Papers by Juliette Anglade
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2019
Based on the GRAFS method of biogeochemical accounting for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and carbo... more Based on the GRAFS method of biogeochemical accounting for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and carbon (C) fluxes through crop, grassland, livestock and human consumption, a full description of the structure and main functioning features of the French agro-food system was obtained from 1850 to the present at the scale of 33 agricultural regions. For the period since 1970, this description was compared with the results of an agronomic reconstitution of the cropping systems of the Seine watershed based on agricultural census and detailed enquiries about farming practices at the scale of small agricultural regions (the ARSeine database), which were then used as input to an agronomical model (STICS) calculating yields, and the dynamics of N and C. STICS was then coupled with a hydrogeological model (MODCOU), so that the entire modelling chain can thus highlight the high temporal inertia of both soil organic matter pool and aquifers. GRAFS and ARSeine revealed that the agriculture of the North of France is currently characterised by a high degree of territorial openness, specialisation and disconnection between crop and livestock farming, food consumption and production. This situation is the result of a historical trajectory starting in the middle of the nineteenth century, when agricultural systems based on mixed crop and livestock farming with a high level of autonomy were dominant. The major transition occurred only after World War II and the implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy and led, within only a few decades, to a situation where industrial fertilisers largely replaced manure and where livestock farming activities were concentrated either in the Eastern margins of the watershed in residual mixed farming areas or in specialised animal production zones of the Great West. A second turning point occurred around the 1990s when regulatory measures were taken to partly correct the environmental damage caused by the preceding regime, yet without in-depth change of its logic of specialisation and intensification. Agricultural soil biogeochemistry (C sequestration, nitrate losses, P accumulation, etc.) responds, with a long delay, to these long-term structural changes. The same is true for the hydrosystem and most of its different compartments (vadose zone, aquifers, riparian zones), so that the relationship between the diffuse sources of nutrients (or pesticides) and the agricultural practices is not immediate and is strongly influenced by legacies from the past structure and practices of the agricultural system. This has strong implications regarding the possible futures of the Seine basin agriculture.
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Jun 23, 2017
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2018
National audienceFrom 2004 to 2015, 2 organic, autonomous, and cost-effective dairy systems were ... more National audienceFrom 2004 to 2015, 2 organic, autonomous, and cost-effective dairy systems were designed, step by step, at the INRA ASTER-Mirecourt experimental facility. One was a grazing-based system, and the other was a mixed crop-livestock system. Posteriori analysis of the economics and work patterns of the 2 systems showed that there was a marked decrease in operational and structural costs compared to the non-cost-efficient system that preceded them. The 2 new systems were highly economically specialised on milk production. On average, the grassland-based system (80 ha) was able to remunerate 1.9 workers (at 1.5 times the minimum wage). The mixed crop-livestock system (140 ha) could remunerate 3.0 workers. During the transition, there was a clear shift in what the experimenters were doing, what they worked on, and what their issues of importance were, as well as in the distribution of tasks within the team.Deux systèmes de production économes, autonomes et certifiés en agriculture biologique ont été conçus pas-à-pas sur l’installation expérimentale INRA ASTER-Mirecourt de 2004 à 2015 : un système laitier herbager et un système de polyculture élevage laitier. Ils sont comparés via 2 indicateurs économiques : la valeur ajoutée et le résultat social. L’analyse a posteriori des résultats économiques et des transformations du travail à l’œuvre dans ces 2 systèmes mettent en évidence une forte réduction des charges opérationnelles et de structure par rapport au système non économe qui leur précédait, une très forte spécialisation économique des 2 systèmes sur le lait. En moyenne, le système herbager (80 ha) a permis de rémunérer 1,9 travailleur (salaire minimum garanti 1,5) et le système de production laitière mixte (140 ha) 3,0 travailleurs. Au cours de la transition, on a noté une transformation de ce que les expérimentateurs font, ce sur quoi ils travaillent, ce qui est important pour eux, et une réorganisation du partage des tâches au sein de l’équipe
Recent lake sediment analyses in the Ounianga region (NE Chad) provide a unique climate archive i... more Recent lake sediment analyses in the Ounianga region (NE Chad) provide a unique climate archive in the Saharan region from Mid-Holocene on. A multidisciplinary project to reconstruct the environmental conditions is presented here, focussing on hydro & hydrogeological modelling as a key link between climate and lake-proxy. On the other hand, for such a large aquifer as the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System, water resources evolution forecasting and management requires the knowledge of its properties as well as its long transitory trends. Improvement in the characterization of the history of the aquifer as well as the issue of the constraining power of lake sediment analysis on aquifer properties are addressed here.
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2013
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Oct 25, 2018
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2015
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2017
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2017
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Oct 10, 2017
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Jun 18, 2019
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2018
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Mar 16, 2016
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2019
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2018
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2017
National audienceFrom 2004 to 2015, 2 organic, autonomous, and cost-effective dairy systems were ... more National audienceFrom 2004 to 2015, 2 organic, autonomous, and cost-effective dairy systems were designed, step by step, at the INRA ASTER-Mirecourt experimental facility. One was a grazing-based system, and the other was a mixed crop-livestock system. Posteriori analysis of the economics and work patterns of the 2 systems showed that there was a marked decrease in operational and structural costs compared to the non-cost-efficient system that preceded them. The 2 new systems were highly economically specialised on milk production. On average, the grassland-based system (80 ha) was able to remunerate 1.9 workers (at 1.5 times the minimum wage). The mixed crop-livestock system (140 ha) could remunerate 3.0 workers. During the transition, there was a clear shift in what the experimenters were doing, what they worked on, and what their issues of importance were, as well as in the distribution of tasks within the team.Deux systèmes de production économes, autonomes et certifiés en agric...
Contamination nitrique de l'agriculture 2 2 Caractérisation des pratiques agricoles 2.1 Territoir... more Contamination nitrique de l'agriculture 2 2 Caractérisation des pratiques agricoles 2.1 Territoires pertinents Les Petites Régions Agricoles, au nombre de 150 sur le bassin de la Seine, constituent des territoires homogènes pertinents du point de vue des conditions physiques et humaines de l'agriculture, utilisés par les services de statistique agricole et en bonne concordance avec les unités hydrogéologiques. Des Regroupements de Régions Agricoles ont été proposés à la suite d'une analyse de similarité réalisée par l'INRA de Mirecourt sur les PRA. Ces regroupements permettent de réduire le nombre des unités spatiales à considérer tout en conservant une cohérence agronomique et hydrogéologique (Fig. 1).
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Papers by Juliette Anglade