Papers by Selahattin Kadir
World Soils Book Series
Chromic and Rhodic Luvisols, otherwise known as the Red Mediterranean Soils or the Terra Rossa, s... more Chromic and Rhodic Luvisols, otherwise known as the Red Mediterranean Soils or the Terra Rossa, show marked textural differences and genetic peculiarities within their profile. Controversial genetic characteristics observed in Luvisol profiles are related to the impacts of the successive climatic changes of the Quaternary and represent the scientific heritage of the Terra Rossa soils. Luvisols are the fragile patrimonies of the Mediterranean human and soil ecosystem enduring the millennia-long turmoil caused by land transformation and exploitation, warfare, and migrations which in turn have resulted in land degradation (Laouina et al. 2004). Luvisols are characterized with moderate weathering, subsequent leaching and illuviation of mainly 2:1 clays into B horizons and very fine-grained hematite (Fe 2 O 3) induced reddening of the clays which coat the clays and the coarser particles, due to summer dehydration of free iron oxyhydroxides (Yaalon 1997). These soils are best represented by the Luvisols in the WRB (IUSS Working Group WRB 2015) which is the soil type globally widespread. The surface horizon is depleted in clay while the subsurface 'argic/argillic' horizon is enriched with illuviated clay. A wide range of parent materials and environmental conditions lead to a great diversity in Luvisol properties. Other names used to describe Luvisols include Pseudo-podzolic soils (former Russian classification), Sols Lessivés (France), Parabraunerde (Germany), and Alfisols (Soil Taxonomy). Luvisols are often associated with the Leptosols in the highly eroded karstic land surfaces of Turkey. Often Leptosols, a different soil type that is also mentioned throughout this chapter, are the residues of the matured Luvisols, i.e., the exposed Bt horizons (after the topsoil has been totally removed by erosion) overlying
Turkish Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, 1999
Powder metallurgy production of Si3N4 materials has been used in different fields of production s... more Powder metallurgy production of Si3N4 materials has been used in different fields of production such as ceramic cutting tools, turbine components, automotive valves and ball-bearing components. This study was undertaken to determine the transformation mechanisms of sepiolite type magnesium hydrosilicate clay mineral to Si3N4 by carbothermal reduction and nitridation (CTRN). A sepiolite and carbon black powders mixture with a C/SiO2 molar ratio of 3 was used for the CTRN process. The CTRN process was conducted in a graphite sample holder in an atmosphere-controlled tube furnace under nitrogen flow of 4.5 cm3/min, and 1300, 1400°C for 2 and 4 hours exposure. Cristobalite and tridimite structures inside sepiolite were reduced to SiO by carbon black and nitridated by environmental nitrogen gas flow. As a result of the transformation, white fibre-like micromorphologies were formed at the edges inside the sample holder and ceramic tube. This product was identified as pure a-Si3N4 by XRD a...
Clays and Clay Minerals, 2014
The Güzelyurt kaolinite deposit is an important source of raw material for the ceramics industry ... more The Güzelyurt kaolinite deposit is an important source of raw material for the ceramics industry in Turkey. No detailed mineralogical or geochemical characterizations of this deposit have been undertaken previously and these were the goals of the present study. The Güzelyurt alunite-bearing kaolinite occurs along a fault zone in the Late Miocene Gödeles ignimbrite, which consists of dacitic and andesitic tuffs. Horizontal and vertical mineralogical zonations with gradual transitions were observed within the alteration zone. The inner kaolinite, alunite, and 7 Å halloysite zones progress horizontally outward to a smectite zone; and native sulfur- and cinnabar-bearing alunite with 7 Å halloysite and porous silica zones increase as one progresses up through the profile. Fe-(oxyhydr)oxide phases associated with native sulfur and cinnabar demonstrate that multiple hydrothermal-alteration processes resulted in kaolinization and alunitization of the deposit. The kaolinization of feldspar, ...
