Papers by Kanjana Thumanu
Polymers
This study used polymeric micelles to improve quality by increasing drug solubility, extending mu... more This study used polymeric micelles to improve quality by increasing drug solubility, extending mucosal drug retention time, enhancing mucoadhesiveness, and promoting drug permeation and deposition. Fluocinolone acetonide (FA) was loaded into polymeric micelles (FPM), which were composed of poloxamer 407 (P407), sodium polyacrylate (SPA), and polyethylene glycol 400, and their physicochemical properties were examined. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) revealed a hexagonal micellar structure at all temperatures, and the concentrations of P407 and SPA were shown to significantly affect the solubility, mucoadhesion, release, and permeation of FPMs. The proportion of P407 to PEG at a ratio of 7.5:15 with or without 0.1% w/v of SPA provided suitable FPM formulations. Moreover, the characteristics of FPM7 and FPM8 revealed crystalline states inside the micelles, which was consistent with the morphology and nano-hexagonal structure. The results of ex vivo experiments using focal plane arr...
Animals, 2022
This study was to determine the effect of the organic raising system (OR) on growth performance, ... more This study was to determine the effect of the organic raising system (OR) on growth performance, meat quality, and physicochemical properties of slow-growing chickens. Three hundred and sixty (one-day-old) Korat chickens (KRC) were randomly assigned to control (CO) and OR groups. The groups comprised six replicates of thirty chickens each. The chickens were housed in indoor pens (5 birds/m2), wherein those in OR had free access to Ruzi pasture (1 bird/4 m2) from d 21 to d 84 of age. In the CO group, chickens were fed with a mixed feed derived from commercial feedstuffs, while those in the OR group were fed with mixed feed derived from organic feedstuffs. The results revealed a lower feed intake (p < 0.0001) and feed conversion ratio (p = 0.004) in the OR. The OR increased total collagen, protein, shear force, color of skin and meat, and decreased abdominal fat (p < 0.05). The OR improved fatty acid with increased DHA, n-3 PUFA, and decreased the ratio of n-6 to n-3 PUFA in KRC...
Chiang Mai Journal of Science, 2022
Rice is the food staple for most of the world’s population especially Asians. It is also the esse... more Rice is the food staple for most of the world’s population especially Asians. It is also the essence of life of people in Thailand. Archaeological evidence based on the paddy rice reveals the rice planting in northeastern Thailand over 5,000 years ago. The burnt rice grains have been found in many archaeological sites in Thailand, which are involved with the religious ceremony and home prosperity. In this work, the synchrotron radiation has been applied to investigate the elemental distribution, chemical composition and bio-molecular structure, and three-dimensional segmentation of the ancient burnt rice samples from Nakorn Nayok (Ban Dong Lakon), Suphan Buri (U-Thong), and Prachin Buri (Sri Mahosot) using micro-beam XRF (SR μ-XRF), Infrared spectroscopy (SR IR), and X-ray tomographic microscopy based on synchrotron radiation (SR XTM), respectively. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE SEM) incorporated with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) have been carried out in or...
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2022
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer that most importance at the present due primaril... more Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer that most importance at the present due primarily to its properties as biological degradation and biocompatibility derived from renewable resources. This study investigated the role of zinc oxide powder and tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate as the catalysts for lactide and PLA synthesis, respectively. Polylactic acid was obtained by four stages: dehydration, oligomerization, depolymerization and ring opening polymerization. The catalyst was added and water was removed at the first stage then the reactions are carried out at different temperatures and reaction time on the other stages. The ratio of lactic acid and zinc oxide powder was 1000:3 for lactide synthesis, the ratio of lactide product and tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate was 1000:4 for PLA synthesis without any initiator. The PLA products were analysed for the yield, some chemical and physical properties such as functional group, decomposition temperature, melting temperature of synthesized PL...
Processes, 2021
This work aims to develop a multihole atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) device to increase t... more This work aims to develop a multihole atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) device to increase the plasma area and apply it to a continuous seed treatment system. Broccoli seed was used to study the effects of an atmospheric pressure plasma jet on seed germination and growth rate. An argon flow rate of 4.2 lpm, a plasma power of 412 W, and discharge frequency of 76 kHz were used for seed treatment. The contact angle decreased strongly with the increase in treatment time from 20 s to 80 s. The broccoli seed’s outer surface morphology seemed to have been slightly modified to a smoother surface by the plasma treatment during the treatment time of 80 s. However, the cross-sectional images resulted from Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) confirmed no significant difference between seeds untreated and treated by plasma for 80 s. This result indicates that plasma does not affect the bulk characteristics of the seed but does provide delicate changes to the top thin ...
