Papers by Kaewkwan Tangtipongkul
UMI Dissertation Services eBooks, 2010
Journal of POPULATION and SOCIAL STUDIES (Online), Mar 30, 2018
Using worker survey data from the Foundation of Thai Gerontology Research and Development Institu... more Using worker survey data from the Foundation of Thai Gerontology Research and Development Institute, this paper analyzes the factors that lead to the decision to take early retirement of workers in the private service sector in Thailand. The private service sector is here limited to the wholesale, retail, hotel, and restaurant industries. The analysis is restricted to individuals aged above 45 years at the time of the survey. The data set includes information gathered from 611 individuals. This study applies Beehr's (1986) framework, which identifies the extension of working decisions by individual characteristics and working environment. Using the logistic regression model, it was found that individuals who work in retail have an approximately 9% higher propensity to delay their plan to retire early than those in other industries. The results also indicate that individuals with debt have an approximately 8% higher propensity to retire early than those without. In addition, it was found that those who can avail of financial transfers from their families have a higher propensity to delay their early retirement than those who cannot. This may imply that older workers may not want to be a financial burden on their family. Regarding other sources of financing after retirement, only the availability of a social security plan shows a positive-although insignificant-impact on the decision to retire early. Also, those with a positive attitude toward older workers in the workplace-for example, regarding their ability to adapt to a new work environment-have a higher propensity to retire early. These findings call into question the belief that family altruism and a positive attitude toward older workers in the workplace are essential factors in individual decision-making regarding retirement.
Journal of POPULATION and SOCIAL STUDIES (Online), Jun 20, 2019
It is estimated that 1.7 million Cambodian migrant workers, accounting for 11% of its population,... more It is estimated that 1.7 million Cambodian migrant workers, accounting for 11% of its population, have sent remittances worth hundreds of millions of USD to their family members in the kingdom in 2018. This great outflow of workers and inflow of remittances has raised the government's concern about a proper migration policy for harnessing labor migration and remittances to enhance economic development. Therefore, the main objectives of this study are to provide a brief overview of migration policy in Cambodia and to investigate the effect of remittances on economic growth in Cambodia. We estimated multiple regression models, using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method based on data from the World Development Indicators (WDI) covering the time period from 1993 to 2016. The results of our multiple regression analysis indicate that remittances have had a significant positive impact on the country's economy, having contributed 0.1180% to its economic growth, thanks to the increased use of remittances in enterprises, agriculture and healthcare in recent years, and financial institutions which have used remittances productively. Based on our findings, we suggest that the government should provide more financial literacy programs to migrant workers and their family members, so that the productive use of remittances in enterprises can be further strengthened.
Thammasat Review, Jun 25, 2018
Using data from the 2007 Thai Health and Welfare Survey, this paper analyzes the impact of health... more Using data from the 2007 Thai Health and Welfare Survey, this paper analyzes the impact of health insurance coverage and other socioeconomic factors on the likelihood of receiving clinical breast examinations, mammograms, and cervical screening tests among adult women. The paper focuses on breast and cervical screening because breast and cervical cancer are the leading cancer among women in Thailand and early detection increases the likelihood of survival. The author uses logistic regression to produce a crosssectional estimate of the impact of income and insurance coverage on utilization among Thai women within the past 5 years. The results indicate among low income women the access afforded by the Universal Coverage plan, significantly increases the probability of utilizing cervical screening tests. While among women in the high monthly household income group having the Civil Servant Medical Benefit Scheme and private health insurance increases the propensity to have clinical breast examinations and cervical screening tests. Private health insurance is the only health insurance that has significant and positive probability of having mammograms among women from a high monthly household income group. These results imply that the Universal Coverage plan implemented in 2001 for people without health insurance can assist women in the low monthly household income group to get cervical screening tests with small co-payments.
Asian development review, Sep 1, 2015
examines the rates of return to schooling. The Mincer-type rate of return to investment in school... more examines the rates of return to schooling. The Mincer-type rate of return to investment in schooling was estimated. The rates of return to schooling for work experience are significantly positive, but at a decreasing rate. Region of residence and variation in gross provincial product per capita are significant factors in determining the private rate of return. The rates of return to schooling by type of industry reveal higher earnings in mining, utilities, construction, manufacturing, and services than in agriculture. The private and social returns on vocational secondary education attainment are greater than on general secondary education. Finally, the private returns on university attainment for women exceed men by about 1.5 percentage points.
