The modeling of business processes is key component of any improvement or re-engineering endeavor... more The modeling of business processes is key component of any improvement or re-engineering endeavor. Present trends of business modeling methodologies are to include the social context of an organization. Although various methodologies have been developed specially for the business process field and have a social context, it is not in terms of goals and customers, but processes, activities, and tasks. We describe our stance on business process modeling, based on the viewpoint of goal and customer. First, we formalize a goal-oriented business process model and its evaluation mechanism. Second, we propose a methodology of business process modeling, which starts from perceiving and describing interactions between organization and customer from the customer's viewpoint.
Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, 2019
There has been an increased initiative to realize smart tourism in the world. Yet, there are un-p... more There has been an increased initiative to realize smart tourism in the world. Yet, there are un-pioneered challenges for the people who lead and manage smart tourism projects and realize its value in smart tourism (we call them as ‘Smart tourism initiatives’), such as coordinating of tourism complexity, planning and sharing tourism strategy, sustaining tourism projects and innovation. In light of these challenges, the overall objective of this work is to design a holistic capability maturity model for smart tourism governance enabling sustainable tourism innovations via tackling the challenges above. The Dynamic capability theory was adopted as a theoretical lens, and the Design science research methodology was introduced to develop a new capability maturity governance model as a design artifact. And We could synthesize findings from iterations of the design research cycle based on the IT Capability Maturity Model. The results of the study propose a potential capability maturity model that supports effective communication and strategic alignment for the initiatives with illuminating future paths with evaluation methods on tourism capabilities for the initiatives. Throughout this study, we contribute to the body of knowledge as well as practice by proposing a new tourism capability governance model.
Enterprise engineering is a discipline aspect of enterprise, including designing and modelling a ... more Enterprise engineering is a discipline aspect of enterprise, including designing and modelling a system. In system development process, a construction of Using System is developed into function of Object System, and then continued with development of construction of Object System. Construction can be represented by DEMO Construction Model and function can be represented by Business Model Canvas. To manipulate a function system, we need to define a specification or construction of that system. Therefore we need to be able to generate a construction from a function. This study attempts to create a linkage between Business Model Canvas and DEMO Construction Model as a construction design process. A methodology of generating DEMO Construction Model from Business Model Canvas is proposed. Case study of City Logistics is used to illustrate the proposed methodology. We found the correspondence between Business Model Canvas and DEMO Construction Model, and the proposed methodology proved to be able to create DEMO Construction Model from Business Model Canvas through step-by-step process.
Pacific Asia journal of the Association for Information systems, 2010
A wide range of products and services has been commoditized as a result of globalization, and a l... more A wide range of products and services has been commoditized as a result of globalization, and a lot of companies have been progressively working to draw on the knowledge creation of their employees to be more competitive. In this respect, some would argue that a "Creative Class" of employees determines the business results of a company. Social networking among employees is a platform for creativity, so when management supports such social networks, the strength of the organization increases. In this paper, we present a quantitative association from our previous research and a theoretical contemplation to provide a management method between the communication of employees and organizational collaboration. Further, we take the case of a company, which is an ICT (Information and Communication Technology) system integrator, using an RFID system, and confirm whether there are causal relationships through a multiple regression analysis of Bayesian statistics. As a result, we found that the egocentric collaboration networks of the Creative Core grew by activating communications (sending emails) among employees. Further, we propose some implications that allow control of collaboration within a company by encouraging communication of the "Creative Core," that is, the central members of the Creative Class by considering the results of this and previous research.
In response to changes in the environment surrounding an enterprise, many occasional To-Be models... more In response to changes in the environment surrounding an enterprise, many occasional To-Be models like IT Governance models and IT service management models have been proposed. Recently, digital enterprise model has attracted attention. The concepts, frameworks, and methodologies dealing with the enterprise have also changed in response to the movement. While we are leading enterprises to the transformation to the To-Be model and/or ambitious picture from various perspectives, and it is difficult to promote transformations that maintain interoperability across them, while viewing the enterprise from various perspectives. It seems that we are working on the closed framework of individual frameworks and methodologies that deal with the same enterprise. The purpose of this position paper is to propose the commonly available dimensions related to the enterprise and ET-CMF. The mechanism will aim to analyze the influence of the change based on those dimensions collaborate with the concept of enterprise engineering on enterprise transformation as connectors. The mechanism, currently in development, could be a holistic management framework to support the transformation by using Enterprise Engineering.