Biochemical Society Transactions, 2003
Pluripotent embryonic stem cells can give rise to neuroectodermal derivatives in culture. This po... more Pluripotent embryonic stem cells can give rise to neuroectodermal derivatives in culture. This potential could be harnessed to generate neurons and glia for cell-replacement therapies in the central nervous system and for use in drug discovery. However, current methods of neural differentiation are empirical and relatively innefficient. Here, we review these methodologies and present new tools for quantification, analysis and manipulation of embryonic stem cell neural determination.
Microscopy and Microanalysis
The development of biochemical analysis techniques to study heterogeneous biological samples is i... more The development of biochemical analysis techniques to study heterogeneous biological samples is increasing. These techniques include synchrotron radiation Fourier transform infrared (SR-FTIR) microspectroscopy. This method has been applied to analyze biological tissue with multivariate statistical analysis to classify the components revealed by the spectral data. This study aims to compare the efficiencies of SR-FTIR microspectroscopy and focal plane array (FPA)-FTIR microspectroscopy when classifying rice tissue components. Spectral data were acquired for mapping the same sample areas from both techniques. Principal component analysis and cluster imaging were used to investigate the biochemical variations of the tissue types. The classification was based on the functional groups of pectin, protein, and polysaccharide. Four layers from SR-FTIR microspectroscopy including pericarp, aleurone layer, sub-aleurone layer, and endosperm were classified using cluster imaging, while FPA-FTIR...
Stem Cell Research & Therapy
Background Human erythropoiesis is a tightly regulated, multistep process encompassing the differ... more Background Human erythropoiesis is a tightly regulated, multistep process encompassing the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) toward mature erythrocytes. Cellular metabolism is an important regulator of cell fate determination during the differentiation of HSCs. However, how O-GlcNAcylation, a posttranslational modification of proteins that is an ideal metabolic sensor, contributes to the commitment of HSCs to the erythroid lineage and to the terminal erythroid differentiation has not been addressed. Methods Cellular O-GlcNAcylation was manipulated using small molecule inhibition or CRISPR/Cas9 manipulation of catalyzing enzyme O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and removing enzyme O-GlcNAcase (OGA) in two cell models of erythroid differentiation, starting from: (i) human umbilical cord blood-derived CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) to investigate the erythroid lineage specification and differentiation; and (ii) human-derived erythroblastic leukemia K562 cel...
The Plant Pathology Journal
Fusarium root rot caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium solani is one of the most important fu... more Fusarium root rot caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium solani is one of the most important fungal diseases of cassava in Thailand, resulting in high yield losses of more than 80%. This study aimed to investigate if the exogenous application of salicylic acid formulations (Zacha) can induce resistance in cassava against Fusarium root rot and observe the biochemical changes in induced cassava leaf tissues through synchrotron radiation based on Fourier-transform infrared (SR-FTIR) microspectroscopy. We demonstrated that the application of Zacha11 prototype formulations could induce resistance against Fusarium root rot in cassava. The in vitro experimental results showed that Zacha11 prototype formulations inhibited the growth of F. solani at approximately 34.83%. Furthermore, a significant reduction in the disease severity of Fusarium root rot disease at 60 days after challenge inoculation was observed in cassava plants treated with Zacha11 at a concentration of 500 ppm (9.0%). Pop...
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine
To evaluate the concentration differences of sulforaphene and sulforaphane at various ages and in... more To evaluate the concentration differences of sulforaphene and sulforaphane at various ages and in different parts of Raphanus sativus L. var. caudatus with respect to their potential cancer preventive effect on HCT116 colon cancer cells. Methods: FTIR-ATR and GC-MS were used to characterize the isothiocyanates in the plant extracts followed by HPLC for quantification. Antiproliferation and apoptosis induction were determined by using MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Results: The respective rank of anticancer activity of R. sativus were as follows: vegetative (3 week) < older rosette (4 week) < early-bolting (5 week) < senescence (7 week) < late-bolting (6 week). The low to high concentration of sulforaphene and sulforaphane occurred in the same stage order. Conclusions: The reproductive parts (flower, pod, and dry seed) of Raphanus sativus have the greatest isothiocyanate concentration, evidenced by a sulforaphene concentration higher than the sulforaphane. This result should inform the selection of the most appropriate harvesting stage and plant part for use as a potential chemopreventive agent.
