Papers by MariAnne Karlsson
IADIS international journal on computers science and information systems, 2018
Knowledge is lacking on the choice and use of representations in a design process when seeking to... more Knowledge is lacking on the choice and use of representations in a design process when seeking to investigate user experiences. Two types of representations (a storyboard and an interactive prototype) of the same system were used in a user experience evaluation involving 24 participants to investigate how different representation formats influence participants' responses to interactive systems. Data from a questionnaire and individual interviews were compared. Very few differences in questionnaire responses were found. However, the interactive prototype gave rise to more design proposals as well as more personal reflections on experiences although with a focus on interface design details. The storyboard elicited more responses on the core ideas of the concept, but less grounded in reflections on personal use. The differences are attributed to how each representation managed to convey interactivity and context, resulting in differences in experienced agency. It is therefore suggested that there is a need for further research, but with less focus on the type of system representation and more focus on how the content and affordances of system representations can be designed to elicit rich and personal reflections on user experience in early design phases.
Knowledge is lacking on the choice and use of representations in a design process when seeking to... more Knowledge is lacking on the choice and use of representations in a design process when seeking to investigate user experiences. Two types of representations (a storyboard and an interactive prototype) of the same system were employed in a user experience evaluation to investigate how different representation formats influence participants' responses to interactive systems. The interactive prototype gave rise to more design proposals as well as more personal reflections on experiences although with a focus on interface design details. The storyboard elicited more responses on the core ideas of the concept, but less grounded in reflections on personal use. The differences are attributed to how each representation managed to convey interactivity and context, resulting in differences in experienced agency. There is a need for further research, but with less focus on the type of system representation and more focus on how the content and affordances of system representations can be designed to elicit rich and personal reflections on user experience in early design phases.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2015
Experiential approaches to technology create opportunities for facilitating a wider range of in-c... more Experiential approaches to technology create opportunities for facilitating a wider range of in-car user experiences, however holistic knowledge regarding experiences that car users find enjoyable is lacking. We present the experience themes of the car as a caretaker, the car as a space for relatedness, the car as a space for stimulation, and the car as a space for transition, collected through a holistic study of 16 drivers, using contextual interviews, reflexive photography and the UX curve method. The use of the themes is exemplified through a design example. The experience themes can help designers empathize with users and create design solutions that can support positive in-car experiences, while the methodology used, serves as an example of how user’s experiences with technology can be studied.
The importance of understanding the temporal aspects of user experience (UX) has been recognized ... more The importance of understanding the temporal aspects of user experience (UX) has been recognized by the research community as well as by industry. Two studies of cars were performed to further investigate the temporality of user experience. In total 27 drivers participated in the studies; one study was retrospective investigating past experiences of cars, and one was prospective, researching expectations on future autonomous cars. A mix of qualitative methods was employed, encouraging the participants' reflections through mediation by creative elements. Overlapping themes in the studies were found, and a tentative model was developed based on a temporal sequence in terms of Aquaintancing, Using and Transforming. By breaking down the temporality of user experience into sequences and defining the aspects of UX characterizing each sequence, it is suggested that designers and researchers can be helped in understanding and approaching experiences at these different stages.
Chapter 3: summarizes the results of the Roadmap workshop series. This includes MaaS vision, impa... more Chapter 3: summarizes the results of the Roadmap workshop series. This includes MaaS vision, impact assessment, national Roadmap 2025, and consolidation and implementation workshops. Chapter 4: presents the MaaS ecosystem updated from MAASiFiE Deliverable Nr 3 based on consolidation and implementation workshop input. Chapter 5: discusses MaaS business and revenue aspects based on the business models presented in Deliverable Nr 3. Chapter 6: presents the conclusion of the MAASiFiE project.
Transportation, 2018
A Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) concept, UbiGo, was implemented in Gothenburg, Sweden, and used fo... more A Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) concept, UbiGo, was implemented in Gothenburg, Sweden, and used for a 6-month period by 195 individuals in 83 households. Four participant subgroups were identified: Car shedders, Car accessors, Simplifiers, and Economizers. A qualitative analysis revealed that the subgroups had different reasons to join the service and different expectations of the change that would occur on the basis of the altered preconditions offered by the service. Previous car users reduced their use of private car and increased their use of public transport and active modes. Participants who did not have access to a privately-owned car but thought they needed one discovered that they managed well without. Other participants were reinforced in their existing behaviors but in ways they did not envisage, depending on which goals they had at the outset of the trial. Overall, the participants were also satisfied with the service, as well as with stated changes and nonchanges, even if this in some cases meant more planning. Based on the empirical findings it could be argued that a service approach, such as UbiGo, has the potential to reduce the need for private car ownership, and enable people to change their mode choices and travel patterns. The potential relies however on a number of specific features of the service of which flexibility and a need-rather than a mode-based approach are key features.