Bu calisma Aydincik (Mersin) yoresi Alt Liyas dolomitlerinin (Cehennemdere Formasyonu, Dibekli Uy... more Bu calisma Aydincik (Mersin) yoresi Alt Liyas dolomitlerinin (Cehennemdere Formasyonu, Dibekli Uyesi) endustriyel hammadde potansiyelinin arastirilmasini amaclamaktadir. Alt Liyas dolomitlerinin ozellikleri Pirencik Tepe, Erenler Tepe ve Soguksu yoresinden alinan olculu stratigrafik kesitlere dayandirilmistir. Dolomit orneklerinin mineralojik ve kimyasal bilesimleri petrografik, X-isini difraksiyonu (XRD) ve ICP-ES analizleriyle belirlenmistir. Petrografik analizler uc tip dolomitin varligini ortaya koymaktadir. Bunlar; (1) cok ince ve ince kristalli dolomitler (T1; hakim boyut 13-26 m), (2) iri kristalli dolomitler (T2; hakim boyut 65-130 m) ve (3) dolomit cimento (T3). Bunlar arasinda T1 ve T2-tip dolomitler yaygindir ve endustriyel hammadde yonunden oneme sahiptir. XRD analizleri orneklerin cogunlukla dolomit, ikincil olarak kalsit ve tali olarak kuvars mineralleri icerdigini gosterir. ICP-ES analizleri birinci tip dolomitlerin (T1) ortalama % 20.76 MgO, % 31.10 CaO, % 1...
CATENA
Abstract Calcretes are common in the Eskisehir province, and occur as powder, nodules, tubes, fra... more Abstract Calcretes are common in the Eskisehir province, and occur as powder, nodules, tubes, fracture-infills, and hard laminated crusts. They are white in color, and developed in the near surface setting of the Pliocene reddish-brown mudstones. Calcrete profiles consist mainly of isolated calcrete occurrences within mudstone. Palygorskite occurs generally as a beige colored layer in the mudstone and also as a minor component in the calcretes. The calcrete nodules are roughly spherical to ellipsoidal in shape with diameters of 3 to 20 cm, and are composed mainly of micrite, locally recrystallized to microsparite and sparite. Detrital quartz and feldspar “float” in the micritic groundmass. Circumgranular cracks, crumbly fractures and rhizoliths are also present. XRD analyses indicate that calcrete samples are comprised mainly of calcite accompanied by small amounts of palygorskite, quartz, feldspar, smectite, chlorite, and locally accessory illite and amphibole. The SEM/TEM images indicate that palygorskite fibers formed singly, as bundles, knitted and/or matted aggregates; either covering calcite crystals or smectite aggregates, or as a meniscus-cement between smectite flakes. The latter are precipitated from meteoric water flushed through the open pore system of the sediments close to the surface. Based on the SEM images, palygorskite is presumed to have formed authigenically by direct precipitation in the vadose zone of a lacustrine environment following precipitation of calcite. The δ13C and δ18O values of calcite indicate calcretization from meteoric soil-water in an arid environment. Enrichment of Ba ± Sr, Ni and LREE relative to MREE + HREE, and a negative Eu anomaly, reflect the fractionation of feldspar and amphibole in the parent mudstone. The palygorskite associated with calcretes and mudstone was precipitated from alkaline water rich in Si, Al, Fe and Mg having Mg-rich character with a structural formula of Si7.94Al0.06O20Mg2.96Al0.99Fe0.31(OH)2(OH2)4Ca0.12K0.01·nH2O. The required elements were derived from ophiolitic melange and volcanic units.