This paper discusses a specification and merge operation over submodels of a given Process Model ... more This paper discusses a specification and merge operation over submodels of a given Process Model (PM) in Design and Engineering Methodology for Organizations (DEMO). In general, a submodel is a part of a given model. An earlier work proposed how submodels of a given DEMO Construction Model (CM) can be attained by a set-theoretic formalization. However, it remains unclear how to expand the formalism to the notion of submodels of a given PM. Since the given PM should align with the corresponding CM, a submodel of the given PM should not only be a PM, but also conform to the corresponding submodel of the CM. These two independent constraints indicate the desired definition and formalization of submodels of PMs. The proposed approach is shown to be applicable to a common demonstration case. Through the formalization, this paper shows the closure, commutativity, and associativity of the merge operation over submodels of a given PM. Moreover, it is found that the consistency between CMs and PMs is preserved during the merge operation.
Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, 2012
With the evolution of customer’s needs, innovation becomes a core competency of organizations to ... more With the evolution of customer’s needs, innovation becomes a core competency of organizations to success in the intense global competition nowadays. Business process orientation (BPO), as “a state of mind” of the organization, emphasizes to employ a customer-and-process-oriented way to rethink and reengineer business. It is interesting and important to understand the role of process-oriented thinking and working in the innovation-driven economy. To better understand BPO, this study applies McCormack’s definition to consider BPO’s influences on innovation in both employee and organization levels in aspect of three main components. Results from questionnaire survey of Japanese companies show that BPO has positive association with employees’ innovative behavior, and then enhance company’s innovation performance sequentially. Meanwhile, employees’ innovation is a mediator in this link. Therefore, BPO supports innovation, but it cannot guarantee success. Motivating all employees to participate and do innovation is a key for generating innovative solutions for customer through being BPO. This paper contributes to the research by understanding the deeper link between BPO and innovation in Japan which is a highly relevant but understudied context. The findings also recommend companies to motivate employees’ innovative behavior as well as improving BPO to being innovative.
To clarify the concept framework to assess WIS evolution from an information perspective instead ... more To clarify the concept framework to assess WIS evolution from an information perspective instead of the usual systems perspective, and to seek for in-depth understanding of maturing patterns of WISs based on the framework, several central concepts related to the information aspect of WIS are firstly discussed, then a growth model of local government Web sites based on a survey study is proposed.
ABSTRACT This study suggests a Naïve Bayesian style method called Frequency Matrix technique, whi... more ABSTRACT This study suggests a Naïve Bayesian style method called Frequency Matrix technique, which simulates cognitive mapping in human brain, to predict personal credit rates with incomplete data sets. Its performance is compared with that of multiple discriminant analysis and logistic regression. Missing values are predicted with mean imputation method and regression imputation method for these two methods. An artificial neural network is also introduced and tested for their performance. A data set on personal credit information of 8,234 customers of Bank A is collected for the tests. The performance of Frequency Matrix technique is compared with that of other methods. The results from the tests show that the performance of Frequency Matrix technique is superior to that of other methods such as MDA-mean, Logit-mean, MDA-regression, Logit-regression, and Artificial Neural Networks.
