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Kabita Sahu

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Papers by Kabita Sahu

Energy Security and Sustainable Development in Nigeria

Oman Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 2014

This paper has critically examined the relationship between energy security and sustainable devel... more This paper has critically examined the relationship between energy security and sustainable development in Nigeria. We applied elite theory as theoretical framework for the study. We further adopted as methodology, the critical mode of research. The paper highlights that energy security prospects in Nigeria would require beneficial specificities in the form of incremental modeling. Furthermore, the study underscored the most critical challenge to energy security in the Nigerian state as the character of national politics, as dictated by the elite. The paper has furthermore, highlighted the plausibilities in the solar energy option for Nigeria's energy-mix in particular and in an overall context, the country's energy security. Energy security and sustainable development the paper concludes are positively interrelated. The realization of this laudable position requires all institutions and communities to renew and reinvent themselves, and begin to listen and resonate with each other, whereby individual members and the group as a whole, would begin to operate with a heightened level of energy and sense of future possibility. Consequently, they begin to function as an intentional vehicle for an emerging future. It is such an emerging future of energy security the paper concludes, that guarantees sustainable development.

Sustainability of Microfinance Institutions in India

Microfinance and Its Impact on Entrepreneurial Development, Sustainability, and Inclusive Growth, 2018

The objective of the chapter is to analyze the performance and constraints of selected occupation... more The objective of the chapter is to analyze the performance and constraints of selected occupation-related SHGs in India and examine the sustainability of SHGs providing microfinance on the basis of secondary data and primary data from Kendrapara district of Odisha, India. It is observed that majority of the SHG members are in young age group with low level of literacy, small and medium level of land holding, medium level of dependency ratio, forming experience, family encouragement, deferred gratification, risk willingness achievement motivation, and economic activities. The major variables that have contributed for enhancing the performance of SHGs are family encouragement, risk willingness, achievement motivation, extension participation, extension contact, and training programs. In order to enhance further motivation and build confidence, proper market linkage and training programs need to be established. Further, to ensure sustainable development of SHGs in future, federation of...

Education for Sustainable Development of Tribal Girls in Odisha

Indian Journal of Economics and Development, 2021

Trend of Growth and Productivity of Horticultural Products in India and Odisha

EPRA International Journal of Research & Development (IJRD), 2021

The objective of the study is to analyse the trend, growth and productivity of horticulture crops... more The objective of the study is to analyse the trend, growth and productivity of horticulture crops in India and Odisha. The study is based on secondary data. It is observed that the factors like market scenario, export promotion, suitable climatic condition, and storage facility to avoid damage risk of crops are very crucial. There are lots of factors that affect the growth trend of different horticulture crops. The overall trend is fluctuating over the years. All the crops those are taken in to consideration for the study are in declining trend. There is a need of effective approach to enlarge horticulture sector. The factors like irrigation facility, market condition of the horticultural products, promotion of the crops, storage facility of the crops, training of the farmers and environmental factors such as climate and geographical characteristics such as quality of soil and ground water table influence the horticulture practices as well as other agriculture productivity and expor...

Status of Education in India

The objective of this paper is to analyse the status of education in India in terms of education ... more The objective of this paper is to analyse the status of education in India in terms of education stage wise distribution of students, gross enrolment ratio and caste wise distribution of students. Educational Expenditure as a per cent of GDP is highest in case of Saudi followed by India, Bangladesh and it is lowest in Pakistan. In case of India, it is 3.8 and it comes under the Countries with low EDI. As many as 83 per cent of the total 1,061 thousand habitations have access to primary schooling facilities within 1 km. The average percent of approved outlay in case of technical education was 49.97 percent of total educational outlay. In case of girls the gross enrolment ratio is 96.70 in 2010-11. The educational expenditure in India also not so uniform in its regions and the level of education. There is urgent need to increase the expenditure on education by States and central government with a view to increase the share of the State governments in achieving the target of expenditur...

Growth and Employment Linkage in India

International Journal of Social Science and Interdisciplinary Research, 2015

The objective of this paper is to analyse linkage between economic growth and employment in India... more The objective of this paper is to analyse linkage between economic growth and employment in India. The study is based on secondary data collected from NSS reports of India. The rate of growth of employment has declined from 2.7 per cent per year in the period 1983-84 to only 1.07 per cent per year in 1994-2010 for all of India. GDP growth has accelerated from 3.5% per year in the sixties and seventies to annual rate of 5.4% in the 1980s, 6.3% during the decade starting 1992-93 and more than 8% after 2005. Employment growth in the secondary sector, consisting of mining, manufacturing, electricity, water and gas, and construction, has been relatively high. Employment growth in the tertiary or services sector has also been relatively high. Growth of employment in the primary sector, as expected, has been the lowest and seen the sharpest decline. It has, in fact, turned negative in recent years. In the secondary sector, a high employment growth despite moderate rates of GDP growth has b...

