A synthetic novel strategy involving a pseudo-three-component reaction to obtain 1,6-dihydroazaaz... more A synthetic novel strategy involving a pseudo-three-component reaction to obtain 1,6-dihydroazaazulenes derivates via cyclization of pyrrolyl-enones was developed. This reaction is carried out under mild conditions from simple starting materials and catalyzed with ionic liquid. Notably, three new C–C bonds are formed in the one-pot process. The target molecules are of interest in medicinal chemistry as they contain a privileged scaffold and are considered indole homologues.
Coca Cola Cero®: agua carbonatada, color caramel, acido fosforico como acidulante, aspartame y ac... more Coca Cola Cero®: agua carbonatada, color caramel, acido fosforico como acidulante, aspartame y acesulfame k como educolorantes, saborizantes (incluyendo cafeina), benzoate de sodio como preservante y citrate de sodio como regulardor de acidez. Carbonated Beverages-Mexico Coca Cola ®: Agua carbonatada, azucares y concentrados coca cola Coca Cola Light ®: Agua carbonatada, concentrados coca cola light, mezcla de asparartame y acesulfame k (40mg/100g) Carbonated Beverages-Thailand Coca Cola®: carbonated water, sugar, coca cola syrup Coca Cola Light ®: carbonated water, coca cola light syrup, aspartame, acesulfame K, sucralose Carbonated Beverages-USA Coca Cola® Classic: carbonated water, high fructose corn syrup, caramel color, phosphoric acid, natural flavors, caffeine Diet Coke ®: carbonated water, caramel color, aspartame, phosphoric acid, potassium benzoate, natural flavors, citric acid, caffeine
RESUMEN El siguiente trabajo tiene como objetivo mostrar el proceso desarrollado en el proyecto d... more RESUMEN El siguiente trabajo tiene como objetivo mostrar el proceso desarrollado en el proyecto de extensión: "Unila a su alcance" en donde se promovió la difusión de formas de ingreso en las universidades públicas y la Universidad Federal de Integração Latino-americana (UNILA) por medio de campañas de información y seminarios en las escuelas públicas de educación media de Foz do Iguaçu. Además, en algunas escuelas de ciudades de Argentina, Paraguay. En ese sentido se desarrolló una gestión de base de datos con la que se contactó a las escuelas a través de correo electrónico y llamadas telefónicas logrando la posterior visita a las instituciones educativas. Por otro lado, se distribuyeron los kits de información, se organizó la conversa activa, formando grupos de trabajo que sirven para crear una visión general de la propuesta educativa UNILA. Finalmente, se logró la visita de los colegios en los que se vio el interés de directivos por ser parte de la propuesta de integración y diversidad cultural en la expansión de la universidad, en sus cursos y los proyectos de extensión. Esto ha permitido cambiar preconceptos que se habían creado alrededor de la universidad y a su vez dejar en el estudiante la semilla de unila como una excelente opción a la hora de elegir donde cursará sus estudios universitarios. La propuesta fundamental del proyecto es la divulgación de la Universidad Federal de Integración Latinoamericana, las maneras de ingreso a la educación superior y la ley de cuotas, esto enfocado a las aulas concluyentes de educación media de escuelas públicas. Palavras-chaves: UNILA, universidad pública, formas de ingreso, inclusión social.
Solar flares are extremely energetic outbursts from the sun that are seen as bright flashes in th... more Solar flares are extremely energetic outbursts from the sun that are seen as bright flashes in the extreme ultraviolet, x-ray and gamma ray. They are often associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Both phenomena originate in magnetically active regions in the sun′s atmosphere, and can have significant effects on the Earth and orbiting spacecraft. The photosphere underlies the less opaque chromosphere and corona, where CMEs and flares are formed. There are reports of signatures in the photosphere associated with flares. These are seen as circular wave fronts expanding from the flare site. The purpose of our study is to make high sensitivity measurements to identify and study these signatures. To do this we are using a Doppler/magnetograph imager, which makes images of the velocity and magnetic fields in the photosphere. The instrument views the sun using a heliostat, which uses a rotating mirror to track the sun during the day. The project has involved modifying the tracking sy...