Advances in Human-Computer Interaction, 2017
There is a need for appropriate evaluation methods to efficiently identify and counteract usabili... more There is a need for appropriate evaluation methods to efficiently identify and counteract usability issues early in the development process. The aim of this study was to investigate how product developers assessed a new theoretical method for identifying usability problems and use errors. Two cases where the method had been applied were selected and the users of the method in them were asked to fill in a questionnaire and were then interviewed about their experiences of using the method. Overall, the participants (students and professionals) found the methods useful and their outcome trustworthy. At the same time, the methods were assessed as difficult to learn and as cumbersome and tedious to use. Nevertheless, both students and professionals thought that the methods would be useful in future development work. Suggestions for further improvement included provision of further instructions, for example, on how to adapt the methods and development of an IT-support tool.
The aim of this paper is to present and discuss changes in users’ travel behavior and mode choice... more The aim of this paper is to present and discuss changes in users’ travel behavior and mode choice during in the six-month Field Operational Test (FOT) of the UbiGo transport broker service in Gothenburg, Sweden. Four user groups are analyzed – car “shedders”, car “keepers”, already carsharing, and car “accessors” – based on data collected via questionnaires, interviews, and travel diaries. Findings suggest that although some groups sought or achieved change more than others, each group’s mode choice shifted in a more sustainable direction, and these changes were perceived positively and with high satisfaction with the service. Despite the user groups’ differing motivations, behaviors, and experiences, the FOT results illustrate that a holistic approach to mobility, in this case a personalized “transportation smorgasbord” package of integrated services, can offer “something to everyone” and promote broader change.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2015
Experiential approaches to technology create opportunities for facilitating a wider range of in-c... more Experiential approaches to technology create opportunities for facilitating a wider range of in-car user experiences, however holistic knowledge regarding experiences that car users find enjoyable is lacking. We present the experience themes of the car as a caretaker, the car as a space for relatedness, the car as a space for stimulation, and the car as a space for transition, collected through a holistic study of 16 drivers, using contextual interviews, reflexive photography and the UX curve method. The use of the themes is exemplified through a design example. The experience themes can help designers empathize with users and create design solutions that can support positive in-car experiences, while the methodology used, serves as an example of how user’s experiences with technology can be studied.
Transport and Telecommunication Journal, 2015
ICT-mediated traffic information has been argued to contribute to a more sustainable transport sy... more ICT-mediated traffic information has been argued to contribute to a more sustainable transport system through affecting drivers. Nevertheless, long-term effects of travellers having access to nomadic in-vehicle systems for traveller information are not well known. This study presents the results from a multi-national large-scale field operational test (FOT). The results show that the users in general were positive to the tested systems and that there were several effects on their driving behaviour but in many cases the effects were limited. Moreover the effects varied between system types. Positive effects were related to comfort, as well as individual and system efficiency. One could also notice that perceived effects were not as high as the participants had expected, leading to some disappointment. Most of the times this was due to the tested systems functioning in a less than optimal way.
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2012
Potential increases in transport system efficiency by introducing systems for traveller informati... more Potential increases in transport system efficiency by introducing systems for traveller information is dependent on the uptake of the travellers. A co-modal travel planner, combining both private and public modes of transport, was introduced in Stockholm, Sweden, in 2009. The results of two consecutive surveys to travellers show that the information provided by the travel planner was trusted but the perceived value of the service decreased over time. The service had been re-used by less than 40% of the respondents. Nine per cent of the travellers claimed to have increased their use of public transportation as a consequence of their access to the travel planner. At the same time only one individual stated to use the car less often.
Allt material är skyddat genom upphovsrätten och får inte användas i kommersiellt syfte. Texten f... more Allt material är skyddat genom upphovsrätten och får inte användas i kommersiellt syfte. Texten får användas för eget bruk men källan måste anges. Källa: www.vardalinstitutet.net, Tematiska rum.
rapport nr.: CFK- …, 2007
rapport nr.: CFK- …, 2005
Föreliggande rapport ingår i projektet Den mångdimensionella matkonsumenten. Värderingar och bete... more Föreliggande rapport ingår i projektet Den mångdimensionella matkonsumenten. Värderingar och beteenden hos konsumenter 55+. Projektet är ett institutions-och fakultetsövergripande samarbete mellan forskare från etnologi, företagsekonomi, hushållsvetenskap och ...