Aspects of growth and variability of agricultural production in Orissa an empirical investigation into marketable surplus

Demand-supply mismatch, energy security and sustainable development in India

The objective of this paper is to analyze the trend and pattern of energy use, demand-supply mism... more The objective of this paper is to analyze the trend and pattern of energy use, demand-supply mismatch, energy challenges, the cause and effect relationship between energy and economic development, and it’s sustainability in India. The study is based on secondary data collected from energy policy reports, economic survey of India and reports of oil corporations of India. The study has used methods of compound growth rate and energy elasticity to analyse the present and future energy challenge in India. In terms of primary energy consumption, India ranks fifth in the world and accounts for about 3.5 per cent of the world’s commercial energy demand. But the country lacks sufficient domestic energy resources, particularly of petroleum and natural gas and must import much of its growing requirements. Currently, about 35% of India’s commercial energy needs are imported. Energy security and sustainable development are critical issues to ensure India’s economic growth. The trend of the prim...

Productivity linked wage in manufacturing sector

The objective of the paper is to analyse the linkage between wage and labour productivity in Manu... more The objective of the paper is to analyse the linkage between wage and labour productivity in Manufacturing sector in Odisha using time series data from 1998–99 to 2008–09. Most important variables which have been taken for the observation are number of workers, wages to workers and net value added in particular year. It is observed that the correlation co-efficient is 0.883 which signifies that wages paid to workers and labour productivity is highly positively correlated in manufacturing sector of Odisha. Productivity-linked wages has become an important choice for enterprises to increase profit. Linking productivity and wages has a positive effect on the economy.

Micro Pension and Economic Protection in India

The objectives of the paper is to analyse the concept and coverage of micro pension scheme for so... more The objectives of the paper is to analyse the concept and coverage of micro pension scheme for social protection of people in unorganized sector in India. Micro Pension refers to any financial arrangement to build up assets for old age income for poor people. It refer to a long term savings, by relatively low income, informal sector workers, with the objective of obtaining income security during old age. Majority of low income workers are vulnerable to old age poverty as barely 5 per cent of it has saving habit. About 67 per cent of households in India are nuclear families who need economic security at old ages when flow of income is less. About 85 percent of India’s workforce is in the informal sector and a third of them earn under Rs 3,000 per month. Most of them will become destitute when they stop working. More than 85% of all rural workers in India get wages below the minimum standard of Rs 66 per day.In India the major chunk of our working population are belongs to informal se...

An Empirical Study of Determinants of Child Labour

The objective of the study is to analyse the nature and magnitude of the problem and determinants... more The objective of the study is to analyse the nature and magnitude of the problem and determinants of child labour and their participation in the workforce at an early age in Cuttack City of Odisha on the basis of primary data. The regression results reveal that family income has significant negative impact on the working hour of the child labour. Family size is a non economic factor which affect the working hour of child labour significantly. Children's desire to work has a positive and significant influence on employment of working children. Child labours are from poor and larger families who are forced to join labour force to supplement the family income. Free basic facilities and education to extreme poor, community participation, awareness among the people, parents and particularly women's education and active participation of the citizens and local bodies can reduce incidence of child labour in India.

Mapping Composition of Trade in South Asian Countries

The objective of the paper is to examine the regional and international trade structures through ... more The objective of the paper is to examine the regional and international trade structures through customary trade practices such as commodity composition and direction of trade, and bilateral trade shares of the South Asian countries and the obstacles of Preferential Trade Liberalization. South Asia accounts for higher level of trade barriers although shares an insignificant portion of world trade. However the South Asian Preferential trade agreements held on 2-4 May 1995 at the 8 th SAARC summit in Delhi promoted economic cooperation among the members of states in spite of some political splat. However the economic factors are more responsible for sharpening the position of trade than the political issues. This makes the point very clear that much of trade diversion than trade creation can be promoted by Preferential Trade Liberalization making the rich countries richer and poor countries poorer.

Economics of Subsidy in India

Asian Journal of Research in Business Economics and Management, 2014

The government has continued to subsidies petroleum with the intention of maintaining the purchas... more The government has continued to subsidies petroleum with the intention of maintaining the purchasing power of the poor. In line with an increase in the demand for oil, the government's budgeted amounts for the petroleum subsidy has been rising significantly. Petroleum subsidy has increased by twenty-seven fold in the last six years. In this context, the objectives of the study are to examine the trend and pattern of subsidies in petroleum sector in India. The total petroleum subsidy including all the petroleum products are shown an increasing trend after 2005–06 to 2012. It had a declining trend from 1999–00 to 2005–06. It increases in that period after 2005–06, especially since 2008–09 is due to the galloping consumption of petroleum products. Subsidy as percentage of GDP fluctuates every year and petroleum subsidy was 0.46% where as food subsidy was 0.79% and fertilizer subsidy was 0.69% of GDP in 2012–13.