Information systems development (ISD) has encountered a variety of challenges in terms of identif... more Information systems development (ISD) has encountered a variety of challenges in terms of identifying the requirements among multiple stakeholders. This is due to the complexity of the related information. Therefore, an abstract model of the enterprise is needed to focus on people and their needs before developing any information system. To respond to this need, new modeling methodologies that focus on modeling the enterprise as a social system have got a wide acceptance. DEMO and i* are an example of these modeling methodologies. They focus on modeling the people and the interaction between them. Although DEMO is a based on strong theories, it is not used much as i* in requirement engineering. Therefore, this research compares these two modeling methodology in identifying the functional requirements for developing information system. The comparison is to highlight the strong and the weak part of both modelings. Moreover, this research draws guidelines for improving both methodologies in modeling enterprise as a prior step in developing information system. As a result, the concept of modeling the interaction between DEMO and i* is different. DEMO is more formal inmodeling the interaction rather than i*. Moreover, DEMO models both the structure and the behavior through its different diagrams. But i* does not capture the behavior. In contrast, i* allows to model the non-functional requirements, too. Sometimes it is useful to analysis them during the first stages of requirements analysis.
Aiming to address the increasing focus on digital technologies and the continuous concern of Know... more Aiming to address the increasing focus on digital technologies and the continuous concern of Knowledge Management (KM) performance, this study explores the relationship between 'Knowledge Creating Capabilities', 'IT business value' and 'Digital business value'. The latter two concepts are redefined as the achievement of business objectives by the use of IT or digital technologies in a balanced scorecard approach. The concepts of 'Knowledge Creating Capabilities' and 'Balanced SECI' are leveraged. Balanced SECI (Riera, Senoo and Iijima, 2009) refers to the balance of the four knowledge creation processes from Nonaka and Takeuchi's SECI model (1995). This framework is applied to Japanese small and medium enterprises. A positive relationship between the achievement of business objectives by IT and the achievement using digital technologies was verified. On the other hand, although a relationship of 'Balanced SECI' with 'IT Business Value' or 'Digital Business Value' was not statistically significant; the observations showed that higher levels of 'Balanced SECI' were negatively related to the achievement of Financial, Customer and Business Processes types of business objectives and; positively related to Learning & Growth. Analysis from each SECI process confirmed such behaviour.
Due to innovation is highly knowledge intensive, employees’ innovation behavior plays a central r... more Due to innovation is highly knowledge intensive, employees’ innovation behavior plays a central role in knowledge creation and distribution in organizations. Therefore, in knowledge management initiatives, it is important to encourage employees’ IB, which involves developing, promoting, judging, distributing and implementing new ideas at work. From a psychological perspective, this study applies the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to better understand employees’ IB, and also extends TPB by considering the effects of two unexamined yet important organizational factors: external information awareness (EIA) and proactiveness of innovation strategy (PIS). Results from a survey of employees in Japanese organizations indicate that EIA and PIS are positively related with employees’ attitude towards innovation, subjective norm about innovation, and perceived behavioral control to innovation, which is, in turn, significantly influence employees’ IB. Employees’ attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control mediate partially the effects of EIA and completely the influence of PIS to employees’ IB. These findings provide directions for more efficient employees’ IB encouragement, by focusing on improving perceived behavior control, EIA and PIS.
Communications in computer and information science, 2019
This study provides further evidence from Japanese Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) on the capa... more This study provides further evidence from Japanese Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) on the capabilities organizations need in order to take advantage of the opportunities that digital technologies (such as Social, Mobile, Analytics, Cloud and IoT or SMACIT) offer. Quantitative data is used to validate and expand previous findings on the relationship between IT, Digital Business Value and Knowledge Creation Capabilities (KCC). KCC is explored as an organizational capability that moderates the value obtained from IT and digital technologies. The level of achievement of business objectives by IT and digital technologies was analyzed using four categories of business objectives from the Balanced Scorecard. The evidence shows that organizations that are able to efficiently apply IT to achieve business objectives can also experience similar results on digital technologies. This implies that in order to be successful with digital technologies, a foundation would be the successful delivery of IT. A deeper analysis was conducted on Knowledge Creation Process as a preliminary study yielded to inconclusive findings suggesting that KCC had a negative impact on business objectives in opposition to what Knowledge-based view may consider and; in opposite to the characteristic that SMACIT technologies are highly dependent on information and could be considered to go hand in hand with how new information and knowledge is combined in order to create new products and services.