Additional file 1: Figure S1. UC-hMSCs were subjected to immunophenotypic profiling using flow-cy... more Additional file 1: Figure S1. UC-hMSCs were subjected to immunophenotypic profiling using flow-cytometry. Cells from all three cell lines (A-C) did not express CD34 or CD45, but they were positive for CD73, CD90, and CD105 expression. (PPTX 102 kb)
Agronomy, 2020
Leaf litter plays a major role in carbon and nutrient cycling, as well as in fueling food webs. T... more Leaf litter plays a major role in carbon and nutrient cycling, as well as in fueling food webs. The chemical composition of a leaf may directly and indirectly influence decomposition rates by influencing rates of biological reactions and by influencing the accumulation of soil organic carbon content, respectively. This study aimed to assess the impact of the chemical composition of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Muell. Arg.) leaves on various soil properties of different ages of rubber (4–5, 11–12, and 22–23 year-old). Synchrotron-based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (Sr-FTIR) was utilized for analyzing the chemical composition of plant leaves. The Sr-FTIR bands illustrated that the epidermis of rubber leaves from 4–5-year-old trees was found to contain a high quantity of polysaccharides while mesophyll from 22–23-year-old trees had a large number of polysaccharides. The change in soil properties in the older rubber plantation could be attributed to it...
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2018
Objective: To investigate biomolecular alteration of sesamol on human lung adenocarcinoma (SK-LU-... more Objective: To investigate biomolecular alteration of sesamol on human lung adenocarcinoma (SK-LU-1) cells compared with cisplatin using Fourier transform infrared microscopy (FTIR). Methods: Cytotoxicity of sesamol was investigated against SK-LU-1 cells by using neutral red. DNA fragmentation and the cell cycle analysis were determined by agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry, respectively. The FTIR microscopy technique was applied to explore the changes in cellular biochemical compositions in cells treated with sesamol that the biochemical and biological assays cannot cover. The alkylating property was determined by 4-(4-nitrobenzyl)pyridine assay. Results: Sesamol and cisplatin exerted an antiproliferative effect at 48 h with respective IC50 values of 2.7 and 0.07 mM. Both induced apoptosis by causing DNA damage and accumulation of cell populations at sub-G1. FTIR microscopy and Principle Component Analysis clearly discriminated the sesamol- and cisplatin-treated cells from the untreated cells or control. A significant increase of total lipid content was found in cisplatin-treated cells. Conformational changes in the proteins secondary structure from the α -helix to the β -sheet were found in both sesamol- and cisplatin-treated cells, as well as significant reductions in relative DNA content of both compared to the control were observed, suggesting DNA damage. A shift in the peak position of DNA region provides insight on the DNA interactions. Conclusions: The non-alkylating effect of sesamol based on the nitrobenzyl pyridine assay delineates the non-covalent binding mode of sesamol on DNA. Hydrogen bonding is the binding mode of sesamol on DNA, while for cisplatin it was covalent and hydrogen bonding.
Journal of Plant Interactions, 2017
The aim of this study was to determine the resistance mechanisms of chili induced by the Bacillus... more The aim of this study was to determine the resistance mechanisms of chili induced by the Bacillus subtilis strain D604 using synchrotron FTIR microspectroscopy (SR-FTIR). In this study, the strain D604 reduced anthracnose disease severity in chili plants by approximately 31.10%. The SR-FTIR spectral changes from the epidermis and mesophyll leaf tissue revealed higher integral areas for the C=O ester from lipids, lignin, or pectin (1770-1700 cm −1) as well as polysaccharides (1200-900 cm −1) in the treated samples of D606 and distilled water and then challenge inoculation with chili anthracnose pathogen, Colletotrichum acutatum. The secondary structure of the Amide I protein failed to convert from alpha helices (centered at 1650 cm −1) to beta sheets (centered at 1600 cm −1) in the mesophyll of samples not treated with D604. This study suggested that the strain D604 induced resistance against anthracnose pathogen in chili by inducing cellular changes related to defense compounds involved in plant defense mechanism.
African Journal of Microbiology Research, Mar 5, 2014
This work aimed at investigating the changes in cellular compositions of cucumber seedlings as en... more This work aimed at investigating the changes in cellular compositions of cucumber seedlings as enhanced by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, Bacillus subtilis Bs008 using the Fourier transforminfrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that Bs008 stimulates production of plant cellular components involved in metabolism and growth development mechanisms. Cucumber vegetative propagation and treatment with Bs008 or with sterile distilled water was done in sterile soil, after incubation for 28 days, Bs008 treated cucumber seedlings had more lateral root, longer roots, shoot length and greater biomass than the control. We also focused on plant cellular composition, and cucumber seedling tissues from the two treatments were harvested for FT-IR analysis. FT-IR analyses revealed that lipid was highly accumulated in response to the strain Bs008. The cucumber seedling treated with the beneficial bacteria B. subtilis strain Bs008 shows the beta sheet secondary structure and apparently appeared with high polysaccharide content but the lipid content was decreased when compared with those of the cucumber seedling treated with distilled water. Our results demonstrate that Bs008 can enhance plant growth under laboratory conditions by direct stimulation of cucumber polysaccharides.