This essay offers a philosophical perspective that, in breaking with both the open and surreptiti... more This essay offers a philosophical perspective that, in breaking with both the open and surreptitious dialectical method still so prominent in academic discourse, follows Heidegger in trying to conceive of a radically non-dialectical manner of approaching affirmation, negation, and neutrality. As with Heidegger, this is attempted through a turn towards art and the “emancipated contingency” that characterizes much creative production. In contrast to action and production within the knowledge economy, the creation of the artwork concerns a knowing of unknowingness (described by Maurice Blanchot as the neutral) that demands a rethink of action in relation to truth and errancy. Indeed, the very working of the work of art is conceived here as a truth that is precisely “set to work” (Heidegger) by errancy. Through a consideration of the essential difference between choice and decision and the different “beginning” of art that this suggests, the essay concludes with some reflections of the ...
Low surface brightness (LSB) disk dwarf galaxies are dark matter dominated down to their core, ma... more Low surface brightness (LSB) disk dwarf galaxies are dark matter dominated down to their core, making their halo density distributions vital in testing cosmological model halo predictions. In this thesis, we characterize the photometric and kinematic properties of four nearby LSB dwarfs, determine if they are good candidates for dark matter halo studies, and provide the tools needed to isolate their dark matter component. We use optical broadband imaging and integral field spectroscopy to obtain photometric images and create 2D velocity maps of each galaxy. Using photometric and kinematic DiskFit models, we derived surface brightness profiles, rotation curves, and disk geometry parameters for each galaxy. We found our sample of dwarf galaxies to be free of bulges, bars, and non-circular motions, making them excellent candidates for future dark matter studies. INDEX WORDS: galaxies: dwarf — galaxies: fundamental parameters — galaxies: — kinematics and dynamics — galaxies: photometry ...
Revista Colombiana de Investigación en Odontología, 2016
Objetivo. El propósito de este estudio es evaluar la caracterización familiar de la erupción pasi... more Objetivo. El propósito de este estudio es evaluar la caracterización familiar de la erupción pasiva alterada. Métodos. Es la segunda parte de un estudio donde de una población total de 654 participantes se evaluaron 546 (excluyéndose 108), de los cuales se encontró que 203, tenían algún tipo de erupción pasiva alterada. De esta población afectada se tomaron 120 estudiantes de Odontología de la Universidad Santiago de Cali y la Universidad del Valle con erupción pasiva alterada de molar a molar. Las variables fueron género, etnia y número de hijos. Se realizó el análisis de frecuencias en el programa SPSS. Resultados. De las 120 madres, estaban 77 afectadas (64%) y 43 no (36%). De los 120 padres estaban 8 afectados (7%) y 112 no (93%). De los 137 hermanos (as) evaluados, 86 eran hermanas mujeres de las cuales estaban43 afectadas, (50%) y 43 no (50%); y 51 hermanos hombres de los cuales estaban 12 afectados (23%) y 39 no (76%). De las 120 familias evaluadas, se encontró que el (47%) t...
Se ha reportado que después de un período de privación el consumo de alimento durante el acceso l... more Se ha reportado que después de un período de privación el consumo de alimento durante el acceso libre es mayor que el consumo habitual. Este hallazgo conocido como sobre-ingesta o atracón está relacionado con trastornos alimentarios como la bulimia. Se desconoce si este patrón alimentario se presenta cuando la exposición a los períodos de privación es en orden ascendente o descendente. En el presente estudio se investigó el efecto de la duración de los períodos de privación y el orden de exposición a estos períodos, ascendente o descendente, sobre el peso y el consumo de alimento y agua en ratas. Estos datos se compararon con el consumo durante los períodos de acceso libre. Se utilizaron duraciones cortas, i.e., de una a cuatro horas y duraciones largas del período de privación, i.e., de 20 a 23 horas. Se encontró que el peso aumentó independientemente de la duración de la privación. El consumo de alimento fue menor bajo la privación en comparación con los períodos de acceso libre. ...