Trend, Growth, and Problems of Road Transport in India

Advances in Finance, Accounting, and Economics, 2017

The objectives of the present chapter are to analyze the trend, growth, problems of road transpor... more The objectives of the present chapter are to analyze the trend, growth, problems of road transport and inter-state variation in road network in the country with the help of secondary data. India has one of the largest road networks in the world, of 33.14 lakh km, consisting of (1) national highways (NHs), (2) State highways (SHs), (3) major district roads (MDRs), and (4) rural roads (RRs) that include other district roads and village roads. The growth rate of road was 12.50 per cent in 2014 due to significant increase in urban roads. The road density per 100 Sq KM of land area is 142.68 in India. The road density has increased from 3.28 km in 2001 to 3.96 km in 2014, registering a CAGR of 3.9%. Inter-state analysis of road transport reveals that Andhra Pradesh has highest road length followed by Uttar Pradesh and Karnataka.

Green Growth and Energy Use in India

Research Anthology on Clean Energy Management and Solutions, 2021

The objective of the chapter is to analyze the trend and pattern of energy use, energy challenges... more The objective of the chapter is to analyze the trend and pattern of energy use, energy challenges of India, and the sustainability through green growth strategy. The study is based on secondary data collected from energy outlook, integrated energy policy, world development indicators, and RBI database. Energy security and sustainable development are critical issues to ensure India's economic growth and its human development. Transport sector energy demand witnesses a noticeable increase, growing by almost three times, from 125 Mtoe in 2012 to about 360 Mtoe in 2018. India has a vast supply of renewable energy resources, and it has one of the largest programs in the world for deploying renewable energy products and systems. The share of oil has in particular fallen from 36% to 33%, while that of natural gas has increased from 23% to 24%, and that of renewable energy (including nuclear and large hydro) has gone up from 12.5% to 14% in the period 2005-15. There is urgent need to ha...

Digitalisation, Online Learning and Virtual World

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research, 2020

The objective of the paper is to analyse the process of digitization, progress and challenges of ... more The objective of the paper is to analyse the process of digitization, progress and challenges of online teaching and learning. The paper is based on secondary sources of information and data. The digitalisation has influenced the social and economic activities of the world drastically. Educational practices and policies, particularly, online teaching and learning has emerged as consequence of digital turn. Online education has a pedagogical shift in teaching and learning methods. However, online learning is a new form of distance learning, which has following types: 1. Correspondence Courses, 2. Tele-courses 3. CD-ROM Courses 4. Online Learning through ZOOM, Skype, Google Meet 5. Mobile Learning through WhatsApp etc. Online learning is capable of satisfying the requirements of increasing student population who cannot join in traditional classrooms. The benefits of online teaching and learning are (i) Convenience (ii) Enhanced Learning (iii) Bridging regional gaps (iv) Interaction (v) Innovative Teaching (vi) Improved Administration (vii) Savings (viii) Maximisation of Resources (ix) Outreach. The education sector is adopting online education system and virtual classes are the best solution to protect the students from spread of corona virus.

Phillips Curve and Inflation in India

Asian Journal of Research in Banking and Finance, 2017

The objectives of the study are to investigate the trend and linkages of inflation, unemployment,... more The objectives of the study are to investigate the trend and linkages of inflation, unemployment, Gross domestic product and interest rate and to analyse the validity of Phillips curve in India in post reform period. The study is based on secondary data on inflation, unemployment, interest rate and GDP in India from 1991 to 2015. The data have been collected from World Bank Development Indicators from the world bank website. The data are analyzed through tables, graphs, correlation, regression and granger causality tests. The average inflation rate in post reform period is 6.70 whereas unemployment rate is 3.99, interest rate is 12.83 and GDP growth rate is 6.51. The fluctuation in inflation rate is more than other variables because the standard deviation of inflation rate is 2.70. The coefficient of linear trend of inflation is-0.185 and that of unemployment is-0.0277. The Pearson's coefficient matrix shows that the value of correlation coefficient between inflation and unemployment is-0.02, which implies that there is a negative and low correlation between them. The relation between inflation and GDP is-0.31 which implies that there is a negative and low correlation between inflation and GDP. It is also found from the table that there is a positive and high correlation between inflation and interest rate which is 0.61. Regression coefficient of unemployment is negative but regression coefficient of interest rate is positive. The Regression coefficient of unemployment and interest rate are significant as significant values are 0.036 and 0.001 respectively. The coefficient of GDP is not significant. Higher interest rate results higher inflation since the coefficient is positive. There is negative relationship between inflation and unemployment as coefficient of determination is-0.02. This establishes the Phillips Curve. Since the P value is 0.91, the regression coefficient is not significant. As the regression is based on long time series data of 25 years, the relation between inflation and unemployment is acceptable because the long run relationship is not significant as per macroeconomic literature.

