International journal of arts and humanities studies, May 5, 2024
Studies in the domain of English language teaching reveal a significant disparity between pragmat... more Studies in the domain of English language teaching reveal a significant disparity between pragmatic findings and the approaches employed in English language instruction (Ishihara & Cohen, 2010). Investigations into the effectiveness of textbooks for teaching communicative skills, mirroring real-life conversations, show that English Language Teaching (ELT) textbooks often lack clear and thorough explanations of English conversational dynamics (
Social science and humanities journal, Dec 23, 2023
This study looks into the benefits of employing movies as a pedagogical tool in English language ... more This study looks into the benefits of employing movies as a pedagogical tool in English language teaching programs. The objective is to explore the potential of movies in enhancing English language teaching and gauge some teaching challenges related to using them in English language teaching. A quantitative approach was utilized, employing a questionnaire distributed to English teachers. The aim is to assess their opinions on the integration of movies into instruction and to explore common challenges associated with their use as teaching resources. The study concludes that incorporating movies into EFL instruction can be an effective strategy for enhancing students' language skills and fostering a more engaging learning environment. The findings also suggest that movies provide students with contextualized language input, foster cultural awareness, and stimulate their enthusiasm for learning English. Furthermore, the study recommends two methods for creating movie-based teaching materials: worksheets and interactive video quizzes using the Edpuzzle platform.
Journal of world Englishes and educational practices, Mar 26, 2023
This study aims at investigating the problem of spelling in the writing of vocabulary of Moroccan... more This study aims at investigating the problem of spelling in the writing of vocabulary of Moroccan middle school students. In particular, this paper is meant to examine the possible effect of using slate boards on improving students' spelling of word lists on topics in the student's book. To investigate this problem, this paper has made use of two student groups. The first is a control group made of 30 students who will receive no instruction or exercises about spelling (treatment); while the second is the experimental group, which is made of the same number of students (30) and who will receive slate board practice as a regular consolidating activity on a word list about three units of the student's book. As instruments for data collection, a pretest in the form of dictation of four sentences was used along with an (MCQ) test of 100 blanks to fill in the correct spelling of words was utilized to check their spelling of this word list. The collected data from the study were quantified in terms of a t-test.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Apr 7, 2023
's Faculty of Languages, Literature, and Arts in Kenitra, Morocco. Dr. Anasse has dedicated a sig... more 's Faculty of Languages, Literature, and Arts in Kenitra, Morocco. Dr. Anasse has dedicated a significant amount of time in academic research, teaching, and mentoring. Her contributions to the field have brought her widespread acclaim, making her an important member of the university's faculty. Brahim Mrissa : Brahim Mrissa is a Ph.D. student at the English Studies Department at Ibn Tofail University. He is particularly interested in computer-based language learning, syllabus design, and assessment. In addition to his academic pursuits, Brahim is an enthusiastic ESL teacher.
International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies
In the educational field, sleep is a vital need for students. Recent research has connected smart... more In the educational field, sleep is a vital need for students. Recent research has connected smartphone addiction, poor sleep, and academic failure. There is a glaring paucity of information on this subject in Morocco. In order to fill this gap, we conducted this study. This cross-sectional study investigated the effect of smartphone addiction on sleep quality and school outcomes among secondary school students in Marrakesh, Morocco. Following the simple random method, a sample of 389 students was selected. They answered an online questionnaire that included questions about some demographic characteristics, smartphone use, and sleeping habits. The results revealed that 57.8% of the students suffer from smartphone addiction, and 59.9% suffer from poor sleep quality. The study found that there is a moderately positive correlation between smartphone addiction and poor sleep quality. The study not only suggests the need for parents, educators, and health professionals to raise awareness ...
This research paper explores the linguistic profile of a six-year old autistic boy who acquired t... more This research paper explores the linguistic profile of a six-year old autistic boy who acquired the English language without receiving formal instruction. The study tries to shed light on the child’s linguistic abilities in the light of Chomsky’s innateness theory. This paper uses participant observations and informal questioning to collect data covertly in a naturalistic setting which is the school. The findings of the study revealed that school boy has a functional and communicative use of the English language, which exceeds basic knowledge. His early exposure to YouTube videos in English made him fully conversational, even verbose, contrary to his state when he is using the Moroccan dialect, a fact that implies that English might be his L1 language.
