The anthropocentric orientation of the Age of Enlightenment and the recognition of reason as the ... more The anthropocentric orientation of the Age of Enlightenment and the recognition of reason as the main instrument in the cognition of the world certainly had a huge impact on the development of vitally important legal and political institutions and mechanisms. Among the basic ideas of the Enlightenment, understood as a philosophical movement that emerged in Europe during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, are rationalism, empiricism, individualism, and the idea that people had certain natural rights. Although Europe is considered the birthplace of Enlightenment thought, Enlightenment ideas went beyond the old continent, reaching various corners of the world, including, of course, America, and undoubtedly had a significant influence on the legal and political system of the United States. The United States of America was formed on the basis of the ideas and fundamental beliefs of Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Voltaire (and others). The Enlightenment emphasizes the basic rights of the individual, such as liberty, equality, and property, placing the individual at the center and using them as a point of reference. This resulted in the development of the concept of human rights as universal and inalienable, as reflected in many constitutions and declarations of human rights, including the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen during the French Revolution and in the United States Declaration of Independence. In addition, philosophers like Montesquieu developed the theory of the separation of
The article describes the concept of a "self-organizing city" by Jane Jacobs. The autho... more The article describes the concept of a "self-organizing city" by Jane Jacobs. The author, referring to the reflections of Wade Graham, analyzes Jane Jacobs texts, paying attention to elements typical of new urbanism. Numerous texts by the author (written between 1936 and 1995) are subject to analysis. Texts from the late 1930s are analyzed, being the seeds of the famous "Hudson Street ballet". The second part of the text is devoted to the article "Downtown is for People" from 1958, in which the theses from the most famous book by Jane Jacobs - "The Death and Life of the Great American Cities" are largely presented. The text of this book is also confronted with the thoughts of Wade Graham in the last part of the text.
Artykuł poświęcony jest jednej z najsłynniejszych dwudziestowiecznych urbanistek Jane Jacobs i je... more Artykuł poświęcony jest jednej z najsłynniejszych dwudziestowiecznych urbanistek Jane Jacobs i jej krytyce wobec dominujących metod planowania miasta. Tekst analizuję genezę modernistycznej urbanistyki (na przykładzie koncepcji Ebenezera Howarda, oraz Le Corbusiera). Przedstawia również stosunek Jane Jacobs do ich amerykańskich realizacji w planowaniu miasta (na przykładzie Roberta Mosesa, Ruchu City Beautiful, oraz postaci Lewisa Mumforda). Autor przedstawia także w zarysie wizję miasta Jane Jacobs.
The anthropocentric orientation of the Age of Enlightenment and the recognition of reason as the ... more The anthropocentric orientation of the Age of Enlightenment and the recognition of reason as the main instrument in the cognition of the world certainly had a huge impact on the development of vitally important legal and political institutions and mechanisms. Among the basic ideas of the Enlightenment, understood as a philosophical movement that emerged in Europe during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, are rationalism, empiricism, individualism, and the idea that people had certain natural rights. Although Europe is considered the birthplace of Enlightenment thought, Enlightenment ideas went beyond the old continent, reaching various corners of the world, including, of course, America, and undoubtedly had a significant influence on the legal and political system of the United States. The United States of America was formed on the basis of the ideas and fundamental beliefs of Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Voltaire (and others). The Enlightenment emphasizes the basic rights of the individual, such as liberty, equality, and property, placing the individual at the center and using them as a point of reference. This resulted in the development of the concept of human rights as universal and inalienable, as reflected in many constitutions and declarations of human rights, including the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen during the French Revolution and in the United States Declaration of Independence. In addition, philosophers like Montesquieu developed the theory of the separation of
The article describes the concept of a "self-organizing city" by Jane Jacobs. The autho... more The article describes the concept of a "self-organizing city" by Jane Jacobs. The author, referring to the reflections of Wade Graham, analyzes Jane Jacobs texts, paying attention to elements typical of new urbanism. Numerous texts by the author (written between 1936 and 1995) are subject to analysis. Texts from the late 1930s are analyzed, being the seeds of the famous "Hudson Street ballet". The second part of the text is devoted to the article "Downtown is for People" from 1958, in which the theses from the most famous book by Jane Jacobs - "The Death and Life of the Great American Cities" are largely presented. The text of this book is also confronted with the thoughts of Wade Graham in the last part of the text.
Artykuł poświęcony jest jednej z najsłynniejszych dwudziestowiecznych urbanistek Jane Jacobs i je... more Artykuł poświęcony jest jednej z najsłynniejszych dwudziestowiecznych urbanistek Jane Jacobs i jej krytyce wobec dominujących metod planowania miasta. Tekst analizuję genezę modernistycznej urbanistyki (na przykładzie koncepcji Ebenezera Howarda, oraz Le Corbusiera). Przedstawia również stosunek Jane Jacobs do ich amerykańskich realizacji w planowaniu miasta (na przykładzie Roberta Mosesa, Ruchu City Beautiful, oraz postaci Lewisa Mumforda). Autor przedstawia także w zarysie wizję miasta Jane Jacobs.
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