Physical and financial performance of mgnregs in Mayurbhanj district of Odisha

Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 2013

The objectives of paper are to analyse block wise physical Performance, financial Performance, pe... more The objectives of paper are to analyse block wise physical Performance, financial Performance, person-days of employment created, fund utilization under MGNREGS in mayurbhanj district of Odisha during 2006–2011. Mayurbhanj has completed six years of NREGA implementation. Among 26 blocks, Badasahi block has issued maximum number of job cards followed by Betanoti, Kaptipada, Kuliana and Samakhunta. Sikruli block has issued the lowest. Tiring, Jamda, Baripada and Rasgobindapur are other blocks which have issued less number of cards. Coming to utilization of funds, Gopabandhunagar block followed by Sarakshana and Bijatala have made significant utilization of funds of more than 80% of the funds allocated. As many as 14 blocks of Mayurbhanj have exceeded the wage-non wage ratio by margins varying from 1 to 14. Morada block is the worst performer in this front. Rasgovindpur has also failed miserably in meeting the mandate as the proportion of expenditure on unskilled wages. However, Samakhunta appears to have just reached the margin.

Inflation in South Asia and It's Macro Economic Linkages

Researchers World, Jul 1, 2012

ABSTRACTThe objective of this paper is to analyze the consumer price inflation in South Asian Cou... more ABSTRACTThe objective of this paper is to analyze the consumer price inflation in South Asian Countries from 2000 to 2008. The annual percentage change in CPI and Average Annual Growth Rate in Consumer Price Indices are analyzed to examine the trend of inflation in South Asian Countries like Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan & Sri Lanka. India has average inflation of 5% but Sri Lanka is the hardest hit by the inflation among South Asian countries. Bhutan has very low rate of inflation and Maldives has rising trend of inflation. The inflation rates are co-related with the growth rate of gross domestic product and money supply of South Asian Countries. There is positive co-relation between the rate of inflation and rate of changed in GDP at constant prices in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka but negative corelation in Nepal. There is negative co-relation between rate of inflation and changes in money supply in Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan but positive co-relation in Nepal and Sri Lanka. In Pakistan the consumer price inflation is mainly due to oil price hike and food inflation. So the inflation scenario in South Asia is adverse to economic development as it is above 5% in most of the countries.Keywords: Inflation, Correlation, Money Supply, Macro Economics, Variable.INTRODUCTION:Inflation is a global phenomenon and significant macro economic variable which affect the economic growth of all most all countries of the world. While some amount of inflation is inevitable and is perhaps necessary to accompany development, inflation beyond a certain limit is considered undesirable. A mild rate of inflation within 4 percent per year is good for an economy, but many developing countries of the world are experiencing inflation above the mild rate which is harmful for the economy. Control of inflation has, therefore, become one of the primary objectives of Government intervention in many developing countries(Islam,2008). The inflation has been over stressed as a prime element in the policies prescribed by the international financial organizations and donor countries in the frame work of conditionality of lending. The inflation is measured from the changes in consumer price index (CPI ) in all countries. The objective of this research paper is to analyze the inflation scenario in South Asian Countries (Afghanistan, Bhutan, Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) with it's macro economic linkages.LITERATURE REVIEW:Empirical studies in pre-growth period( before 1990) generally found a negative inflation-growth relationship. A pre-growth literature study in 1985 had already reported a finding that GDP growth was negatively related to the growth rate of inflation. Fischer (1993) reported that growth was related inversely to inflation. New growth models of course focused on the long run. The collective wisdom of the literature could be made consistent by saying that inflation was positively related to growth at short-run, cyclical frequencies, but negatively related to growth at long-run, steady-state frequencies. There was only one problem with this reconciliation of the short run and long run that there was no robust long-run, cross- section relationship between inflation and growth. The statistically significant negative relationships in the new growth period. Several studies have estimated a negative relationship between inflation and economic growth. Nevertheless, some studies have accounted for the opposite. Thirlwall and Barton (1971), in one of the earliest cross-country studies, report a positive relationship between inflation and growth in a cross section of industrial countries and a negative relationship in a cross section of 7 developing countries.Gillman et al. (2002), based on a panel data of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) countries, indicate that the reduction of high and medium inflation (double digits) to moderate single digit figures has a significant positive effect on growth for the OECD countries, and to a lesser extent for the APEC countries. …