European Journal of Open Education and E-learning Studies
This study intends to explore Moroccan English pre-service teachers’ experience with using cell p... more This study intends to explore Moroccan English pre-service teachers’ experience with using cell phones during their internships. Nineteen instructors were picked at random from the Rabat CRMEF (Regional Center for Education and Training Professions). Interviews were conducted with all nineteen participants. The results displayed that trainees’ preconception on the complexity of using smartphones may affect their tendency on employing this mobile tool as an instructional medium. The findings also revealed that pre-service teachers are not ready to integrate smartphones in EFL classrooms due to the lack of ICT training, distractions that smartphones bring about, and schools’ policies banning the use of this gadget. Article visualizations:
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Apr 7, 2023
's Faculty of Languages, Literature, and Arts in Kenitra, Morocco. Dr. Anasse has dedicated a sig... more 's Faculty of Languages, Literature, and Arts in Kenitra, Morocco. Dr. Anasse has dedicated a significant amount of time in academic research, teaching, and mentoring. Her contributions to the field have brought her widespread acclaim, making her an important member of the university's faculty. Brahim Mrissa : Brahim Mrissa is a Ph.D. student at the English Studies Department at Ibn Tofail University. He is particularly interested in computer-based language learning, syllabus design, and assessment. In addition to his academic pursuits, Brahim is an enthusiastic ESL teacher.
International Journal of Language and Literary Studies
Assessment is a fundamental part in language teaching/learning process. It is a guiding factor th... more Assessment is a fundamental part in language teaching/learning process. It is a guiding factor that provides insight to teachers and learners about the best way to proceed. The literature about language assessment is rich. It includes different forms and techniques of language assessment. In this paper, however, the focus is mainly on alternative assessment. The latter is different both in form and nature from traditional assessment. Researchers confirm that if applied properly, alternative assessment can reflect students’ progress and motivate them to keep up the hard work. This paper, hence, aims to study the attitude of language teachers toward alternative assessment and the main obstacles that may hinder its application in the Moroccan classroom. This research is quantitative. It uses a questionnaire as the main data collection tool. The findings indicate that teachers hold a positive attitude toward alternative assessment, but they fail to apply it in their classroom due to dif...
International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research
The use of grades in assessing student performance in education is a well- established practise a... more The use of grades in assessing student performance in education is a well- established practise across the globe. The grading system plays a pivotal role in today’s education paradigm and is still identified as the potent mode of learner’s performance assessment. Indeed, this a priori creates a bubble within the education system that restricts innovation and divergent thinking while affecting students’ social and psychological dimensions. The grading system dislocates students from their real learning context, alienating the learning outcomes while pushing learners to live in an illusion of excellence. This study attempted to unravel the impact of grades on Moroccan high school students' performance and attitudes through the employment of a mixed-methods research design. The findings showed that grades have an undesirable impact on students' motivation and sustained performance while creating anarchy in their psychological and social well-being.
International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation
In recent years, different writing researchers have stressed the importance of integrating text-b... more In recent years, different writing researchers have stressed the importance of integrating text-based and reader-based approaches in writing instruction to enable EFL learners to write both coherently and purposefully. However, combining these two basic features in students’ writing remains a challenging task for both students and teachers. Given this challenge, the present paper describes a model of writing instruction that combines text-based and reader-based features based on both Rhetorical Structure Theory and the process genre approach to improve EFL learners’ writing quality.
Journal of World Englishes and Educational Practices
This study aims at investigating the problem of spelling in the writing of vocabulary of Moroccan... more This study aims at investigating the problem of spelling in the writing of vocabulary of Moroccan middle school students. In particular, this paper is meant to examine the possible effect of using slate boards on improving students' spelling of word lists on topics in the student's book. To investigate this problem, this paper has made use of two student groups. The first is a control group made of 30 students who will receive no instruction or exercises about spelling (treatment); while the second is the experimental group, which is made of the same number of students (30) and who will receive slate board practice as a regular consolidating activity on a word list about three units of the student's book. As instruments for data collection, a pretest in the form of dictation of four sentences was used along with an (MCQ) test of 100 blanks to fill in the correct spelling of words was utilized to check their spelling of this word list. The collected data from the study we...