The present work aims to analyze, comparatively, the policies for attraction, the activities, the... more The present work aims to analyze, comparatively, the policies for attraction, the activities, the flows and displacement of immigrants in Brazil and Argentina, specifically focusing on the regions of São Paulo and Buenos Aires from 1870 to 1930. We intend to identify, for both countries and regions, the similarities and differences of the implemented policies aimed to attract immigrants; to observe the pattern of the migration flows; and to examine the role of immigrants in the composition of these populations and their role within the economic activities at the rural and urban environments. We also examine the immigrants flow between the ports of Santos and Buenos Aires at the time, analyzing the numbers and place of origin of the immigrants, as well as their motivations, reported by the sources and the historiography. The information and data compiled to produce this study were collected from a variety of research sources: government data, laws, censuses, report statistics, among others. The archives consulted correspond to physical and online collections. This work is divided in three chapters. The sources revealed differences and resemblances between the migratory process to Brazil and Argentina. Throughout the nineteenth century, both in Brazil and Argentina, the governmental debates about the promotion of immigration were guided by the need of populating territories and finding labor to sustain the agro-export agriculture development. In addition to being a solution for the lack of work force on the lands and for the settlement of territories, in both countries the immigration was seen as the pathway to progress, society modernization and population whitening. From 1870 to 1930, considered the period with the higher occurrence of migration, Brazil and Argentina were the countries that received the largest amount of immigrants in Latin America. Brazil received more than 4.1 million of immigrants, while more than 6.2 million went to Argentina. In the period, the subsidy policy, financing the transatlantic travels, accommodation and location in the coffee farms, succeeded in São Paulo state. In Argentina, the spontaneous immigration prevailed. The liberal policies for immigrant attraction and the high weights paid on the wheat and maize harvest seasons also succeeded in attracting foreigners. Sources also revealed a geographic mobility and frequent displacements with a seasonal character by immigrants between São Paulo and Buenos Aires.
À minha orientadora, Cristina Freire, pelo acolhimento, pela generosidade ao compartilhar tantos ... more À minha orientadora, Cristina Freire, pelo acolhimento, pela generosidade ao compartilhar tantos ensinamentos e pela oportunidade de tornar este trabalho possível. Às professoras pela leitura atenciosa, e por aceitarem gentilmente o convite para compor a minha defesa. À Daisy Peccinini e Lisbeth Rebollo, pela valiosa orientação na banca de qualificação.
The induction of functional memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is a major goal of vaccination ... more The induction of functional memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is a major goal of vaccination against intracellular pathogens. Interleukin (IL)-12 is critical for the generation of memory CTLs, and inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) by rapamycin can effectively enhance the memory CTL response. Yet, the role of IL-12 in mTOR's regulation of memory CTL is unknown. Here we hypothesized that the immunostimulatory effects of mTOR on memory CTLs requires IL-12 signaling. Our results revealed that rapamycin increased the generation of memory CTLs in vaccinia virus infection, and this enhancement was dependent upon the IL-12 signal. Furthermore, IL-12 receptor deficiency diminished the secondary expansion of rapamycinregulated memory and resultant secondary memory CTLs were abolished. Rapamycin enhanced IL-12 signaling by upregulating IL-12 receptor b2 expression and signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 4 phosphorylation in CTLs during early infection. In addition, rapamycin continually suppressed T-bet expression in both wild-type and IL-12 receptor knockout CTLs. These results indicate an essential role for IL-12 in the regulation of memory CTLs by mTOR and highlight the importance of considering the interplay between cytokines and adjuvants during vaccine design.