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The effects of winter green manure crops on organic cucumber production were determined in unheat... more The effects of winter green manure crops on organic cucumber production were determined in unheated greenhouse conditions in order to integrate soil building and conservation practices, which are critically important in greenhouse production without crop rotation. The study was conducted between 2006 and 2008 to compare (1) pea (Pisum sativum L.), (2) Italian rye-grass (Lolium multiflorum L.), and (3) common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) as winter green manure plants. These treatments were compared with a control without green manuring (4). All of the plots were divided into halves, and poultry manure was applied as 0 (-PM) and 0.75 kg m(-2) (+PM) to each. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus 'Sardes') was grown as a spring cycle production after winter green manure plants were incorporated into the soil. Treatments were evaluated in terms of yield, fruit quality parameters such as electrical conductivity, pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, and dry weight. Soil fertility and pest/...
International Journal of Coal Geology
Abstract Abundant beige and white kaolinite claystone layers, 2–50 cm thick from the Tuncbilek ba... more Abstract Abundant beige and white kaolinite claystone layers, 2–50 cm thick from the Tuncbilek basin have the characteristics of tonsteins. The aim of this study was to determine the mode of formation of the tonsteins, together with their mineralogical and geochemical characteristics, in order to identify their environment of deposition. The Miocene lacustrine units in the Tuncbilek lignite deposit associated with tuff and tuffite are comprised of organic-rich shale, organic-rich marl, marl, claystone, silty claystone, siltstone, sandstone, coal seam, and conglomerate deposited in a fluvial and lacustrine environment. Sanidine, plagioclase, biotite and chlorite are partly to completely argillized and enclosed in an authigenic clay matrix in the rhyolitic to rhyodacitic tuff/tuffite, sandstone, organic-rich shale, and serpentinite host rocks of the clay deposit. Abundant kaolinite and quartz are associated with smectite, illite, feldspar, calcite, dolomite, siderite, pyrite, barite, and gypsum. Development of oriented 7 A halloysite tubes on/in altered volcanogenic materials associated with kaolinite, and the occurrence of vermiform kaolinite edging disordered kaolinite, locally siderite and pyrite crystals may suggest formation of halloysite following kaolinite. The reaction pathway is: volcanic glass + feldspar + muscovite/biotite → 7 A halloysite → kaolinite. The slight enrichment of light rare earth elements (LREE) compared to heavy rare earth elements (HREE) with positive Eu anomalies (based on Upper Continental Crust (UCC) normalized values) reflects fractional crystallization of feldspar and amphibole in the parent volcanic rocks and organic-rich shale. Alteration of feldspar, biotite and volcanic glass resulted in the concentration of Al, Si, Fe, Mg, and K and precipitation of kaolinite in an acidic open hydrological system, while in a stagnant and alkaline environment smectite and illite are the alteration products. The Al2O3/TiO2 and low Cr/Ni ratios suggest felsic parent rocks. The trace elements ratios such as Ni/Co, V/Cr, Cu/Zn and U/Th among the basement complex source rocks units also suggest oxic, suboxic, and anoxic conditions. The occurrence of Pinus, Alnus, Quercus, Alnus, Carya, Taxodiaceae and Myrica palymorphs reflect a subtropical to warm temperature, humid climate, low elevations and swamp vegetation condition during the Early–Middle Miocene period in the study area. Association of argillization and silicification with coal, pyrite, and gypsum indicates a swampy environment and hydrothermal processes. This interpretation is corroborated by the calculated formation temperatures from stable isotope analysis of 148.8–168 °C for kaolinite and 145–169.2 °C for smectite. The low δS isotope values of pyrite (−19 to 2.9‰) and high positive values of gypsum (11.5–21.7‰) indicate a mixed diagenetic and hydrothermal origin for the sulfide and sulfate mineral.
Arabian Journal of Geosciences
Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, Nov 21, 2000
Adsorption Science Technology, Feb 19, 2015
... Physicochemical Characterization of Natural and Na+-, K+-, Ca2+- and Mg2+-modified Clinoptilo... more ... Physicochemical Characterization of Natural and Na+-, K+-, Ca2+- and Mg2+-modified Clinoptilolite from Gördes (Manisa, Turkey) Tevfik Ünaldı1*, Önder Orhun2 and Selahattin Kadir3 ... 2003; Erdem et al. 2004; Mozgawa and Bajda 2006; Karadag˘ et al. 2006; Wang et al. ...