International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation
The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed an abrupt change in our teaching practices. Particularly the on... more The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed an abrupt change in our teaching practices. Particularly the online assessment of students’ writing has been an unprecedented, novel situation for many English foreign language teachers. What is novel about this issue is the constraint of adopting it in a critical situation in which it has been an alternative way to assess students in the absence of the physical presence of students. The shift from face to face assessment to online assessment has been a novel experience for many Moroccan English foreign language teachers who have never implemented it before nor have any background knowledge about its mechanisms and methods albeit there are some teachers who are familiar with online teaching and online assessment. The issue has generated important points for English language teaching practitioners and stakeholders about the strategies and challenges of this compulsory mode of assessment during COVID-19 lockdown. From this perspective, the purpose of ...
International Journal of Linguistics and Translation Studies
Promoting autonomous learning has been of much concern in second/foreign language acquisition for... more Promoting autonomous learning has been of much concern in second/foreign language acquisition for decades. Corroborating evidence from theoretical and empirical research in this field has asserted the importance of several factors in attaining this goal. Motivation has been a critical factor that enables learners to become self-directed and successful. Yet, it has been demonstrated that the motivation level may vary due to the influence of some internal and external factors. Therefore, the purpose of this study aims. To this end, 178 students took part in filling in a questionnaire. The data were analysed statistically using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) software, version 20. The study's results revealed that Moroccan learners were interested in learning English, but their motivation levels varied significantly. This variation was ascribed to the effect of several motivating and demotivating factors, which were, in turn, substantially affected by the scho...
International Journal of Language and Literary Studies
Covid-19 has pushed Moroccan education officials and stakeholders to shift to online education as... more Covid-19 has pushed Moroccan education officials and stakeholders to shift to online education as the best possible substitute for in-class teaching. It was confirmed that face-to-face and physical contact are the main ways of virus transfer. So, school closure was an unavoidable decision by decision-makers and educationists alike. The sudden nature of the shift from in-class to online education means that both professors and students were not ready for this new form of education. This study, hence, investigates the attitudes of Mohammadia school of Engineering students in Rabat towards online education during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research design in this study is quantitative, in which questionnaires are used to collect data from 100 third-year students. The collected data are described and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings indicate that the majority of students believe online education is not as effective as face-to-face education. Respondents also mentione...
Due to the ubiquity of mobile phones throughout the world, there have been extensive scholarly re... more Due to the ubiquity of mobile phones throughout the world, there have been extensive scholarly research on their impact within and across areas. Researchers have looked at the impact of this device from different angles, and many scholars have been concerned with the extent to which its usage affects students' academic performance, particularly in high-school. Several scholars (Kevin Thomas and Marco A. Munoz, 2016, Hosoglu, 2019) have probed the topic using different databases, but the present paper is one of the few to examine Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science and Cairn with a two-fold aim, namely to summarize the state-of-the-art in this subject area, and, most importantly, to discuss the researchers' attitudes. 70 articles from the three databases were selected following the PRISMA guidelines to investigate the researchers' decade-long trends in the literature. We discerned different attitudes and results vis-a-vis the mobile phone impact depending on the variab...
International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation, 2021
This research was conducted to investigate the relationship between two variables: critical thin... more This research was conducted to investigate the relationship between two variables: critical thinking skills and argumentative writing skills in Moroccan Preparatory Classes of Higher Engineering Schools (Classes Préparatoires aux Grandes Ecoles) ( CPGE), Omar Ibn Khattab Meknes . The participants were the 2nd year Maths and Physics (MP) students in CPGE, Omar Ibn Al Khattab Meknes. 60 students participated in the study from a total number of 120 students. The research adopted the correlation design to measure the degree of association between two variables using the statistical procedure of correlation analysis. In this regard, a critical thinking test (AssessmentDay Practice Test Experts, 2018) was administered to test students’ critical thinking skills. Then, the students were asked to write an argumentative essay about social networking and creativity. To analyse the collected data, the study resorted to SPSS software (Statistical Package for the Social Science, version 23). Pe...