We present the results of a recent reverberation mapping campaign for UGC 06728, a nearby low-lum... more We present the results of a recent reverberation mapping campaign for UGC 06728, a nearby low-luminosity Seyfert 1 in a late-type galaxy. Nightly monitoring in the spring of 2015 allowed us to determine an Hβ time delay of t = 1.4 0.8 days. Combined with the width of the variable Hβ line profile, we determine a black hole mass of = ´ M M 7.1 4.0 10 BH 5 (). We also constrain the bulge stellar velocity dispersion from higher-resolution longslit spectroscopy along the galaxy minor axis and find s = 51.6 4.9 km s −1. The measurements presented here are in good agreement with both the R L BLRrelationship and the s M BHrelationship for active galactic nuclei. Combined with a previously published spin measurement, our mass determination for UGC 06728 makes it the lowest-mass black hole that has been fully characterized, and thus an important object to help anchor the low-mass end of black hole evolutionary models.
The Pediatric infectious disease journal, Jan 31, 2017
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of acute otitis media (AOM). Pneumococcal non-typab... more Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of acute otitis media (AOM). Pneumococcal non-typable Haemophilus influenzae Protein D Conjugate Vaccine (PCV-10) was introduced to the Chilean national immunization program (NIP) in 2011. The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of AOM in children < 24 months of age attending the Emergency Department (ED) of Hospital Sótero del Río (HSR) 4 years before and 4 years after the introduction of PCV-10 in the Chilean NIP. Register-based nested case-control study. Cases (n = 1,907) were all children < 24 months of age with a clinical diagnosis discharge of AOM at the ED of HSR, and controls (n = 244,334) were all other children < 24 months of age attended at the same ED in the same time period, with any other discharge diagnosis. The data were obtained through HSR Statistical Service. In the study period there was a mean of 30,695 children < 24 months managed each year at the ED of HSR. The percentage with AOM in the pre...
The study of the buying motives and attributes have been widely explored in different market sect... more The study of the buying motives and attributes have been widely explored in different market sectors. Companies are, evidently, becoming increasingly concerned with satisfying the needs of their clients, therefore a knowledge of who their clients are, their desires and their profile becomes indispensable. The ecotourism sector is a market sector which is expanding in Brazil, a country with innumerable natural resources which, little by little, are attracting more ecotourists. This work identifies and analyzes the buying motives and attributes considered by ecotourism consumers. The research includes an exploratory phase, in which 12 in-depth interviews were carried out, generating 78 variables, between the attributes and motives. The second phase of the research, the survey, obtained 432 respondents. Descriptive and factorial analyses were carried out, and the averages were also analyzed. The analyses identified the attributes most highly valued by ecotourists in relation to ecotourism destinations, and the motives that lead them to choose these destinations. Among the conclusions presented, it was possible to identify 5 factors among the motives, and 5 among the attributes. This information is valuable for enabling companies in the sector to improve their market positioning.
Preparative biochemistry & biotechnology, Jan 2, 2016
The present study reports the improved enzymatic synthesis of ethyl valerate (green apple flavor)... more The present study reports the improved enzymatic synthesis of ethyl valerate (green apple flavor) by esterification reaction of ethanol and valeric acid in heptane medium. Lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) was immobilized by physical adsorption on poly-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) particles and used as potential biocatalyst. The effect of certain parameters that influence the ester synthesis was evaluated by factorial design. The experimental conditions that maximized the synthesis of ethyl valerate were: 30.5 °C, 18% m/v of biocatalyst (TLL-PHB), absence of molecular sieves, agitation of 234 rpm and 1000 mM of each reactant (ethanol and valeric acid). Under these conditions, conversion percentage ≈ 92% after 105 min of reaction was observed. Soluble TLL was also used as biocatalyst and the highest conversion was of 82% after 120 min of reaction. Esterification reaction performed in a solvent-free system exhibited conversion of 13% after 45 min of reaction catalyzed by immobilized ...