The modeling of business processes is key component of any improvement or re-engineering endeavor... more The modeling of business processes is key component of any improvement or re-engineering endeavor. Present trends of business modeling methodologies are to include the social context of an organization. Although various methodologies have been developed specially for the business process field and have a social context, it is not in terms of goals and customers, but processes, activities, and tasks. We describe our stance on business process modeling, based on the viewpoint of goal and customer. First, we formalize a goal-oriented business process model and its evaluation mechanism. Second, we propose a methodology of business process modeling, which starts from perceiving and describing interactions between organization and customer from the customer's viewpoint.
Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, 2019
There has been an increased initiative to realize smart tourism in the world. Yet, there are un-p... more There has been an increased initiative to realize smart tourism in the world. Yet, there are un-pioneered challenges for the people who lead and manage smart tourism projects and realize its value in smart tourism (we call them as ‘Smart tourism initiatives’), such as coordinating of tourism complexity, planning and sharing tourism strategy, sustaining tourism projects and innovation. In light of these challenges, the overall objective of this work is to design a holistic capability maturity model for smart tourism governance enabling sustainable tourism innovations via tackling the challenges above. The Dynamic capability theory was adopted as a theoretical lens, and the Design science research methodology was introduced to develop a new capability maturity governance model as a design artifact. And We could synthesize findings from iterations of the design research cycle based on the IT Capability Maturity Model. The results of the study propose a potential capability maturity model that supports effective communication and strategic alignment for the initiatives with illuminating future paths with evaluation methods on tourism capabilities for the initiatives. Throughout this study, we contribute to the body of knowledge as well as practice by proposing a new tourism capability governance model.
Enterprise engineering is a discipline aspect of enterprise, including designing and modelling a ... more Enterprise engineering is a discipline aspect of enterprise, including designing and modelling a system. In system development process, a construction of Using System is developed into function of Object System, and then continued with development of construction of Object System. Construction can be represented by DEMO Construction Model and function can be represented by Business Model Canvas. To manipulate a function system, we need to define a specification or construction of that system. Therefore we need to be able to generate a construction from a function. This study attempts to create a linkage between Business Model Canvas and DEMO Construction Model as a construction design process. A methodology of generating DEMO Construction Model from Business Model Canvas is proposed. Case study of City Logistics is used to illustrate the proposed methodology. We found the correspondence between Business Model Canvas and DEMO Construction Model, and the proposed methodology proved to be able to create DEMO Construction Model from Business Model Canvas through step-by-step process.
Pacific Asia journal of the Association for Information systems, 2010
A wide range of products and services has been commoditized as a result of globalization, and a l... more A wide range of products and services has been commoditized as a result of globalization, and a lot of companies have been progressively working to draw on the knowledge creation of their employees to be more competitive. In this respect, some would argue that a "Creative Class" of employees determines the business results of a company. Social networking among employees is a platform for creativity, so when management supports such social networks, the strength of the organization increases. In this paper, we present a quantitative association from our previous research and a theoretical contemplation to provide a management method between the communication of employees and organizational collaboration. Further, we take the case of a company, which is an ICT (Information and Communication Technology) system integrator, using an RFID system, and confirm whether there are causal relationships through a multiple regression analysis of Bayesian statistics. As a result, we found that the egocentric collaboration networks of the Creative Core grew by activating communications (sending emails) among employees. Further, we propose some implications that allow control of collaboration within a company by encouraging communication of the "Creative Core," that is, the central members of the Creative Class by considering the results of this and previous research.
In response to changes in the environment surrounding an enterprise, many occasional To-Be models... more In response to changes in the environment surrounding an enterprise, many occasional To-Be models like IT Governance models and IT service management models have been proposed. Recently, digital enterprise model has attracted attention. The concepts, frameworks, and methodologies dealing with the enterprise have also changed in response to the movement. While we are leading enterprises to the transformation to the To-Be model and/or ambitious picture from various perspectives, and it is difficult to promote transformations that maintain interoperability across them, while viewing the enterprise from various perspectives. It seems that we are working on the closed framework of individual frameworks and methodologies that deal with the same enterprise. The purpose of this position paper is to propose the commonly available dimensions related to the enterprise and ET-CMF. The mechanism will aim to analyze the influence of the change based on those dimensions collaborate with the concept of enterprise engineering on enterprise transformation as connectors. The mechanism, currently in development, could be a holistic management framework to support the transformation by using Enterprise Engineering.
