P reharvest sprouting (PHS) is the precocious germination of grain prior to harvest. This phenome... more P reharvest sprouting (PHS) is the precocious germination of grain prior to harvest. This phenomenon occurs when warm and humid or wet conditions are prevalent close to harvest time. Once initiated, the sprouting process progressively damages grain via the production of a-amylase and successive endosperm starch degradation. Observation of PHS can occur almost anywhere wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is cultivated and is a major consideration associated with grain quality (Ross and Bettge, 2009). The damage from PHS severely affects yield and end-use quality by producing wheat-based products that are porous, sticky, off color, and generally undesirable (Moot and Every, 1990). Worldwide, this has resulted in losses of up to US$1 billion yr −1 (Black et al., 2006, p. 528). These huge losses, paired with a requisite for global food security, highlight the necessity of developing PHS-tolerant varieties. Preharvest sprouting is a modern issue arising from the domestication of wheat. Early farmers imposed selection on multiple traits, including determinate growth, large seed size, reduced shattering, higher yield, and decreased seed dormancy. As seed dormancy was quite strong in progenitor species, it was necessary to select for reduced dormancy to achieve uniform and rapid germination of field crops (Harlan et al., 1973). This has
P reharvest sprouting (PHS) is the precocious germination of grain prior to harvest. This phenome... more P reharvest sprouting (PHS) is the precocious germination of grain prior to harvest. This phenomenon occurs when warm and humid or wet conditions are prevalent close to harvest time. Once initiated, the sprouting process progressively damages grain via the production of a-amylase and successive endosperm starch degradation. Observation of PHS can occur almost anywhere wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is cultivated and is a major consideration associated with grain quality (Ross and Bettge, 2009). The damage from PHS severely affects yield and end-use quality by producing wheat-based products that are porous, sticky, off color, and generally undesirable (Moot and Every, 1990). Worldwide, this has resulted in losses of up to US$1 billion yr −1 (Black et al., 2006, p. 528). These huge losses, paired with a requisite for global food security, highlight the necessity of developing PHS-tolerant varieties. Preharvest sprouting is a modern issue arising from the domestication of wheat. Early farmers imposed selection on multiple traits, including determinate growth, large seed size, reduced shattering, higher yield, and decreased seed dormancy. As seed dormancy was quite strong in progenitor species, it was necessary to select for reduced dormancy to achieve uniform and rapid germination of field crops (Harlan et al., 1973). This has
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