A synthetic novel strategy involving a pseudo-three-component reaction to obtain 1,6-dihydroazaaz... more A synthetic novel strategy involving a pseudo-three-component reaction to obtain 1,6-dihydroazaazulenes derivates via cyclization of pyrrolyl-enones was developed. This reaction is carried out under mild conditions from simple starting materials and catalyzed with ionic liquid. Notably, three new C–C bonds are formed in the one-pot process. The target molecules are of interest in medicinal chemistry as they contain a privileged scaffold and are considered indole homologues.
Coca Cola Cero®: agua carbonatada, color caramel, acido fosforico como acidulante, aspartame y ac... more Coca Cola Cero®: agua carbonatada, color caramel, acido fosforico como acidulante, aspartame y acesulfame k como educolorantes, saborizantes (incluyendo cafeina), benzoate de sodio como preservante y citrate de sodio como regulardor de acidez. Carbonated Beverages-Mexico Coca Cola ®: Agua carbonatada, azucares y concentrados coca cola Coca Cola Light ®: Agua carbonatada, concentrados coca cola light, mezcla de asparartame y acesulfame k (40mg/100g) Carbonated Beverages-Thailand Coca Cola®: carbonated water, sugar, coca cola syrup Coca Cola Light ®: carbonated water, coca cola light syrup, aspartame, acesulfame K, sucralose Carbonated Beverages-USA Coca Cola® Classic: carbonated water, high fructose corn syrup, caramel color, phosphoric acid, natural flavors, caffeine Diet Coke ®: carbonated water, caramel color, aspartame, phosphoric acid, potassium benzoate, natural flavors, citric acid, caffeine
RESUMEN El siguiente trabajo tiene como objetivo mostrar el proceso desarrollado en el proyecto d... more RESUMEN El siguiente trabajo tiene como objetivo mostrar el proceso desarrollado en el proyecto de extensión: "Unila a su alcance" en donde se promovió la difusión de formas de ingreso en las universidades públicas y la Universidad Federal de Integração Latino-americana (UNILA) por medio de campañas de información y seminarios en las escuelas públicas de educación media de Foz do Iguaçu. Además, en algunas escuelas de ciudades de Argentina, Paraguay. En ese sentido se desarrolló una gestión de base de datos con la que se contactó a las escuelas a través de correo electrónico y llamadas telefónicas logrando la posterior visita a las instituciones educativas. Por otro lado, se distribuyeron los kits de información, se organizó la conversa activa, formando grupos de trabajo que sirven para crear una visión general de la propuesta educativa UNILA. Finalmente, se logró la visita de los colegios en los que se vio el interés de directivos por ser parte de la propuesta de integración y diversidad cultural en la expansión de la universidad, en sus cursos y los proyectos de extensión. Esto ha permitido cambiar preconceptos que se habían creado alrededor de la universidad y a su vez dejar en el estudiante la semilla de unila como una excelente opción a la hora de elegir donde cursará sus estudios universitarios. La propuesta fundamental del proyecto es la divulgación de la Universidad Federal de Integración Latinoamericana, las maneras de ingreso a la educación superior y la ley de cuotas, esto enfocado a las aulas concluyentes de educación media de escuelas públicas. Palavras-chaves: UNILA, universidad pública, formas de ingreso, inclusión social.
Solar flares are extremely energetic outbursts from the sun that are seen as bright flashes in th... more Solar flares are extremely energetic outbursts from the sun that are seen as bright flashes in the extreme ultraviolet, x-ray and gamma ray. They are often associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Both phenomena originate in magnetically active regions in the sun′s atmosphere, and can have significant effects on the Earth and orbiting spacecraft. The photosphere underlies the less opaque chromosphere and corona, where CMEs and flares are formed. There are reports of signatures in the photosphere associated with flares. These are seen as circular wave fronts expanding from the flare site. The purpose of our study is to make high sensitivity measurements to identify and study these signatures. To do this we are using a Doppler/magnetograph imager, which makes images of the velocity and magnetic fields in the photosphere. The instrument views the sun using a heliostat, which uses a rotating mirror to track the sun during the day. The project has involved modifying the tracking sy...