Structure of unemployment and gender gap in India

Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 2013

Energy Security and Sustainable Development in Nigeria

Oman Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 2014

This paper has critically examined the relationship between energy security and sustainable devel... more This paper has critically examined the relationship between energy security and sustainable development in Nigeria. We applied elite theory as theoretical framework for the study. We further adopted as methodology, the critical mode of research. The paper highlights that energy security prospects in Nigeria would require beneficial specificities in the form of incremental modeling. Furthermore, the study underscored the most critical challenge to energy security in the Nigerian state as the character of national politics, as dictated by the elite. The paper has furthermore, highlighted the plausibilities in the solar energy option for Nigeria's energy-mix in particular and in an overall context, the country's energy security. Energy security and sustainable development the paper concludes are positively interrelated. The realization of this laudable position requires all institutions and communities to renew and reinvent themselves, and begin to listen and resonate with each other, whereby individual members and the group as a whole, would begin to operate with a heightened level of energy and sense of future possibility. Consequently, they begin to function as an intentional vehicle for an emerging future. It is such an emerging future of energy security the paper concludes, that guarantees sustainable development.

Sustainability of Microfinance Institutions in India

Microfinance and Its Impact on Entrepreneurial Development, Sustainability, and Inclusive Growth, 2018

The objective of the chapter is to analyze the performance and constraints of selected occupation... more The objective of the chapter is to analyze the performance and constraints of selected occupation-related SHGs in India and examine the sustainability of SHGs providing microfinance on the basis of secondary data and primary data from Kendrapara district of Odisha, India. It is observed that majority of the SHG members are in young age group with low level of literacy, small and medium level of land holding, medium level of dependency ratio, forming experience, family encouragement, deferred gratification, risk willingness achievement motivation, and economic activities. The major variables that have contributed for enhancing the performance of SHGs are family encouragement, risk willingness, achievement motivation, extension participation, extension contact, and training programs. In order to enhance further motivation and build confidence, proper market linkage and training programs need to be established. Further, to ensure sustainable development of SHGs in future, federation of...

Education for Sustainable Development of Tribal Girls in Odisha

Indian Journal of Economics and Development, 2021

Trend of Growth and Productivity of Horticultural Products in India and Odisha

EPRA International Journal of Research & Development (IJRD), 2021

The objective of the study is to analyse the trend, growth and productivity of horticulture crops... more The objective of the study is to analyse the trend, growth and productivity of horticulture crops in India and Odisha. The study is based on secondary data. It is observed that the factors like market scenario, export promotion, suitable climatic condition, and storage facility to avoid damage risk of crops are very crucial. There are lots of factors that affect the growth trend of different horticulture crops. The overall trend is fluctuating over the years. All the crops those are taken in to consideration for the study are in declining trend. There is a need of effective approach to enlarge horticulture sector. The factors like irrigation facility, market condition of the horticultural products, promotion of the crops, storage facility of the crops, training of the farmers and environmental factors such as climate and geographical characteristics such as quality of soil and ground water table influence the horticulture practices as well as other agriculture productivity and expor...

Status of Education in India

The objective of this paper is to analyse the status of education in India in terms of education ... more The objective of this paper is to analyse the status of education in India in terms of education stage wise distribution of students, gross enrolment ratio and caste wise distribution of students. Educational Expenditure as a per cent of GDP is highest in case of Saudi followed by India, Bangladesh and it is lowest in Pakistan. In case of India, it is 3.8 and it comes under the Countries with low EDI. As many as 83 per cent of the total 1,061 thousand habitations have access to primary schooling facilities within 1 km. The average percent of approved outlay in case of technical education was 49.97 percent of total educational outlay. In case of girls the gross enrolment ratio is 96.70 in 2010-11. The educational expenditure in India also not so uniform in its regions and the level of education. There is urgent need to increase the expenditure on education by States and central government with a view to increase the share of the State governments in achieving the target of expenditur...

Growth and Employment Linkage in India

International Journal of Social Science and Interdisciplinary Research, 2015

The objective of this paper is to analyse linkage between economic growth and employment in India... more The objective of this paper is to analyse linkage between economic growth and employment in India. The study is based on secondary data collected from NSS reports of India. The rate of growth of employment has declined from 2.7 per cent per year in the period 1983-84 to only 1.07 per cent per year in 1994-2010 for all of India. GDP growth has accelerated from 3.5% per year in the sixties and seventies to annual rate of 5.4% in the 1980s, 6.3% during the decade starting 1992-93 and more than 8% after 2005. Employment growth in the secondary sector, consisting of mining, manufacturing, electricity, water and gas, and construction, has been relatively high. Employment growth in the tertiary or services sector has also been relatively high. Growth of employment in the primary sector, as expected, has been the lowest and seen the sharpest decline. It has, in fact, turned negative in recent years. In the secondary sector, a high employment growth despite moderate rates of GDP growth has b...

