Working Group of Economic and Social History, Regional Committee of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in Pécs eBooks, 2023
The purpose of the study. The purpose of the study is to determine how different the situation of... more The purpose of the study. The purpose of the study is to determine how different the situation of serfs living in public foundation manors differed from that of serfs living in private manors or church manors. Applied methods. We analyzed the manorial accounts of the public foundation district of Pécsvárad, which is located in Hungarian National Archives of Baranya County, as well as other censuses and court documents. The focus of the examination was the three abbey estates in Pécsvárad. Outcomes. The accounts showed that the source of income of public foundation manors were significantly different from that of private or church manors. The "robot" reports show that the serfs had ample opportunity to get rid of this burdensome service. The favorable terms of the land leases proved that the serfs living in the public foundation district had more opportunities for economic growth, and they took advantage of this. Farming on leased lands and clearings, significantly increased the economic opportunities of the serfs. The lack of "allodium" offered the serfs ample space for farming.Keywords: estate, public foundation, "robot", "allodium", leased land L'origine du fonds public Le fonctionnement, l'administration et l'exploitation des domaines étaient essentiellement déterminés par le propriétaire, le seigneur. Dans le cas des domaines ecclésiastiques et privés les propriétaires et les décideurs étaient les mêmes. Que la direction du domaine soit décidée par une seule personne, une réunion de famille ou une assemblée capitulaire, l'intérêt était évident. Dans le cas des domaines ecclésiastiques la personne désignée pour gérer le domaine, généralement un chanoine, a été lui-même propriétaire et il était donc bien intéressé à augmenter les revenus. 93 Le Theresianum était géré séparément des autres fonds, non pas par le praefectus du district du fonds public, mais par un conseil d'administration à Vienne. 94 Les villages sont mentionnés dans l'étude par leurs noms contemporains : Agárd (Sióagárd), Bozsok (Palotabozsok), Földvár (Dunaföldvár), Jenő (Baranyajenő), Kéménd (Máriakéménd), Kér (Németkér), Kömlőd (Dunakömlőd), Rácmecske (Erdősmecske), Varasd (Apátvarasd), Várkony (Zengővárkony).
Working Group of Economic and Social History, Regional Committee of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in Pécs eBooks, 2022
The purpose of the study. The fundamental question is what factors influenced the living conditio... more The purpose of the study. The fundamental question is what factors influenced the living conditions of the 515 orphans left in the Versend estate between 1815 and 1848. To what extent impacted the inherited wealth, the age of the orphaned child, the number of siblings, and the role of guardianship and lordship shaping the fate of orphans. Applied methods. The orphan census and orphan documents of the Versend estate formed the basis of the research. With the help of data referring to their financial conditions, it was possible to compare the types of heritage and the handling of it. On the one hand, we examined the percentage distribution of all assets, and on the other hand, we performed calculations by filtering out different groups. The conclusions drawn from the figures were confirmed by examining individual examples. In the course of the research, in addition to our previous processing of the orphans of the Pécsvárad public foundation estate, we also reviewed the works related to the orphans in France. Outcomes. Most of the orphans in Versend were very poor, and the loss of their parents made their situation much worse financially. The little more affluent only had the opportunity to learn, which mostly meant some kind of craftsmanship. Marriage also allowed orphans displaced from the family farm to get land, so orphans were married relatively early. Early deaths were affected by the scarcity of wealth, the number of siblings, the age of becoming an orphan. The fate of the orphans was basically determined by their financial situation, but its further development was influenced by the person of the guardian, their residence and circumstances, and even the solicitude of the orphan's guardian.
Different Approaches to Economic and Social Changes: New Research Issues, Sources and Results, 2022
The purpose of the study. The fundamental question is what factors influenced the living conditio... more The purpose of the study. The fundamental question is what factors influenced the living conditions of the 515 orphans left in the Versend estate between 1815 and 1848. To what extent impacted the inherited wealth, the age of the orphaned child, the number of siblings, and the role of guardianship and lordship shaping the fate of orphans. Applied methods. The orphan census and orphan documents of the Versend estate formed the basis of the research. With the help of data referring to their financial conditions, it was possible to compare the types of heritage and the handling of it. On the one hand, we examined the percentage distribution of all assets, and on the other hand, we performed calculations by filtering out different groups. The conclusions drawn from the figures were confirmed by examining individual examples. In the course of the research, in addition to our previous processing of the orphans of the Pécsvárad public foundation estate, we also reviewed the works related t...
In the first half of the 19th century, there were no more home-grown vineyards in the estates of ... more In the first half of the 19th century, there were no more home-grown vineyards in the estates of the Pécsvárad public foundation district. It was in the interest of the lords to encourage the serfs to grow grapes and to plant grapes, as the wine was needed. The vineyards of the serfs can be divided into three major groups on the basis of the payment that are the following: contributory vineyard, non-contributory vineyard, planted on leased land. Farmers in many cases have initiated the utilization of arable land, pastures, meadows and forests by planting vines. The favorable taxation and tax exemption of serf vineyards encouraged farmers to grow and plant vineyards. For serfs, however, the most obvious advantage of the vineyard was the freedom of the estate. The serfs had to seek the consent of the manor for contracts relating to the ownership of the vineyard, but the approval was almost never refused by the manor. The serf vineyard meant such a value that – unless it was necessary ...