This essay offers a philosophical perspective that, in breaking with both the open and surreptiti... more This essay offers a philosophical perspective that, in breaking with both the open and surreptitious dialectical method still so prominent in academic discourse, follows Heidegger in trying to conceive of a radically non-dialectical manner of approaching affirmation, negation, and neutrality. As with Heidegger, this is attempted through a turn towards art and the “emancipated contingency” that characterizes much creative production. In contrast to action and production within the knowledge economy, the creation of the artwork concerns a knowing of unknowingness (described by Maurice Blanchot as the neutral) that demands a rethink of action in relation to truth and errancy. Indeed, the very working of the work of art is conceived here as a truth that is precisely “set to work” (Heidegger) by errancy. Through a consideration of the essential difference between choice and decision and the different “beginning” of art that this suggests, the essay concludes with some reflections of the ...
Low surface brightness (LSB) disk dwarf galaxies are dark matter dominated down to their core, ma... more Low surface brightness (LSB) disk dwarf galaxies are dark matter dominated down to their core, making their halo density distributions vital in testing cosmological model halo predictions. In this thesis, we characterize the photometric and kinematic properties of four nearby LSB dwarfs, determine if they are good candidates for dark matter halo studies, and provide the tools needed to isolate their dark matter component. We use optical broadband imaging and integral field spectroscopy to obtain photometric images and create 2D velocity maps of each galaxy. Using photometric and kinematic DiskFit models, we derived surface brightness profiles, rotation curves, and disk geometry parameters for each galaxy. We found our sample of dwarf galaxies to be free of bulges, bars, and non-circular motions, making them excellent candidates for future dark matter studies. INDEX WORDS: galaxies: dwarf — galaxies: fundamental parameters — galaxies: — kinematics and dynamics — galaxies: photometry ...
Revista Colombiana de Investigación en Odontología, 2016
Objetivo. El propósito de este estudio es evaluar la caracterización familiar de la erupción pasi... more Objetivo. El propósito de este estudio es evaluar la caracterización familiar de la erupción pasiva alterada. Métodos. Es la segunda parte de un estudio donde de una población total de 654 participantes se evaluaron 546 (excluyéndose 108), de los cuales se encontró que 203, tenían algún tipo de erupción pasiva alterada. De esta población afectada se tomaron 120 estudiantes de Odontología de la Universidad Santiago de Cali y la Universidad del Valle con erupción pasiva alterada de molar a molar. Las variables fueron género, etnia y número de hijos. Se realizó el análisis de frecuencias en el programa SPSS. Resultados. De las 120 madres, estaban 77 afectadas (64%) y 43 no (36%). De los 120 padres estaban 8 afectados (7%) y 112 no (93%). De los 137 hermanos (as) evaluados, 86 eran hermanas mujeres de las cuales estaban43 afectadas, (50%) y 43 no (50%); y 51 hermanos hombres de los cuales estaban 12 afectados (23%) y 39 no (76%). De las 120 familias evaluadas, se encontró que el (47%) t...
Se ha reportado que después de un período de privación el consumo de alimento durante el acceso l... more Se ha reportado que después de un período de privación el consumo de alimento durante el acceso libre es mayor que el consumo habitual. Este hallazgo conocido como sobre-ingesta o atracón está relacionado con trastornos alimentarios como la bulimia. Se desconoce si este patrón alimentario se presenta cuando la exposición a los períodos de privación es en orden ascendente o descendente. En el presente estudio se investigó el efecto de la duración de los períodos de privación y el orden de exposición a estos períodos, ascendente o descendente, sobre el peso y el consumo de alimento y agua en ratas. Estos datos se compararon con el consumo durante los períodos de acceso libre. Se utilizaron duraciones cortas, i.e., de una a cuatro horas y duraciones largas del período de privación, i.e., de 20 a 23 horas. Se encontró que el peso aumentó independientemente de la duración de la privación. El consumo de alimento fue menor bajo la privación en comparación con los períodos de acceso libre. ...