Carbonate Evaporite, 1998
Journal of Molecular Structure, 2013
Carbonates and Evaporites, 1998
Neogene (Upper Miocene-Pliocene) lacustrine sediments of northern Konya consist of conglomerate, ... more Neogene (Upper Miocene-Pliocene) lacustrine sediments of northern Konya consist of conglomerate, sandstone, marl, mudstone, claystone, clayey limestone,and limestone. Limestones are white, beige-creamcolored, fine-grainedand contain remnants of plant roots. Brecciation, caleretion, mud cracks, and dissolution voids are common. Claystonesare typical with white and green colors. Green claystonecroppingout at the lower part of the sequence is alternated with mudstoneand sandstone. White claystonealternatingwith carbonate units appears at the upper part of the sequence. Carbonateunits are found as intercalatedlayers and lenses of conglomerate, sandstone, and mudstone.
Turkish Journal of Earth …, 2008
Quaternary calcretes are widespread in the Mersin area and occur in a variety of forms. Several d... more Quaternary calcretes are widespread in the Mersin area and occur in a variety of forms. Several distinct calcrete profiles are recognized and subdivided into two major groups defined by mature and immature profiles. Mature calcrete profiles comprise a generally isolated calcrete horizon at the base and hard laminated crust at the top with rarely pisolithic crust in the uppermost part. The immature calcrete profiles consist mainly of an isolated calcrete horizon which is rarely overlain by a laminated crust. Calcrete forms show three main stages of development: (i) a mottled or plugged horizon, comprising isolated calcrete forms such as powdery, nodule, tube, and fracture-fill; (ii) calcareous crusts, including laminar and hard laminated calcrete crusts, and (iii) a pisolithic crust which is very restricted. The plugged horizon, in which calcite is precipitated from downward moving percolating water, reduces the permeability of the host-rocks. Later, the plugged horizon leads to the horizontal movement of percolating water with formation of a calcareous crust. Finally, a pisolithic crust forms by down-slope movement of the grains and their accumulation in troughs between dome-like structures. XRD, ICP-AES and SEM analyses show that calcrete samples are composed predominantly of calcite, and palygorskite is closely associated with them as a minor constituent. Calcite δ 18 O and δ 13 C isotope values of calcrete samples vary between -4.31 to -6.82 and -6.03 to -9.65 ‰ PDB, respectively which indicates formation from percolating meteoric water at, or near to, the surface and supporting a thin column of soil. Abundance of beta fabric constituents and negative calcite δ 13 C values suggest a pedogenic origin for the calcretes. They appear to have formed from percolating soil-derived water mainly by precipitation and replacement, and also by displacive replacement (detrital grain calcification) and biomineralization under alternating wet and dry climatic conditions. Özet: Mersin yöresinde, Kuvaterner kalişler yaygındır ve değişik şekillerde oluşur. Yörede birkaç belirgin kaliş profili ayırt edilirken, olgun ve olgunlaşmamış profiller olarak başlıca iki alt gruba ayrılırlar. Olgun kaliş profilleri genellikle tabanda ayrık kaliş seviyesinden ve üstte sert laminalı kabuktan, ve nadiren en üstte pizolitik kabuktan oluşur. Olgunlaşmamış kaliş profilleri başlıca ayrık kaliş seviyesinden oluşur ve oldukça yersel alanlarda nadiren laminalı kabuk tarafından üzerlenir. Kaliş şekilleri arazide üç gelişim evresi gösterir: (i) toz, yumru, tüp ve çatlak dolgusu gibi ayrık kaliş şekilleri içeren lekeli