Aspects of growth and variability of agricultural production in Orissa an empirical investigation into marketable surplus

Demand-supply mismatch, energy security and sustainable development in India

The objective of this paper is to analyze the trend and pattern of energy use, demand-supply mism... more The objective of this paper is to analyze the trend and pattern of energy use, demand-supply mismatch, energy challenges, the cause and effect relationship between energy and economic development, and it’s sustainability in India. The study is based on secondary data collected from energy policy reports, economic survey of India and reports of oil corporations of India. The study has used methods of compound growth rate and energy elasticity to analyse the present and future energy challenge in India. In terms of primary energy consumption, India ranks fifth in the world and accounts for about 3.5 per cent of the world’s commercial energy demand. But the country lacks sufficient domestic energy resources, particularly of petroleum and natural gas and must import much of its growing requirements. Currently, about 35% of India’s commercial energy needs are imported. Energy security and sustainable development are critical issues to ensure India’s economic growth. The trend of the prim...

Productivity linked wage in manufacturing sector

The objective of the paper is to analyse the linkage between wage and labour productivity in Manu... more The objective of the paper is to analyse the linkage between wage and labour productivity in Manufacturing sector in Odisha using time series data from 1998–99 to 2008–09. Most important variables which have been taken for the observation are number of workers, wages to workers and net value added in particular year. It is observed that the correlation co-efficient is 0.883 which signifies that wages paid to workers and labour productivity is highly positively correlated in manufacturing sector of Odisha. Productivity-linked wages has become an important choice for enterprises to increase profit. Linking productivity and wages has a positive effect on the economy.

Micro Pension and Economic Protection in India

The objectives of the paper is to analyse the concept and coverage of micro pension scheme for so... more The objectives of the paper is to analyse the concept and coverage of micro pension scheme for social protection of people in unorganized sector in India. Micro Pension refers to any financial arrangement to build up assets for old age income for poor people. It refer to a long term savings, by relatively low income, informal sector workers, with the objective of obtaining income security during old age. Majority of low income workers are vulnerable to old age poverty as barely 5 per cent of it has saving habit. About 67 per cent of households in India are nuclear families who need economic security at old ages when flow of income is less. About 85 percent of India’s workforce is in the informal sector and a third of them earn under Rs 3,000 per month. Most of them will become destitute when they stop working. More than 85% of all rural workers in India get wages below the minimum standard of Rs 66 per day.In India the major chunk of our working population are belongs to informal se...

An Empirical Study of Determinants of Child Labour

The objective of the study is to analyse the nature and magnitude of the problem and determinants... more The objective of the study is to analyse the nature and magnitude of the problem and determinants of child labour and their participation in the workforce at an early age in Cuttack City of Odisha on the basis of primary data. The regression results reveal that family income has significant negative impact on the working hour of the child labour. Family size is a non economic factor which affect the working hour of child labour significantly. Children's desire to work has a positive and significant influence on employment of working children. Child labours are from poor and larger families who are forced to join labour force to supplement the family income. Free basic facilities and education to extreme poor, community participation, awareness among the people, parents and particularly women's education and active participation of the citizens and local bodies can reduce incidence of child labour in India.

Mapping Composition of Trade in South Asian Countries

The objective of the paper is to examine the regional and international trade structures through ... more The objective of the paper is to examine the regional and international trade structures through customary trade practices such as commodity composition and direction of trade, and bilateral trade shares of the South Asian countries and the obstacles of Preferential Trade Liberalization. South Asia accounts for higher level of trade barriers although shares an insignificant portion of world trade. However the South Asian Preferential trade agreements held on 2-4 May 1995 at the 8 th SAARC summit in Delhi promoted economic cooperation among the members of states in spite of some political splat. However the economic factors are more responsible for sharpening the position of trade than the political issues. This makes the point very clear that much of trade diversion than trade creation can be promoted by Preferential Trade Liberalization making the rich countries richer and poor countries poorer.

Economics of Subsidy in India

Asian Journal of Research in Business Economics and Management, 2014

The government has continued to subsidies petroleum with the intention of maintaining the purchas... more The government has continued to subsidies petroleum with the intention of maintaining the purchasing power of the poor. In line with an increase in the demand for oil, the government's budgeted amounts for the petroleum subsidy has been rising significantly. Petroleum subsidy has increased by twenty-seven fold in the last six years. In this context, the objectives of the study are to examine the trend and pattern of subsidies in petroleum sector in India. The total petroleum subsidy including all the petroleum products are shown an increasing trend after 2005–06 to 2012. It had a declining trend from 1999–00 to 2005–06. It increases in that period after 2005–06, especially since 2008–09 is due to the galloping consumption of petroleum products. Subsidy as percentage of GDP fluctuates every year and petroleum subsidy was 0.46% where as food subsidy was 0.79% and fertilizer subsidy was 0.69% of GDP in 2012–13.

