weight as well addressing other issues. The authors will explain its open architecture with features such as user defined real-time data collection, data storage, custom analyses, and publish/ subscribe environment that accommodates updates, messages, alerts and off loading. Finally, the paper will end with examples of snap-in connectors and designed in "smart wiring" based approaches that have been developed with MDA Airborne Laser, Army, and Navy funding. This technology is being advanced to field testing on Army ground vehicles to pave the way for application to military and commercial aircraft.
L'invention porte sur un systeme pour une protection autonome contre des incendies et un choc... more L'invention porte sur un systeme pour une protection autonome contre des incendies et un choc electrique des composants utilises dans la construction de reseaux photovoltaiques. Le systeme detecte des conditions qui, laissees sans surveillance, entrainent une conflagration de materiaux combustibles et une electrification non souhaitee. Le systeme fournit un mecanisme de commande active qui fonctionne de maniere a mettre hors ligne des composants defectueux et a fournir ainsi une protection contre les risques d'incendie et d'electrification qui pourraient autrement se produire. Le systeme fournit egalement une annonce et une notification lorsque des actions sont effectuees. Le systeme peut etre utilise pour determiner que les elements structurels inflammables d'un module photovoltaique (PV) sont en danger de conflagration en raison de la chaleur intense d'un plasma produit par un arc de courant continu (CC) au niveau d'un point dans le reseau de conducteurs qu...
Proceedings., Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium
The use of electronic notebooks is a generic and necessary step to automated design engineering. ... more The use of electronic notebooks is a generic and necessary step to automated design engineering. With the use of a workstation notebook, the flow of data and graphics can be unified into a firm point of documentation. The data obtained about individual design items (assemblies) can be further centralized into a resident workstation containing all known design knowledge. The author presents one implementation using off-the-shelf hardware and software that enables customers, manufacturers, designers, and users to participate in formation of dynamic engineering notebooks and perhaps have a say in what a good notebook should contain.<<ETX>>
Abstract : This paper presents the state of the art in real time reactive supervision using micro... more Abstract : This paper presents the state of the art in real time reactive supervision using micro-module sensors. The paper will show how automatic test equipment is becoming more and more an anachronism as the Joint Strike Fighter Prognostic Health Management (PHM) team forges new links that connect onboard, event based diagnostics and prognostics to ground-based support. The paper will discuss how on-aircraft PHM combines micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) and micro-electro-optical systems (MEOS) with prognostic microprocessors to sense, detect, consider, prognose, message and perhaps correct problems. The paper will explain how miniature electronic technology (E.T.) will use web based JAVA technology to receive rules for PHM and send results of PHM via downlink to the Joint Distributed Information System. (JDIS) The paper will show how E.T. is embedded in the wiring, cables and connectors that are the life lines of the electronic systems, and how E.T. will be fused into mechanical structures to detect aging and battle damage. Finally, the paper will describe the cost benefits that result from radically changing the current way defense systems are supported.
Wiring is the nervous system of any complex system and is attached to or services nearly every su... more Wiring is the nervous system of any complex system and is attached to or services nearly every subsystem. Damage to optical wiring systems can cause serious interruptions in communication, command and control systems. Electrical wiring faults and failures due to opens, shorts, and arcing probably result in adverse effects to the systems serviced by the wiring. Abnormalities in a system usually can be detected by monitoring some wiring parameter such as vibration, data activity or power consumption. This paper introduces the mapping of wiring to critical functions during system engineering to automatically define the Failure Modes Effects and Criticality Analysis. This mapping can be used to define the sensory processes needed to perform diagnostics during system engineering. This paper also explains the use of Operational Modes and Criticality Effects Analysis in the development of Sentient Wiring Systems as a means for diagnostic, prognostics and health management of wiring in aerospace and transportation systems.
IDA publishes the following documents to report the results ot Its work. Reports Reports are the ... more IDA publishes the following documents to report the results ot Its work. Reports Reports are the most authoritative and most carefully considered products IDA publishes. They normally embody results ot major projects which (a) have a direct bearing on decisions affecting major programs, (b) address issues of significant concern to the Executive Branch, the Congress and/or the public, or (c) address issues that have significant economic implications. IDA Reports are reviewed by outside panels of experts to ensure their high quality and relevance to the problems studied, and they are released by the President of IDA. Group Reports Group Reports record the findings and results of IDA established working groups and panels composed of senior individuals addressing major issues which otherwise would be the subject of an IDA Report. IDA Group Reports are reviewed by the senior individuals responsible for the project and others as selected by IDA to ensure their high quality and relevance to the problems studied, and are released by the President of IDA. Papers Papers, also authoritative and carefully considered products of IDA, address studies that are narrower in scope than those covered in Reports. IDA Papers are reviewed to ensure that they meet the high standards expected of refereed papers in professional journals or formal Agency reports. Documents IDA Documents are used for the convenience of the sponsors or the analysts (a) to record substantive work done in quick reaction studies, (b) to record the proceedings of conferences and meetings, (c) to make available preliminary and tentative results of analyses, (d) to record data developed in the course of an investigation, or (e) to forward information that is essentially unanalyzed and unevaluated. The review of IDA Documents
Through the New Mexico Small Business Assistance Program, Sandia National Laboratories worked wit... more Through the New Mexico Small Business Assistance Program, Sandia National Laboratories worked with Sentient Business Systems, Inc. to develop and test a novel photovoltaic (PV) arcfault detection system. The system operates by pairing translucent polymeric fiber optic sensors with electrical circuitry so that any external abrasion to the system or internal heating causes the fiber optic connection to fail or detectably degrade. A periodic pulse of light is sent through the optical path using a transmitter-receiver pair. If the receiver does not detect the pulse, an alarm is sounded and the PV system can be de-energized. This technology has the unique ability to prognostically determine impending failures to the electrical system in two ways: (a) the optical connection is severed prior to physical abrasion or cutting of PV DC electrical conductors, and (b) the polymeric fiber optic cable melts via Joule heating before an arc-fault is established through corrosion. Three arc-faults were created in different configurations found in PV systems with the integrated fiber optic system to determine the feasibility of the technology. In each case, the fiber optic cable was broken and the system annunciated the fault.
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Papers by Kenneth Blemel