The present work aims to analyze, comparatively, the policies for attraction, the activities, the... more The present work aims to analyze, comparatively, the policies for attraction, the activities, the flows and displacement of immigrants in Brazil and Argentina, specifically focusing on the regions of São Paulo and Buenos Aires from 1870 to 1930. We intend to identify, for both countries and regions, the similarities and differences of the implemented policies aimed to attract immigrants; to observe the pattern of the migration flows; and to examine the role of immigrants in the composition of these populations and their role within the economic activities at the rural and urban environments. We also examine the immigrants flow between the ports of Santos and Buenos Aires at the time, analyzing the numbers and place of origin of the immigrants, as well as their motivations, reported by the sources and the historiography. The information and data compiled to produce this study were collected from a variety of research sources: government data, laws, censuses, report statistics, among others. The archives consulted correspond to physical and online collections. This work is divided in three chapters. The sources revealed differences and resemblances between the migratory process to Brazil and Argentina. Throughout the nineteenth century, both in Brazil and Argentina, the governmental debates about the promotion of immigration were guided by the need of populating territories and finding labor to sustain the agro-export agriculture development. In addition to being a solution for the lack of work force on the lands and for the settlement of territories, in both countries the immigration was seen as the pathway to progress, society modernization and population whitening. From 1870 to 1930, considered the period with the higher occurrence of migration, Brazil and Argentina were the countries that received the largest amount of immigrants in Latin America. Brazil received more than 4.1 million of immigrants, while more than 6.2 million went to Argentina. In the period, the subsidy policy, financing the transatlantic travels, accommodation and location in the coffee farms, succeeded in São Paulo state. In Argentina, the spontaneous immigration prevailed. The liberal policies for immigrant attraction and the high weights paid on the wheat and maize harvest seasons also succeeded in attracting foreigners. Sources also revealed a geographic mobility and frequent displacements with a seasonal character by immigrants between São Paulo and Buenos Aires.
À minha orientadora, Cristina Freire, pelo acolhimento, pela generosidade ao compartilhar tantos ... more À minha orientadora, Cristina Freire, pelo acolhimento, pela generosidade ao compartilhar tantos ensinamentos e pela oportunidade de tornar este trabalho possível. Às professoras pela leitura atenciosa, e por aceitarem gentilmente o convite para compor a minha defesa. À Daisy Peccinini e Lisbeth Rebollo, pela valiosa orientação na banca de qualificação.
The induction of functional memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is a major goal of vaccination ... more The induction of functional memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is a major goal of vaccination against intracellular pathogens. Interleukin (IL)-12 is critical for the generation of memory CTLs, and inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) by rapamycin can effectively enhance the memory CTL response. Yet, the role of IL-12 in mTOR's regulation of memory CTL is unknown. Here we hypothesized that the immunostimulatory effects of mTOR on memory CTLs requires IL-12 signaling. Our results revealed that rapamycin increased the generation of memory CTLs in vaccinia virus infection, and this enhancement was dependent upon the IL-12 signal. Furthermore, IL-12 receptor deficiency diminished the secondary expansion of rapamycinregulated memory and resultant secondary memory CTLs were abolished. Rapamycin enhanced IL-12 signaling by upregulating IL-12 receptor b2 expression and signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 4 phosphorylation in CTLs during early infection. In addition, rapamycin continually suppressed T-bet expression in both wild-type and IL-12 receptor knockout CTLs. These results indicate an essential role for IL-12 in the regulation of memory CTLs by mTOR and highlight the importance of considering the interplay between cytokines and adjuvants during vaccine design.