FE rapport, 2001
The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of customer orientation in a small sample... more The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of customer orientation in a small sample of Swedish SME's. In-depth interviews were carried out with product developers in four companies from three different product areas. The questions posed concerned the company's overall ...
Intelligent Agents, 2001
SwePub titelinformation: Usability and Beyond. Experiential aspects of Web Interaction.
Usability of technical equipment is pre-requisite for the successful introduction of users with i... more Usability of technical equipment is pre-requisite for the successful introduction of users with intellectual disabilities on the labour market. In this project, an iterative user-oriented product development process was applied in order to develop a new user interface for a cash register to be ...
Transportation Research Part F-traffic Psychology and Behaviour, Nov 1, 2015
Research in cycling safety seeks to better understand bicycle-related crashes and injuries. The p... more Research in cycling safety seeks to better understand bicycle-related crashes and injuries. The present naturalistic cycling study contributes to this research by collecting data about bicyclists' behavior and impressions of safety-critical situations, information unavailable in traditional data sources (e.g., accident databases, observational studies). Naturalistic data were collected from 16 bicyclists (8 female; M = 39.1 years, SD = 11.4 years) who rode instrumented bicycles for two weeks. Bicyclists were instructed to report all episodes in which they felt uncomfortable while riding (subjective risk perception), even if they didn't fall. After data collection, the bicyclists were interviewed in detail regarding their selfreported safety-critical events. Environmental conditions were also recorded via video (e.g., road surface, weather). In total, 63 safety-critical events (56 non-crashes, 7 crashes) were reported by the bicyclists, mainly due to interactions with other road users-but also due to poorly maintained infrastructure. In low-visibility conditions, vehicle-bicycle and bicycle-bicycle events were the most uncomfortable for the bicyclists. Self-reported pedestrian-bicycle events primarily consisted of pedestrians starting to cross the bicycle path without looking. With one exception, all crashes found in the study belonged to poorly maintained road and infrastructure. In particular, construction work or obstacles in the bicycle path were reported as uncomfortable and annoying by the bicyclists. This study shows how naturalistic data and bicyclists' interviews together can provide a more informative picture of safety-critical situations experienced by the bicyclist than traditional data sources can.
Applied Ergonomics, Jun 1, 1989
For the elderly long-term-care patient it is of great psychological and practical importance to b... more For the elderly long-term-care patient it is of great psychological and practical importance to be able to dress and undress without assistance. However, the design and position of clothing fasteners often lead to a restriction of the functional capacity of the patient. The aim of this study was to facilitate a more independent daily life for long-term care patients. New fasteners were developed in accordance with a user-oriented product development process where a detailed knowledge of the final users and their capacity and limitations, problems, needs and wishes form the basis for further development. In an initial experimental study (I) the practical use of different standard clothing fasteners (button, hook and eye, nylon pressure tape and zipper) was evaluated. Different fasteners and positions are favourable to different patient groups. Wrist angle in different hand positions is crucial for the function of fasteners for persons with reduced hand function. User demands on clothing fasteners were specified and prototypes developed. In a subsequent study (II) an adapted oval button and a 'finger strap' alternative to hook-and-eye were designed and evaluated, together with a standard button. The oval button in combination with a vertical buttonhole improved the function for most patients, and the front position for the fasteners was superior to a diagonal or lateral position on the chest. The finger strap was of advantage to patients with hemiplegia and joint complaints but was difficult for many of the subjects to understand, being a technical innovation.
Emotions are one important aspect of how we experience artefacts. The question is what influences... more Emotions are one important aspect of how we experience artefacts. The question is what influences these emotions? As the first of a series of studies addressing this issue, a Focus Group session has been conducted. The participants were all adult consumers, men and women, in different ages. The topics investigated in the interviews concerned what emotions are associated with artefacts, and what product characteristics may have evoked these emotions, as well as more open-ended questions about other influencers of emotions. The results were descriptions of situations in which the participants had experienced emotions related to artefacts and the design of artefacts, as well as a list of factors expected to influence the emotive response to products. The results have been analysed in order to describe the source(s) of the emotion related to artefacts, i.e. whether the emotions may be attributed to the artefact or other factors. The participants' comments tell us that the artefact in itself cannot always explain their experiences with products. The activity in which the products are used and contextual factors play an important role, as do the individual characteristics of the user.
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Papers by MariAnne Karlsson