A single fasting level of serum prolactin was measured in each of sixty control subjects and eigh... more A single fasting level of serum prolactin was measured in each of sixty control subjects and eighty-three psychiatric patients of both sexes who had been on neuroleptic therapy for 2-4 weeks (acute treatment) or at least 5 years (chronic treatment) and who were aged either 17-45 or 48-85 years. All groups of patients had significantly higher mean prolactin levels than controls. Gender, age group of women, and exposure to acute or chronic treatment were significant variables determining the magnitude of neuroleptic-induced elevation of prolactin. In some of the groups, dose, duration of chronic therapy, and concomitant administration of anticholinergic drugs also influenced prolactin levels.Whereas all acutely treated women had prolactin values above the control range, one out of twelve (8.3%) of the women aged 17-45 years and six out of fourteen (42.9%) of the women aged 48-85 years who were under chronic treatment had normal values. Normal prolactin levels were also found in five out of sixteen (31.2%) of the acutely treated and nine out of twenty-four (37.5%) of the chronically treated men aged 17-85 years.
To evaluate the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in the El Paso, Texas, region... more To evaluate the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in the El Paso, Texas, region. Prospective observational study conducted from April-October 2000. Several hospitals and clinics. Five hundred forty-seven participants. Semi-structured interview with a bilingual questionnaire. Complementary and alternative medicine was used in 77% of our population. The most common CAM providers were massage therapists (19.4%) and herbalists (12.4%). The most common herbal or home remedies were chamomile (13.1%) and aloe vera (8.5%). The most common nutritional or commercial products were multivitamins (16%), ginseng (3.6%), and ginkgo biloba (2.8%). We identified 599 CAM usages that could result in drug interactions, disease interactions, or adverse reactions. A wide range of CAM use was documented in this study. Our results indicate that Hispanics in this area use CAM at a higher rate than national trends. Many of these therapies can adversely affect a variety of disease states and drug therapies.
Objective: To evaluate the association between stunting in children and maternal short stature, c... more Objective: To evaluate the association between stunting in children and maternal short stature, controlling for potential environmental confounders. Design: 1988 Mexico National Nutrition Survey. Setting: Mexico Subjects: The ®nal sample size was 4663 pairs of children (`5 y) and their mothers (12 ± 49 y) from a total of 13 236 surveyed houses. Main outcome measures: Stunting (height-for-age Z-scores`7 2). Results: The prevalence of stunting in children was 19%, and 10% of the mothers exhibited short stature (`145 cm). In the crude analysis, mothers with short stature were signi®cantly more likely to have stunted children (odds ratio (OR) 4.0; 95% con®dence interval (CI) 3.2 ± 4.8; P-value`0.001). In a multiple logistic regression model the OR for child stunting was reduced, but remained signi®cant OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.6 ± 2.6; P-value`0.001) after adjustment for region, urbanarural residence, socio-economic status, household size, child age and presence of infection in the past 14 d, and maternal age, body mass index (BMI), and educational level. Adjusted ORs varied between regions (Mexico City, OR 3.9; North Mexico, OR 3.1; Central Mexico, OR 2.0; South Mexico, OR 1.6. Comparison of crude vs adjusted estimates pointed to regional differences in the proportion of association between maternal and child short statures explained by environmental determinants. Conclusions: Maternal stature, re¯ecting her potential height and early environment, appeared to contribute to child height independently of the shared risk factors that could affect stature. Nonetheless, we could explain much of the association between stunting in children and maternal short stature by environmental factors, and part of the residual variability may be due to unmeasured determinants. Regional differences pointed to a predominance of environmental factors in explaining child stunting in poorer regions.
Objective: To evaluate the association between stunting in children and maternal short stature, c... more Objective: To evaluate the association between stunting in children and maternal short stature, controlling for potential environmental confounders. Design: 1988 Mexico National Nutrition Survey. Setting: Mexico Subjects: The ®nal sample size was 4663 pairs of children (`5 y) and their mothers (12 ± 49 y) from a total of 13 236 surveyed houses. Main outcome measures: Stunting (height-for-age Z-scores`7 2). Results: The prevalence of stunting in children was 19%, and 10% of the mothers exhibited short stature (`145 cm). In the crude analysis, mothers with short stature were signi®cantly more likely to have stunted children (odds ratio (OR) 4.0; 95% con®dence interval (CI) 3.2 ± 4.8; P-value`0.001). In a multiple logistic regression model the OR for child stunting was reduced, but remained signi®cant OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.6 ± 2.6; P-value`0.001) after adjustment for region, urbanarural residence, socio-economic status, household size, child age and presence of infection in the past 14 d, and maternal age, body mass index (BMI), and educational level. Adjusted ORs varied between regions (Mexico City, OR 3.9; North Mexico, OR 3.1; Central Mexico, OR 2.0; South Mexico, OR 1.6. Comparison of crude vs adjusted estimates pointed to regional differences in the proportion of association between maternal and child short statures explained by environmental determinants. Conclusions: Maternal stature, re¯ecting her potential height and early environment, appeared to contribute to child height independently of the shared risk factors that could affect stature. Nonetheless, we could explain much of the association between stunting in children and maternal short stature by environmental factors, and part of the residual variability may be due to unmeasured determinants. Regional differences pointed to a predominance of environmental factors in explaining child stunting in poorer regions.