This paper discusses a specification and merge operation over submodels of a given Process Model ... more This paper discusses a specification and merge operation over submodels of a given Process Model (PM) in Design and Engineering Methodology for Organizations (DEMO). In general, a submodel is a part of a given model. An earlier work proposed how submodels of a given DEMO Construction Model (CM) can be attained by a set-theoretic formalization. However, it remains unclear how to expand the formalism to the notion of submodels of a given PM. Since the given PM should align with the corresponding CM, a submodel of the given PM should not only be a PM, but also conform to the corresponding submodel of the CM. These two independent constraints indicate the desired definition and formalization of submodels of PMs. The proposed approach is shown to be applicable to a common demonstration case. Through the formalization, this paper shows the closure, commutativity, and associativity of the merge operation over submodels of a given PM. Moreover, it is found that the consistency between CMs and PMs is preserved during the merge operation.
Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, 2012
With the evolution of customer’s needs, innovation becomes a core competency of organizations to ... more With the evolution of customer’s needs, innovation becomes a core competency of organizations to success in the intense global competition nowadays. Business process orientation (BPO), as “a state of mind” of the organization, emphasizes to employ a customer-and-process-oriented way to rethink and reengineer business. It is interesting and important to understand the role of process-oriented thinking and working in the innovation-driven economy. To better understand BPO, this study applies McCormack’s definition to consider BPO’s influences on innovation in both employee and organization levels in aspect of three main components. Results from questionnaire survey of Japanese companies show that BPO has positive association with employees’ innovative behavior, and then enhance company’s innovation performance sequentially. Meanwhile, employees’ innovation is a mediator in this link. Therefore, BPO supports innovation, but it cannot guarantee success. Motivating all employees to participate and do innovation is a key for generating innovative solutions for customer through being BPO. This paper contributes to the research by understanding the deeper link between BPO and innovation in Japan which is a highly relevant but understudied context. The findings also recommend companies to motivate employees’ innovative behavior as well as improving BPO to being innovative.
To clarify the concept framework to assess WIS evolution from an information perspective instead ... more To clarify the concept framework to assess WIS evolution from an information perspective instead of the usual systems perspective, and to seek for in-depth understanding of maturing patterns of WISs based on the framework, several central concepts related to the information aspect of WIS are firstly discussed, then a growth model of local government Web sites based on a survey study is proposed.
ABSTRACT This study suggests a Naïve Bayesian style method called Frequency Matrix technique, whi... more ABSTRACT This study suggests a Naïve Bayesian style method called Frequency Matrix technique, which simulates cognitive mapping in human brain, to predict personal credit rates with incomplete data sets. Its performance is compared with that of multiple discriminant analysis and logistic regression. Missing values are predicted with mean imputation method and regression imputation method for these two methods. An artificial neural network is also introduced and tested for their performance. A data set on personal credit information of 8,234 customers of Bank A is collected for the tests. The performance of Frequency Matrix technique is compared with that of other methods. The results from the tests show that the performance of Frequency Matrix technique is superior to that of other methods such as MDA-mean, Logit-mean, MDA-regression, Logit-regression, and Artificial Neural Networks.