Science of Tsunami Hazards
Over the past few years, several attempts have been performed to find alternative “chemical proxi... more Over the past few years, several attempts have been performed to find alternative “chemical proxies” in order to discriminate “tsunami backwash deposits” from “typical marine sediments”. A wide range of statistical tools has been selected in order to investigate the sediments and/or terrestrial soils transportation mechanism during the tsunami inundation period by using several types of chemical tracers. To relate the physical and chemical characteristics of Typical Marine Sediments (TMS), Tsunami Backwash Deposits (TBD), Onshore Tsunami Deposits (OTD) and Coastal Zone Soils (CZS) with their synchrotron radiation based micro-X-ray Fluorescence (μ-SXRF) spectra, the μ- SXRF spectra were built in the appropriate selected spectra range from 3,000 eV to 8,000 eV. Further challenges were considered by using the first-order derivative μ-SXRF spectra coupled with Probability Distribution Function (PDF), Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in order to ...
This paper focuses on providing new results relating to the impacts of Diurnal variation, Vertica... more This paper focuses on providing new results relating to the impacts of Diurnal variation, Vertical distribution, and Emission source on sulfur K-edge XANES spectrum of aerosol samples. All aerosol samples used in the diurnal variation experiment were preserved using anoxic preservation stainless cylinders (APSCs) and pressure-controlled glove boxes (PCGBs), which were specially designed to prevent oxidation of the sulfur states in PM 10. Further investigation of sulfur K-edge XANES spectra revealed that PM 10 samples were dominated by S(VI), even when preserved in anoxic conditions. The "Emission source effect" on the sulfur oxidation state of PM 10 was examined by comparing sulfur K-edge XANES spectra collected from various emission sources in southern Thailand, while "Vertical distribution effects" on the sulfur oxidation state of PM 10 were made with samples collected from three different altitudes from rooftops of the highest buildings in three major cities in Thailand. The analytical results have demonstrated that neither "Emission source" nor "Vertical distribution" appreciably contribute to the characteristic fingerprint of sulfur K-edge XANES spectrum in PM 10 .
Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, 2012
This paper aims to enhance the credibility of applying the sulfur K-edge XANES spectroscopy as an... more This paper aims to enhance the credibility of applying the sulfur K-edge XANES spectroscopy as an innovative “fingerprint” for characterizing environmental samples. The sensitivities of sulfur K-edge XANES spectra of ten sulfur compound standards detected by two different detectors, namely, Lytle detector (LyD) and Germanium detector (GeD), were studied and compared. Further investigation on “self-absorption” effect revealed that the maximum sensitivities of sulfur K-edge XANES spectra were achieved when diluting sulfur compound standards with boron nitride (BN) at the mixing ratio of 0.1%. The “particle-size” effect on sulfur K-edge XANES spectrum sensitivities was examined by comparing signal-to-noise ratios of total suspended particles (TSP) and particulate matter of less than 10 millionths of a meter(PM10)collected at three major cities of Thailand. The analytical results have demonstrated that the signal-to-noise ratios of sulfur K-edge XANES spectra were positively correlated ...
Journal of Molecular Structure, 2009
Synchrotron-Infrared (SR-IR) mapping and Focal plane array (FPA) imaging have been applied for di... more Synchrotron-Infrared (SR-IR) mapping and Focal plane array (FPA) imaging have been applied for discrimination of the three biochemical components of the mouse blastocyst. The mouse blastocyst consists of two clusters of cells known as the inner cell mass (ICM) formed within the blastocoel cavity and the thin layer of outer cells called the trophectoderm. Using Hierachical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and Principle Component Analysis (PCA), it can be shown that the composition and distribution of biochemical components within the blastocyst show differences in the protein secondary structure and the lipid content. It is worth noting that the secondary structure of the outer layer cells indicates more distinctive b-type secondary structure. The blastocoel cavity was observed to be predominantly a-helix. Significantly, the ICM region showed the predominant high absorption intensities of lipid content (CH 2 , CH 3 symmetric and asymmetric stretching around 3000-2800 cm À1). The results show agreement between both SR-IR mapping and FPA-IR imaging. We propose that the biochemical difference within the blastocyst, especially the high lipid content in the ICM region, could be involved in the process of lipid signaling during preimplantation. The use of both techniques is shown to be significant approach for revealing the biochemical components within the blastocyst.
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Papers by Kanjana Thumanu