The paper investigates the sources of scale economies in the production of public vocational educ... more The paper investigates the sources of scale economies in the production of public vocational education based on cross-sectional data from 411 vocational schools in Thailand. An empirical analysis is made of the relationship among the following factors: the cost per student, the number of student enrollments, school quality, discretionary allocation of staffing resources, and regional variation affecting demand for public vocational education. It appears that close to 80 per cent of the public vocational schools in Thailand are too small a size to have economies of scale for optimal average cost efficiencies. Thai education public policy should emphasize enrollment expansion of existing vocation schools in order to fulfill the national education policy to sustain the need of the current labor demand as well as in pursuit of cost efficiency.
The main objectives of this study are to examine the sustainable local economic development poten... more The main objectives of this study are to examine the sustainable local economic development potential of Kanchanaburi and Trat provinces in the Special Economic Zones along the Greater Mekong Subregion Southern Economic Corridor by taking into account the connection between Thailand and the neighboring countries. In addition, this study evaluates the economic and social opportunities and impacts of the Special Economic Zones along the Greater Mekong Subregion Southern Economic Corridor. The methodology of this research includes local economic analysis based on the Keynesian theory of national income determination. The study finds that major limitations hindering the rapid growth of Kanchanaburi and Trat provinces in Thailand lie in the inefficient use of land, the inability to fully connect the agricultural product to the processed agricultural product supply chain, the inability to manage risk involving agricultural products' prices and production volume, border access limitation between Trat and Koh Kong Special Economic Zones in Cambodia, and delays in the road infrastructure construction projects such as two-lane road in Dawei Special Economic Zones project in Myanmar.
The paper investigates the sources of scale economies in the production of public vocational educ... more The paper investigates the sources of scale economies in the production of public vocational education based on cross-sectional data from 411 vocational schools in Thailand. An empirical analysis is made of the relationship among the following factors: the cost per student, the number of student enrollments, school quality, discretionary allocation of staffing resources, and regional variation affecting demand for public vocational education. It appears that close to 80 per cent of the public vocational schools in Thailand are too small a size to have economies of scale for optimal average cost efficiencies. Thai education public policy should emphasize enrollment expansion of existing vocation schools in order to fulfill the national education policy to sustain the need of the current labor demand as well as in pursuit of cost efficiency.
Using data from the 2007 Thai Health and Welfare Survey, this paper analyzes the impact of health... more Using data from the 2007 Thai Health and Welfare Survey, this paper analyzes the impact of health insurance coverage and other socioeconomic factors on the likelihood of receiving clinical breast examinations, mammograms, and cervical screening tests among adult women. The paper focuses on breast and cervical screening because breast and cervical cancer are the leading cancer among women in Thailand and early detection increases the likelihood of survival. The author uses logistic regression to produce a crosssectional estimate of the impact of income and insurance coverage on utilization among Thai women within the past 5 years. The results indicate among low income women the access afforded by the Universal Coverage plan, significantly increases the probability of utilizing cervical screening tests. While among women in the high monthly household income group having the Civil Servant Medical Benefit Scheme and private health insurance increases the propensity to have clinical breast examinations and cervical screening tests. Private health insurance is the only health insurance that has significant and positive probability of having mammograms among women from a high monthly household income group. These results imply that the Universal Coverage plan implemented in 2001 for people without health insurance can assist women in the low monthly household income group to get cervical screening tests with small co-payments.
Journal of Population and Social Studies, 2018
Using worker survey data from the Foundation of Thai Gerontology Research and Development Institu... more Using worker survey data from the Foundation of Thai Gerontology Research and Development Institute, this paper analyzes the factors that lead to the decision to take early retirement of workers in the private service sector in Thailand. The private service sector is here limited to the wholesale, retail, hotel, and restaurant industries. The analysis is restricted to individuals aged above 45 years at the time of the survey. The data set includes information gathered from 611 individuals. This study applies Beehr's (1986) framework, which identifies the extension of working decisions by individual characteristics and working environment. Using the logistic regression model, it was found that individuals who work in retail have an approximately 9% higher propensity to delay their plan to retire early than those in other industries. The results also indicate that individuals with debt have an approximately 8% higher propensity to retire early than those without. In addition, it was found that those who can avail of financial transfers from their families have a higher propensity to delay their early retirement than those who cannot. This may imply that older workers may not want to be a financial burden on their family. Regarding other sources of financing after retirement, only the availability of a social security plan shows a positive-although insignificant-impact on the decision to retire early. Also, those with a positive attitude toward older workers in the workplace-for example, regarding their ability to adapt to a new work environment-have a higher propensity to retire early. These findings call into question the belief that family altruism and a positive attitude toward older workers in the workplace are essential factors in individual decision-making regarding retirement.