Information systems development (ISD) has encountered a variety of challenges in terms of identif... more Information systems development (ISD) has encountered a variety of challenges in terms of identifying the requirements among multiple stakeholders. This is due to the complexity of the related information. Therefore, an abstract model of the enterprise is needed to focus on people and their needs before developing any information system. To respond to this need, new modeling methodologies that focus on modeling the enterprise as a social system have got a wide acceptance. DEMO and i* are an example of these modeling methodologies. They focus on modeling the people and the interaction between them. Although DEMO is a based on strong theories, it is not used much as i* in requirement engineering. Therefore, this research compares these two modeling methodology in identifying the functional requirements for developing information system. The comparison is to highlight the strong and the weak part of both modelings. Moreover, this research draws guidelines for improving both methodologies in modeling enterprise as a prior step in developing information system. As a result, the concept of modeling the interaction between DEMO and i* is different. DEMO is more formal inmodeling the interaction rather than i*. Moreover, DEMO models both the structure and the behavior through its different diagrams. But i* does not capture the behavior. In contrast, i* allows to model the non-functional requirements, too. Sometimes it is useful to analysis them during the first stages of requirements analysis.
Aiming to address the increasing focus on digital technologies and the continuous concern of Know... more Aiming to address the increasing focus on digital technologies and the continuous concern of Knowledge Management (KM) performance, this study explores the relationship between 'Knowledge Creating Capabilities', 'IT business value' and 'Digital business value'. The latter two concepts are redefined as the achievement of business objectives by the use of IT or digital technologies in a balanced scorecard approach. The concepts of 'Knowledge Creating Capabilities' and 'Balanced SECI' are leveraged. Balanced SECI (Riera, Senoo and Iijima, 2009) refers to the balance of the four knowledge creation processes from Nonaka and Takeuchi's SECI model (1995). This framework is applied to Japanese small and medium enterprises. A positive relationship between the achievement of business objectives by IT and the achievement using digital technologies was verified. On the other hand, although a relationship of 'Balanced SECI' with 'IT Business Value' or 'Digital Business Value' was not statistically significant; the observations showed that higher levels of 'Balanced SECI' were negatively related to the achievement of Financial, Customer and Business Processes types of business objectives and; positively related to Learning & Growth. Analysis from each SECI process confirmed such behaviour.
Due to innovation is highly knowledge intensive, employees’ innovation behavior plays a central r... more Due to innovation is highly knowledge intensive, employees’ innovation behavior plays a central role in knowledge creation and distribution in organizations. Therefore, in knowledge management initiatives, it is important to encourage employees’ IB, which involves developing, promoting, judging, distributing and implementing new ideas at work. From a psychological perspective, this study applies the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to better understand employees’ IB, and also extends TPB by considering the effects of two unexamined yet important organizational factors: external information awareness (EIA) and proactiveness of innovation strategy (PIS). Results from a survey of employees in Japanese organizations indicate that EIA and PIS are positively related with employees’ attitude towards innovation, subjective norm about innovation, and perceived behavioral control to innovation, which is, in turn, significantly influence employees’ IB. Employees’ attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control mediate partially the effects of EIA and completely the influence of PIS to employees’ IB. These findings provide directions for more efficient employees’ IB encouragement, by focusing on improving perceived behavior control, EIA and PIS.
Communications in computer and information science, 2019
This study provides further evidence from Japanese Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) on the capa... more This study provides further evidence from Japanese Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) on the capabilities organizations need in order to take advantage of the opportunities that digital technologies (such as Social, Mobile, Analytics, Cloud and IoT or SMACIT) offer. Quantitative data is used to validate and expand previous findings on the relationship between IT, Digital Business Value and Knowledge Creation Capabilities (KCC). KCC is explored as an organizational capability that moderates the value obtained from IT and digital technologies. The level of achievement of business objectives by IT and digital technologies was analyzed using four categories of business objectives from the Balanced Scorecard. The evidence shows that organizations that are able to efficiently apply IT to achieve business objectives can also experience similar results on digital technologies. This implies that in order to be successful with digital technologies, a foundation would be the successful delivery of IT. A deeper analysis was conducted on Knowledge Creation Process as a preliminary study yielded to inconclusive findings suggesting that KCC had a negative impact on business objectives in opposition to what Knowledge-based view may consider and; in opposite to the characteristic that SMACIT technologies are highly dependent on information and could be considered to go hand in hand with how new information and knowledge is combined in order to create new products and services.
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Papers by Junichi Iijima