Trend, Growth, and Problems of Road Transport in India

Advances in Finance, Accounting, and Economics, 2017

The objectives of the present chapter are to analyze the trend, growth, problems of road transpor... more The objectives of the present chapter are to analyze the trend, growth, problems of road transport and inter-state variation in road network in the country with the help of secondary data. India has one of the largest road networks in the world, of 33.14 lakh km, consisting of (1) national highways (NHs), (2) State highways (SHs), (3) major district roads (MDRs), and (4) rural roads (RRs) that include other district roads and village roads. The growth rate of road was 12.50 per cent in 2014 due to significant increase in urban roads. The road density per 100 Sq KM of land area is 142.68 in India. The road density has increased from 3.28 km in 2001 to 3.96 km in 2014, registering a CAGR of 3.9%. Inter-state analysis of road transport reveals that Andhra Pradesh has highest road length followed by Uttar Pradesh and Karnataka.

Green Growth and Energy Use in India

Research Anthology on Clean Energy Management and Solutions, 2021

The objective of the chapter is to analyze the trend and pattern of energy use, energy challenges... more The objective of the chapter is to analyze the trend and pattern of energy use, energy challenges of India, and the sustainability through green growth strategy. The study is based on secondary data collected from energy outlook, integrated energy policy, world development indicators, and RBI database. Energy security and sustainable development are critical issues to ensure India's economic growth and its human development. Transport sector energy demand witnesses a noticeable increase, growing by almost three times, from 125 Mtoe in 2012 to about 360 Mtoe in 2018. India has a vast supply of renewable energy resources, and it has one of the largest programs in the world for deploying renewable energy products and systems. The share of oil has in particular fallen from 36% to 33%, while that of natural gas has increased from 23% to 24%, and that of renewable energy (including nuclear and large hydro) has gone up from 12.5% to 14% in the period 2005-15. There is urgent need to ha...

Digitalisation, Online Learning and Virtual World

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research, 2020

The objective of the paper is to analyse the process of digitization, progress and challenges of ... more The objective of the paper is to analyse the process of digitization, progress and challenges of online teaching and learning. The paper is based on secondary sources of information and data. The digitalisation has influenced the social and economic activities of the world drastically. Educational practices and policies, particularly, online teaching and learning has emerged as consequence of digital turn. Online education has a pedagogical shift in teaching and learning methods. However, online learning is a new form of distance learning, which has following types: 1. Correspondence Courses, 2. Tele-courses 3. CD-ROM Courses 4. Online Learning through ZOOM, Skype, Google Meet 5. Mobile Learning through WhatsApp etc. Online learning is capable of satisfying the requirements of increasing student population who cannot join in traditional classrooms. The benefits of online teaching and learning are (i) Convenience (ii) Enhanced Learning (iii) Bridging regional gaps (iv) Interaction (v) Innovative Teaching (vi) Improved Administration (vii) Savings (viii) Maximisation of Resources (ix) Outreach. The education sector is adopting online education system and virtual classes are the best solution to protect the students from spread of corona virus.

Phillips Curve and Inflation in India

Asian Journal of Research in Banking and Finance, 2017

The objectives of the study are to investigate the trend and linkages of inflation, unemployment,... more The objectives of the study are to investigate the trend and linkages of inflation, unemployment, Gross domestic product and interest rate and to analyse the validity of Phillips curve in India in post reform period. The study is based on secondary data on inflation, unemployment, interest rate and GDP in India from 1991 to 2015. The data have been collected from World Bank Development Indicators from the world bank website. The data are analyzed through tables, graphs, correlation, regression and granger causality tests. The average inflation rate in post reform period is 6.70 whereas unemployment rate is 3.99, interest rate is 12.83 and GDP growth rate is 6.51. The fluctuation in inflation rate is more than other variables because the standard deviation of inflation rate is 2.70. The coefficient of linear trend of inflation is-0.185 and that of unemployment is-0.0277. The Pearson's coefficient matrix shows that the value of correlation coefficient between inflation and unemployment is-0.02, which implies that there is a negative and low correlation between them. The relation between inflation and GDP is-0.31 which implies that there is a negative and low correlation between inflation and GDP. It is also found from the table that there is a positive and high correlation between inflation and interest rate which is 0.61. Regression coefficient of unemployment is negative but regression coefficient of interest rate is positive. The Regression coefficient of unemployment and interest rate are significant as significant values are 0.036 and 0.001 respectively. The coefficient of GDP is not significant. Higher interest rate results higher inflation since the coefficient is positive. There is negative relationship between inflation and unemployment as coefficient of determination is-0.02. This establishes the Phillips Curve. Since the P value is 0.91, the regression coefficient is not significant. As the regression is based on long time series data of 25 years, the relation between inflation and unemployment is acceptable because the long run relationship is not significant as per macroeconomic literature.