We present the results of a recent reverberation mapping campaign for UGC 06728, a nearby low-lum... more We present the results of a recent reverberation mapping campaign for UGC 06728, a nearby low-luminosity Seyfert 1 in a late-type galaxy. Nightly monitoring in the spring of 2015 allowed us to determine an Hβ time delay of t = 1.4 0.8 days. Combined with the width of the variable Hβ line profile, we determine a black hole mass of = ´ M M 7.1 4.0 10 BH 5 (). We also constrain the bulge stellar velocity dispersion from higher-resolution longslit spectroscopy along the galaxy minor axis and find s = 51.6 4.9 km s −1. The measurements presented here are in good agreement with both the R L BLRrelationship and the s M BHrelationship for active galactic nuclei. Combined with a previously published spin measurement, our mass determination for UGC 06728 makes it the lowest-mass black hole that has been fully characterized, and thus an important object to help anchor the low-mass end of black hole evolutionary models.
The Pediatric infectious disease journal, Jan 31, 2017
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of acute otitis media (AOM). Pneumococcal non-typab... more Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of acute otitis media (AOM). Pneumococcal non-typable Haemophilus influenzae Protein D Conjugate Vaccine (PCV-10) was introduced to the Chilean national immunization program (NIP) in 2011. The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of AOM in children < 24 months of age attending the Emergency Department (ED) of Hospital Sótero del Río (HSR) 4 years before and 4 years after the introduction of PCV-10 in the Chilean NIP. Register-based nested case-control study. Cases (n = 1,907) were all children < 24 months of age with a clinical diagnosis discharge of AOM at the ED of HSR, and controls (n = 244,334) were all other children < 24 months of age attended at the same ED in the same time period, with any other discharge diagnosis. The data were obtained through HSR Statistical Service. In the study period there was a mean of 30,695 children < 24 months managed each year at the ED of HSR. The percentage with AOM in the pre...
The study of the buying motives and attributes have been widely explored in different market sect... more The study of the buying motives and attributes have been widely explored in different market sectors. Companies are, evidently, becoming increasingly concerned with satisfying the needs of their clients, therefore a knowledge of who their clients are, their desires and their profile becomes indispensable. The ecotourism sector is a market sector which is expanding in Brazil, a country with innumerable natural resources which, little by little, are attracting more ecotourists. This work identifies and analyzes the buying motives and attributes considered by ecotourism consumers. The research includes an exploratory phase, in which 12 in-depth interviews were carried out, generating 78 variables, between the attributes and motives. The second phase of the research, the survey, obtained 432 respondents. Descriptive and factorial analyses were carried out, and the averages were also analyzed. The analyses identified the attributes most highly valued by ecotourists in relation to ecotourism destinations, and the motives that lead them to choose these destinations. Among the conclusions presented, it was possible to identify 5 factors among the motives, and 5 among the attributes. This information is valuable for enabling companies in the sector to improve their market positioning.
Preparative biochemistry & biotechnology, Jan 2, 2016
The present study reports the improved enzymatic synthesis of ethyl valerate (green apple flavor)... more The present study reports the improved enzymatic synthesis of ethyl valerate (green apple flavor) by esterification reaction of ethanol and valeric acid in heptane medium. Lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) was immobilized by physical adsorption on poly-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) particles and used as potential biocatalyst. The effect of certain parameters that influence the ester synthesis was evaluated by factorial design. The experimental conditions that maximized the synthesis of ethyl valerate were: 30.5 °C, 18% m/v of biocatalyst (TLL-PHB), absence of molecular sieves, agitation of 234 rpm and 1000 mM of each reactant (ethanol and valeric acid). Under these conditions, conversion percentage ≈ 92% after 105 min of reaction was observed. Soluble TLL was also used as biocatalyst and the highest conversion was of 82% after 120 min of reaction. Esterification reaction performed in a solvent-free system exhibited conversion of 13% after 45 min of reaction catalyzed by immobilized ...
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