International journal of arts and humanities studies, May 5, 2024
Studies in the domain of English language teaching reveal a significant disparity between pragmat... more Studies in the domain of English language teaching reveal a significant disparity between pragmatic findings and the approaches employed in English language instruction (Ishihara & Cohen, 2010). Investigations into the effectiveness of textbooks for teaching communicative skills, mirroring real-life conversations, show that English Language Teaching (ELT) textbooks often lack clear and thorough explanations of English conversational dynamics (
Social science and humanities journal, Dec 23, 2023
This study looks into the benefits of employing movies as a pedagogical tool in English language ... more This study looks into the benefits of employing movies as a pedagogical tool in English language teaching programs. The objective is to explore the potential of movies in enhancing English language teaching and gauge some teaching challenges related to using them in English language teaching. A quantitative approach was utilized, employing a questionnaire distributed to English teachers. The aim is to assess their opinions on the integration of movies into instruction and to explore common challenges associated with their use as teaching resources. The study concludes that incorporating movies into EFL instruction can be an effective strategy for enhancing students' language skills and fostering a more engaging learning environment. The findings also suggest that movies provide students with contextualized language input, foster cultural awareness, and stimulate their enthusiasm for learning English. Furthermore, the study recommends two methods for creating movie-based teaching materials: worksheets and interactive video quizzes using the Edpuzzle platform.
Journal of world Englishes and educational practices, Mar 26, 2023
This study aims at investigating the problem of spelling in the writing of vocabulary of Moroccan... more This study aims at investigating the problem of spelling in the writing of vocabulary of Moroccan middle school students. In particular, this paper is meant to examine the possible effect of using slate boards on improving students' spelling of word lists on topics in the student's book. To investigate this problem, this paper has made use of two student groups. The first is a control group made of 30 students who will receive no instruction or exercises about spelling (treatment); while the second is the experimental group, which is made of the same number of students (30) and who will receive slate board practice as a regular consolidating activity on a word list about three units of the student's book. As instruments for data collection, a pretest in the form of dictation of four sentences was used along with an (MCQ) test of 100 blanks to fill in the correct spelling of words was utilized to check their spelling of this word list. The collected data from the study were quantified in terms of a t-test.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Apr 7, 2023
's Faculty of Languages, Literature, and Arts in Kenitra, Morocco. Dr. Anasse has dedicated a sig... more 's Faculty of Languages, Literature, and Arts in Kenitra, Morocco. Dr. Anasse has dedicated a significant amount of time in academic research, teaching, and mentoring. Her contributions to the field have brought her widespread acclaim, making her an important member of the university's faculty. Brahim Mrissa : Brahim Mrissa is a Ph.D. student at the English Studies Department at Ibn Tofail University. He is particularly interested in computer-based language learning, syllabus design, and assessment. In addition to his academic pursuits, Brahim is an enthusiastic ESL teacher.
International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies
In the educational field, sleep is a vital need for students. Recent research has connected smart... more In the educational field, sleep is a vital need for students. Recent research has connected smartphone addiction, poor sleep, and academic failure. There is a glaring paucity of information on this subject in Morocco. In order to fill this gap, we conducted this study. This cross-sectional study investigated the effect of smartphone addiction on sleep quality and school outcomes among secondary school students in Marrakesh, Morocco. Following the simple random method, a sample of 389 students was selected. They answered an online questionnaire that included questions about some demographic characteristics, smartphone use, and sleeping habits. The results revealed that 57.8% of the students suffer from smartphone addiction, and 59.9% suffer from poor sleep quality. The study found that there is a moderately positive correlation between smartphone addiction and poor sleep quality. The study not only suggests the need for parents, educators, and health professionals to raise awareness ...
This research paper explores the linguistic profile of a six-year old autistic boy who acquired t... more This research paper explores the linguistic profile of a six-year old autistic boy who acquired the English language without receiving formal instruction. The study tries to shed light on the child’s linguistic abilities in the light of Chomsky’s innateness theory. This paper uses participant observations and informal questioning to collect data covertly in a naturalistic setting which is the school. The findings of the study revealed that school boy has a functional and communicative use of the English language, which exceeds basic knowledge. His early exposure to YouTube videos in English made him fully conversational, even verbose, contrary to his state when he is using the Moroccan dialect, a fact that implies that English might be his L1 language.