Working Group of Economic and Social History, Regional Committee of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in Pécs eBooks, 2023
The purpose of the study. The purpose of the study is to determine how different the situation of... more The purpose of the study. The purpose of the study is to determine how different the situation of serfs living in public foundation manors differed from that of serfs living in private manors or church manors. Applied methods. We analyzed the manorial accounts of the public foundation district of Pécsvárad, which is located in Hungarian National Archives of Baranya County, as well as other censuses and court documents. The focus of the examination was the three abbey estates in Pécsvárad. Outcomes. The accounts showed that the source of income of public foundation manors were significantly different from that of private or church manors. The "robot" reports show that the serfs had ample opportunity to get rid of this burdensome service. The favorable terms of the land leases proved that the serfs living in the public foundation district had more opportunities for economic growth, and they took advantage of this. Farming on leased lands and clearings, significantly increased the economic opportunities of the serfs. The lack of "allodium" offered the serfs ample space for farming.Keywords: estate, public foundation, "robot", "allodium", leased land L'origine du fonds public Le fonctionnement, l'administration et l'exploitation des domaines étaient essentiellement déterminés par le propriétaire, le seigneur. Dans le cas des domaines ecclésiastiques et privés les propriétaires et les décideurs étaient les mêmes. Que la direction du domaine soit décidée par une seule personne, une réunion de famille ou une assemblée capitulaire, l'intérêt était évident. Dans le cas des domaines ecclésiastiques la personne désignée pour gérer le domaine, généralement un chanoine, a été lui-même propriétaire et il était donc bien intéressé à augmenter les revenus. 93 Le Theresianum était géré séparément des autres fonds, non pas par le praefectus du district du fonds public, mais par un conseil d'administration à Vienne. 94 Les villages sont mentionnés dans l'étude par leurs noms contemporains : Agárd (Sióagárd), Bozsok (Palotabozsok), Földvár (Dunaföldvár), Jenő (Baranyajenő), Kéménd (Máriakéménd), Kér (Németkér), Kömlőd (Dunakömlőd), Rácmecske (Erdősmecske), Varasd (Apátvarasd), Várkony (Zengővárkony).
Working Group of Economic and Social History, Regional Committee of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in Pécs eBooks, 2022
The purpose of the study. The fundamental question is what factors influenced the living conditio... more The purpose of the study. The fundamental question is what factors influenced the living conditions of the 515 orphans left in the Versend estate between 1815 and 1848. To what extent impacted the inherited wealth, the age of the orphaned child, the number of siblings, and the role of guardianship and lordship shaping the fate of orphans. Applied methods. The orphan census and orphan documents of the Versend estate formed the basis of the research. With the help of data referring to their financial conditions, it was possible to compare the types of heritage and the handling of it. On the one hand, we examined the percentage distribution of all assets, and on the other hand, we performed calculations by filtering out different groups. The conclusions drawn from the figures were confirmed by examining individual examples. In the course of the research, in addition to our previous processing of the orphans of the Pécsvárad public foundation estate, we also reviewed the works related to the orphans in France. Outcomes. Most of the orphans in Versend were very poor, and the loss of their parents made their situation much worse financially. The little more affluent only had the opportunity to learn, which mostly meant some kind of craftsmanship. Marriage also allowed orphans displaced from the family farm to get land, so orphans were married relatively early. Early deaths were affected by the scarcity of wealth, the number of siblings, the age of becoming an orphan. The fate of the orphans was basically determined by their financial situation, but its further development was influenced by the person of the guardian, their residence and circumstances, and even the solicitude of the orphan's guardian.
Different Approaches to Economic and Social Changes: New Research Issues, Sources and Results, 2022
The purpose of the study. The fundamental question is what factors influenced the living conditio... more The purpose of the study. The fundamental question is what factors influenced the living conditions of the 515 orphans left in the Versend estate between 1815 and 1848. To what extent impacted the inherited wealth, the age of the orphaned child, the number of siblings, and the role of guardianship and lordship shaping the fate of orphans. Applied methods. The orphan census and orphan documents of the Versend estate formed the basis of the research. With the help of data referring to their financial conditions, it was possible to compare the types of heritage and the handling of it. On the one hand, we examined the percentage distribution of all assets, and on the other hand, we performed calculations by filtering out different groups. The conclusions drawn from the figures were confirmed by examining individual examples. In the course of the research, in addition to our previous processing of the orphans of the Pécsvárad public foundation estate, we also reviewed the works related t...
In the first half of the 19th century, there were no more home-grown vineyards in the estates of ... more In the first half of the 19th century, there were no more home-grown vineyards in the estates of the Pécsvárad public foundation district. It was in the interest of the lords to encourage the serfs to grow grapes and to plant grapes, as the wine was needed. The vineyards of the serfs can be divided into three major groups on the basis of the payment that are the following: contributory vineyard, non-contributory vineyard, planted on leased land. Farmers in many cases have initiated the utilization of arable land, pastures, meadows and forests by planting vines. The favorable taxation and tax exemption of serf vineyards encouraged farmers to grow and plant vineyards. For serfs, however, the most obvious advantage of the vineyard was the freedom of the estate. The serfs had to seek the consent of the manor for contracts relating to the ownership of the vineyard, but the approval was almost never refused by the manor. The serf vineyard meant such a value that – unless it was necessary ...
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