Physical and financial performance of mgnregs in Mayurbhanj district of Odisha

Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 2013

The objectives of paper are to analyse block wise physical Performance, financial Performance, pe... more The objectives of paper are to analyse block wise physical Performance, financial Performance, person-days of employment created, fund utilization under MGNREGS in mayurbhanj district of Odisha during 2006–2011. Mayurbhanj has completed six years of NREGA implementation. Among 26 blocks, Badasahi block has issued maximum number of job cards followed by Betanoti, Kaptipada, Kuliana and Samakhunta. Sikruli block has issued the lowest. Tiring, Jamda, Baripada and Rasgobindapur are other blocks which have issued less number of cards. Coming to utilization of funds, Gopabandhunagar block followed by Sarakshana and Bijatala have made significant utilization of funds of more than 80% of the funds allocated. As many as 14 blocks of Mayurbhanj have exceeded the wage-non wage ratio by margins varying from 1 to 14. Morada block is the worst performer in this front. Rasgovindpur has also failed miserably in meeting the mandate as the proportion of expenditure on unskilled wages. However, Samakhunta appears to have just reached the margin.

Inflation in South Asia and It's Macro Economic Linkages

Researchers World, Jul 1, 2012

ABSTRACTThe objective of this paper is to analyze the consumer price inflation in South Asian Cou... more ABSTRACTThe objective of this paper is to analyze the consumer price inflation in South Asian Countries from 2000 to 2008. The annual percentage change in CPI and Average Annual Growth Rate in Consumer Price Indices are analyzed to examine the trend of inflation in South Asian Countries like Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan & Sri Lanka. India has average inflation of 5% but Sri Lanka is the hardest hit by the inflation among South Asian countries. Bhutan has very low rate of inflation and Maldives has rising trend of inflation. The inflation rates are co-related with the growth rate of gross domestic product and money supply of South Asian Countries. There is positive co-relation between the rate of inflation and rate of changed in GDP at constant prices in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka but negative corelation in Nepal. There is negative co-relation between rate of inflation and changes in money supply in Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan but positive co-relation in Nepal and Sri Lanka. In Pakistan the consumer price inflation is mainly due to oil price hike and food inflation. So the inflation scenario in South Asia is adverse to economic development as it is above 5% in most of the countries.Keywords: Inflation, Correlation, Money Supply, Macro Economics, Variable.INTRODUCTION:Inflation is a global phenomenon and significant macro economic variable which affect the economic growth of all most all countries of the world. While some amount of inflation is inevitable and is perhaps necessary to accompany development, inflation beyond a certain limit is considered undesirable. A mild rate of inflation within 4 percent per year is good for an economy, but many developing countries of the world are experiencing inflation above the mild rate which is harmful for the economy. Control of inflation has, therefore, become one of the primary objectives of Government intervention in many developing countries(Islam,2008). The inflation has been over stressed as a prime element in the policies prescribed by the international financial organizations and donor countries in the frame work of conditionality of lending. The inflation is measured from the changes in consumer price index (CPI ) in all countries. The objective of this research paper is to analyze the inflation scenario in South Asian Countries (Afghanistan, Bhutan, Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) with it's macro economic linkages.LITERATURE REVIEW:Empirical studies in pre-growth period( before 1990) generally found a negative inflation-growth relationship. A pre-growth literature study in 1985 had already reported a finding that GDP growth was negatively related to the growth rate of inflation. Fischer (1993) reported that growth was related inversely to inflation. New growth models of course focused on the long run. The collective wisdom of the literature could be made consistent by saying that inflation was positively related to growth at short-run, cyclical frequencies, but negatively related to growth at long-run, steady-state frequencies. There was only one problem with this reconciliation of the short run and long run that there was no robust long-run, cross- section relationship between inflation and growth. The statistically significant negative relationships in the new growth period. Several studies have estimated a negative relationship between inflation and economic growth. Nevertheless, some studies have accounted for the opposite. Thirlwall and Barton (1971), in one of the earliest cross-country studies, report a positive relationship between inflation and growth in a cross section of industrial countries and a negative relationship in a cross section of 7 developing countries.Gillman et al. (2002), based on a panel data of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) countries, indicate that the reduction of high and medium inflation (double digits) to moderate single digit figures has a significant positive effect on growth for the OECD countries, and to a lesser extent for the APEC countries. …

Structure of unemployment and gender gap in India

Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 2013