European Journal of Open Education and E-learning Studies
This study intends to explore Moroccan English pre-service teachers’ experience with using cell p... more This study intends to explore Moroccan English pre-service teachers’ experience with using cell phones during their internships. Nineteen instructors were picked at random from the Rabat CRMEF (Regional Center for Education and Training Professions). Interviews were conducted with all nineteen participants. The results displayed that trainees’ preconception on the complexity of using smartphones may affect their tendency on employing this mobile tool as an instructional medium. The findings also revealed that pre-service teachers are not ready to integrate smartphones in EFL classrooms due to the lack of ICT training, distractions that smartphones bring about, and schools’ policies banning the use of this gadget. Article visualizations:
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Apr 7, 2023
's Faculty of Languages, Literature, and Arts in Kenitra, Morocco. Dr. Anasse has dedicated a sig... more 's Faculty of Languages, Literature, and Arts in Kenitra, Morocco. Dr. Anasse has dedicated a significant amount of time in academic research, teaching, and mentoring. Her contributions to the field have brought her widespread acclaim, making her an important member of the university's faculty. Brahim Mrissa : Brahim Mrissa is a Ph.D. student at the English Studies Department at Ibn Tofail University. He is particularly interested in computer-based language learning, syllabus design, and assessment. In addition to his academic pursuits, Brahim is an enthusiastic ESL teacher.
International Journal of Language and Literary Studies
Assessment is a fundamental part in language teaching/learning process. It is a guiding factor th... more Assessment is a fundamental part in language teaching/learning process. It is a guiding factor that provides insight to teachers and learners about the best way to proceed. The literature about language assessment is rich. It includes different forms and techniques of language assessment. In this paper, however, the focus is mainly on alternative assessment. The latter is different both in form and nature from traditional assessment. Researchers confirm that if applied properly, alternative assessment can reflect students’ progress and motivate them to keep up the hard work. This paper, hence, aims to study the attitude of language teachers toward alternative assessment and the main obstacles that may hinder its application in the Moroccan classroom. This research is quantitative. It uses a questionnaire as the main data collection tool. The findings indicate that teachers hold a positive attitude toward alternative assessment, but they fail to apply it in their classroom due to dif...
International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research
The use of grades in assessing student performance in education is a well- established practise a... more The use of grades in assessing student performance in education is a well- established practise across the globe. The grading system plays a pivotal role in today’s education paradigm and is still identified as the potent mode of learner’s performance assessment. Indeed, this a priori creates a bubble within the education system that restricts innovation and divergent thinking while affecting students’ social and psychological dimensions. The grading system dislocates students from their real learning context, alienating the learning outcomes while pushing learners to live in an illusion of excellence. This study attempted to unravel the impact of grades on Moroccan high school students' performance and attitudes through the employment of a mixed-methods research design. The findings showed that grades have an undesirable impact on students' motivation and sustained performance while creating anarchy in their psychological and social well-being.
International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation
In recent years, different writing researchers have stressed the importance of integrating text-b... more In recent years, different writing researchers have stressed the importance of integrating text-based and reader-based approaches in writing instruction to enable EFL learners to write both coherently and purposefully. However, combining these two basic features in students’ writing remains a challenging task for both students and teachers. Given this challenge, the present paper describes a model of writing instruction that combines text-based and reader-based features based on both Rhetorical Structure Theory and the process genre approach to improve EFL learners’ writing quality.
Journal of World Englishes and Educational Practices
This study aims at investigating the problem of spelling in the writing of vocabulary of Moroccan... more This study aims at investigating the problem of spelling in the writing of vocabulary of Moroccan middle school students. In particular, this paper is meant to examine the possible effect of using slate boards on improving students' spelling of word lists on topics in the student's book. To investigate this problem, this paper has made use of two student groups. The first is a control group made of 30 students who will receive no instruction or exercises about spelling (treatment); while the second is the experimental group, which is made of the same number of students (30) and who will receive slate board practice as a regular consolidating activity on a word list about three units of the student's book. As instruments for data collection, a pretest in the form of dictation of four sentences was used along with an (MCQ) test of 100 blanks to fill in the correct spelling of words was utilized to check their spelling of this word list. The collected data from the study we...