veya geçirimsiz seviye; (ii) laminalı ve sert laminalı kaliş kabuk seviyelerini içeren kireçli kabuklar; ve (iii) oldukça sınırlı pizolitik kabuk. Kalsitin aşağı sızan sulardan çökeldiği geçirimsiz seviye ana kayaç veya çökellerin geçirimliliğini azaltmıştır. Daha sonra, geçirimsiz seviye sızan suların yatay hareketine öncülük yapmış, bu yüzden kireçli kabuklar oluşmuştur. Son olarak pizolitik kabuk tanelerin yamaç aşağı hareketi ve onların domsu yapılar arasındaki çukurluklarda yığışmasıyla oluşmuştur. XRD, ICP-AES ve SEM analizleri kaliş örneklerinin hakim olarak kalsitten meydana geldiğini ve paligorskitin onlarla küçük bileşen olarak sıkı bir şekilde bulunduğunu gösterir. Kaliş örneklerinin kalsit δ 18 O ve δ 13 C izotop değerleri sırasıyla -4.31 ile -6.82 ve -6.03 ile -9.65 ‰ PDB arasında değişir. Bu değerler yüzeyde veya yüzeye yakın ince toprak örtüsü altında sızan tatlı sudan oluşumu gösterir. Beta doku bileşenlerinin bolluğu ve negatif kalsit δ 13 C değerleri kalişler için pedojenik kökeni önerir. Kalişler, tekrarlanan nemli ve kurak iklim koşulları altında, sızan toprak kökenli sulardan başlıca çökelim ve ornatmayla, ve ayrıca yer değiştiren ornatım (detrital tane kalsitleşmesi) ve biyomineralleşme ile oluşmuştur.
Adsorption Science & Technology, 2009
... Physicochemical Characterization of Natural and Na+-, K+-, Ca2+- and Mg2+-modified Clinoptilo... more ... Physicochemical Characterization of Natural and Na+-, K+-, Ca2+- and Mg2+-modified Clinoptilolite from Gördes (Manisa, Turkey) Tevfik Ünaldı1*, Önder Orhun2 and Selahattin Kadir3 ... 2003; Erdem et al. 2004; Mozgawa and Bajda 2006; Karadag˘ et al. 2006; Wang et al. ...
Earth Sciences Research Journal, 2016
Quaternary International, Jun 1, 2007
Influences of Holocene climatic and sea level changes on sedimentation on the continental shelf o... more Influences of Holocene climatic and sea level changes on sedimentation on the continental shelf off the Bu¨yu¨k Menderes River delta, SW Turkey were investigated using grain size and X-ray clay mineralogical data on surficial and 14C-dated core sediments collected at 19-81 m water depths. Modern, fine-grained, siliciclastic sediments cover most of the seafloor of inner to mid-shelf areas. A narrow, relict belt extends from northwest to south (at 66-81 m water depths), where sediments are characterized by abundant sand and gravel (27-52%) and biogenic carbonate (16-44%) contents, and microscopic examination suggests an older origin. The radiocarbon ages of mid and lower sections in cores (3670-10,380 yr BP) reflect sedimentation under depositional conditions from early to late Holocene in the study area. Additionally, downcore changes of grain size toward coarser-grained sediments most probably record global climatic effects with sea level changes, specifically the transition from lowstand in early Holocene to highstand at mid-late Holocene. The presence of this relict belt in offshore waters can be attributed largely to active uplift tectonics. The coarser-grained relict belt, compared with available seismic profiles, corresponds to an lowstand unconformity of bottomset beds of the prograding Bu¨yu¨k Menderes Delta.
Clays and Clay Minerals, Jun 1, 2003
... GeoRef]. Ece,Ö.I. and Çoban, F. (1994) Geology, occurrence and genesis of Eski ehir sepiolite... more ... GeoRef]. Ece,Ö.I. and Çoban, F. (1994) Geology, occurrence and genesis of Eski ehir sepiolites, Turkey. ... Pp. 2331 in: Sixth Petroleum Congress of Turkey (A. Güven, A. Dinçer and AS Derman, editors), Ankara (in Turkish). Ercan ...
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Papers by Selahattin Kadir