Journal of Population and Social Studies, 2019
It is estimated that 1.7 million Cambodian migrant workers, accounting for 11% of its population,... more It is estimated that 1.7 million Cambodian migrant workers, accounting for 11% of its population, have sent remittances worth hundreds of millions of USD to their family members in the kingdom in 2018. This great outflow of workers and inflow of remittances has raised the government's concern about a proper migration policy for harnessing labor migration and remittances to enhance economic development. Therefore, the main objectives of this study are to provide a brief overview of migration policy in Cambodia and to investigate the effect of remittances on economic growth in Cambodia. We estimated multiple regression models, using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method based on data from the World Development Indicators (WDI) covering the time period from 1993 to 2016. The results of our multiple regression analysis indicate that remittances have had a significant positive impact on the country's economy, having contributed 0.1180% to its economic growth, thanks to the increased use of remittances in enterprises, agriculture and healthcare in recent years, and financial institutions which have used remittances productively. Based on our findings, we suggest that the government should provide more financial literacy programs to migrant workers and their family members, so that the productive use of remittances in enterprises can be further strengthened.
Asian Development Review, 2015
Using 2007–2010 data from Thailand's National Labor Force Survey, this paper examines the rat... more Using 2007–2010 data from Thailand's National Labor Force Survey, this paper examines the rates of return to schooling. The Mincer-type rate of return to investment in schooling was estimated. The rates of return to schooling for work experience are significantly positive, but at a decreasing rate. Region of residence and variation in gross provincial product per capita are significant factors in determining the private rate of return. The rates of return to schooling by type of industry reveal higher earnings in mining, utilities, construction, manufacturing, and services than in agriculture. The private and social returns on vocational secondary education attainment are greater than on general secondary education. Finally, the private returns on university attainment for women exceed men by about 1.5 percentage points.
This study tries to explore the determinants of unemployment by using the secondary cross section... more This study tries to explore the determinants of unemployment by using the secondary cross sectional data set from the labor force survey of Bhutan, 2015. It also examines, separately the determinants of youth and adult unemployment. A comparative analysis is provided to give some differences in the determinants of youth and adult unemployment. Asset index is calculated by using the household physical capital component using principal component analysis to show the effect of household asset on the unemployment as household characteristics. The estimation is done for all, youth and adult sample using probit regression. The paper uses both from the demand and supply perspectives to get the determinants. From the supply side, reservation wage and different levels of education are used and from the supply side it is represented by employment types and skills. Other household characteristics include location, gender, youth, marital status, and migration. Household sizes and household assets are used for showing the household characteristics. From the overall youth and adult samples, both the variables from demand and supply show stronger effect on unemployment. From the supply side compared to reservation wage, different categories of education show stronger effect, although it is not significant for primary education. It suggests that with higher education the probability of unemployment is higher in Bhutan as seen from the result with highest percentage point shown for the degree and masters. This typically reflects the mismatch of educational curriculum and skills and the requirement from the demand side. On the other hand it can be also a problem due to excess supply of educated people from the supply side and the economy not ready to take up those educated due to less innovation in the job market and slow economic growth and less job openings for skilled and educated individuals. When comparison was made amongst the three samples, youth unemployment had the strongest effect on unemployment. From the demand side, both employment type and skills show stronger effect on all unemployment samples. Individuals seeking jobs in public sector are more prone to unemployment than those seeking jobs in the private sector. Skill is (2) also one of the significant determinants of unemployment. The probability of becoming unemployed is more if an individual does not have any skills. It suggests that regardless of the educational qualification, acquirement of skills could lead to gainful employment. The results from other control variables such as gender, marital status, household size and household asset have stronger effect. A male, married or divorced, having an asset is less likely to be unemployed. However having bigger household size is more likely to be unemployed. The comparative analysis from the three samples indicates that all the determinants have stronger effect on youth sample with realistic results and stronger correlation in context to labor market in Bhutan. From the result it is not surprising to find education as a con for the labor market although theoretically with higher education, the accessibility to get job is much higher. To address the loopholes in the education system, policy interventions should focus on providing relevant curriculum and skills in consultation with the relevant stakeholders and policy makers. Although a lot of policy responses are intervened by the government to provide platform for the high prevalence of unemployment amongst the youth, yet it requires special and specific interventions such as support from entrepreneurial training and startup capital with subsided loan to attract young school leavers to become job inventor instead of job hunter.
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Papers by Kaewkwan Tangtipongkul