International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation
The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed an abrupt change in our teaching practices. Particularly the on... more The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed an abrupt change in our teaching practices. Particularly the online assessment of students’ writing has been an unprecedented, novel situation for many English foreign language teachers. What is novel about this issue is the constraint of adopting it in a critical situation in which it has been an alternative way to assess students in the absence of the physical presence of students. The shift from face to face assessment to online assessment has been a novel experience for many Moroccan English foreign language teachers who have never implemented it before nor have any background knowledge about its mechanisms and methods albeit there are some teachers who are familiar with online teaching and online assessment. The issue has generated important points for English language teaching practitioners and stakeholders about the strategies and challenges of this compulsory mode of assessment during COVID-19 lockdown. From this perspective, the purpose of ...
International Journal of Linguistics and Translation Studies
Promoting autonomous learning has been of much concern in second/foreign language acquisition for... more Promoting autonomous learning has been of much concern in second/foreign language acquisition for decades. Corroborating evidence from theoretical and empirical research in this field has asserted the importance of several factors in attaining this goal. Motivation has been a critical factor that enables learners to become self-directed and successful. Yet, it has been demonstrated that the motivation level may vary due to the influence of some internal and external factors. Therefore, the purpose of this study aims. To this end, 178 students took part in filling in a questionnaire. The data were analysed statistically using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) software, version 20. The study's results revealed that Moroccan learners were interested in learning English, but their motivation levels varied significantly. This variation was ascribed to the effect of several motivating and demotivating factors, which were, in turn, substantially affected by the scho...
International Journal of Language and Literary Studies
Covid-19 has pushed Moroccan education officials and stakeholders to shift to online education as... more Covid-19 has pushed Moroccan education officials and stakeholders to shift to online education as the best possible substitute for in-class teaching. It was confirmed that face-to-face and physical contact are the main ways of virus transfer. So, school closure was an unavoidable decision by decision-makers and educationists alike. The sudden nature of the shift from in-class to online education means that both professors and students were not ready for this new form of education. This study, hence, investigates the attitudes of Mohammadia school of Engineering students in Rabat towards online education during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research design in this study is quantitative, in which questionnaires are used to collect data from 100 third-year students. The collected data are described and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings indicate that the majority of students believe online education is not as effective as face-to-face education. Respondents also mentione...
Due to the ubiquity of mobile phones throughout the world, there have been extensive scholarly re... more Due to the ubiquity of mobile phones throughout the world, there have been extensive scholarly research on their impact within and across areas. Researchers have looked at the impact of this device from different angles, and many scholars have been concerned with the extent to which its usage affects students' academic performance, particularly in high-school. Several scholars (Kevin Thomas and Marco A. Munoz, 2016, Hosoglu, 2019) have probed the topic using different databases, but the present paper is one of the few to examine Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science and Cairn with a two-fold aim, namely to summarize the state-of-the-art in this subject area, and, most importantly, to discuss the researchers' attitudes. 70 articles from the three databases were selected following the PRISMA guidelines to investigate the researchers' decade-long trends in the literature. We discerned different attitudes and results vis-a-vis the mobile phone impact depending on the variab...
International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation, 2021
This research was conducted to investigate the relationship between two variables: critical thin... more This research was conducted to investigate the relationship between two variables: critical thinking skills and argumentative writing skills in Moroccan Preparatory Classes of Higher Engineering Schools (Classes Préparatoires aux Grandes Ecoles) ( CPGE), Omar Ibn Khattab Meknes . The participants were the 2nd year Maths and Physics (MP) students in CPGE, Omar Ibn Al Khattab Meknes. 60 students participated in the study from a total number of 120 students. The research adopted the correlation design to measure the degree of association between two variables using the statistical procedure of correlation analysis. In this regard, a critical thinking test (AssessmentDay Practice Test Experts, 2018) was administered to test students’ critical thinking skills. Then, the students were asked to write an argumentative essay about social networking and creativity. To analyse the collected data, the study resorted to SPSS software (Statistical Package for the Social Science, version 23). Pe...
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