El término "diagnostico" proviene de la palabra griega diagnisnoskein que significa distinguir. L... more El término "diagnostico" proviene de la palabra griega diagnisnoskein que significa distinguir. La partícula "dia" significa "a través de" y "gnisnoskein" significa "conocer". Podemos concluir que cualquiera que haga una afirmación o conclusión acerca de la causa o esencia de un estado, situación o problema está haciendo un diagnóstico.
A single fasting level of serum prolactin was measured in each of sixty control subjects and eigh... more A single fasting level of serum prolactin was measured in each of sixty control subjects and eighty-three psychiatric patients of both sexes who had been on neuroleptic therapy for 2-4 weeks (acute treatment) or at least 5 years (chronic treatment) and who were aged either 17-45 or 48-85 years. All groups of patients had significantly higher mean prolactin levels than controls. Gender, age group of women, and exposure to acute or chronic treatment were significant variables determining the magnitude of neuroleptic-induced elevation of prolactin. In some of the groups, dose, duration of chronic therapy, and concomitant administration of anticholinergic drugs also influenced prolactin levels.Whereas all acutely treated women had prolactin values above the control range, one out of twelve (8.3%) of the women aged 17-45 years and six out of fourteen (42.9%) of the women aged 48-85 years who were under chronic treatment had normal values. Normal prolactin levels were also found in five out of sixteen (31.2%) of the acutely treated and nine out of twenty-four (37.5%) of the chronically treated men aged 17-85 years.
To evaluate the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in the El Paso, Texas, region... more To evaluate the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in the El Paso, Texas, region. Prospective observational study conducted from April-October 2000. Several hospitals and clinics. Five hundred forty-seven participants. Semi-structured interview with a bilingual questionnaire. Complementary and alternative medicine was used in 77% of our population. The most common CAM providers were massage therapists (19.4%) and herbalists (12.4%). The most common herbal or home remedies were chamomile (13.1%) and aloe vera (8.5%). The most common nutritional or commercial products were multivitamins (16%), ginseng (3.6%), and ginkgo biloba (2.8%). We identified 599 CAM usages that could result in drug interactions, disease interactions, or adverse reactions. A wide range of CAM use was documented in this study. Our results indicate that Hispanics in this area use CAM at a higher rate than national trends. Many of these therapies can adversely affect a variety of disease states and drug therapies.
Objective: To evaluate the association between stunting in children and maternal short stature, c... more Objective: To evaluate the association between stunting in children and maternal short stature, controlling for potential environmental confounders. Design: 1988 Mexico National Nutrition Survey. Setting: Mexico Subjects: The ®nal sample size was 4663 pairs of children (`5 y) and their mothers (12 ± 49 y) from a total of 13 236 surveyed houses. Main outcome measures: Stunting (height-for-age Z-scores`7 2). Results: The prevalence of stunting in children was 19%, and 10% of the mothers exhibited short stature (`145 cm). In the crude analysis, mothers with short stature were signi®cantly more likely to have stunted children (odds ratio (OR) 4.0; 95% con®dence interval (CI) 3.2 ± 4.8; P-value`0.001). In a multiple logistic regression model the OR for child stunting was reduced, but remained signi®cant OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.6 ± 2.6; P-value`0.001) after adjustment for region, urbanarural residence, socio-economic status, household size, child age and presence of infection in the past 14 d, and maternal age, body mass index (BMI), and educational level. Adjusted ORs varied between regions (Mexico City, OR 3.9; North Mexico, OR 3.1; Central Mexico, OR 2.0; South Mexico, OR 1.6. Comparison of crude vs adjusted estimates pointed to regional differences in the proportion of association between maternal and child short statures explained by environmental determinants. Conclusions: Maternal stature, re¯ecting her potential height and early environment, appeared to contribute to child height independently of the shared risk factors that could affect stature. Nonetheless, we could explain much of the association between stunting in children and maternal short stature by environmental factors, and part of the residual variability may be due to unmeasured determinants. Regional differences pointed to a predominance of environmental factors in explaining child stunting in poorer regions.
Objective: To evaluate the association between stunting in children and maternal short stature, c... more Objective: To evaluate the association between stunting in children and maternal short stature, controlling for potential environmental confounders. Design: 1988 Mexico National Nutrition Survey. Setting: Mexico Subjects: The ®nal sample size was 4663 pairs of children (`5 y) and their mothers (12 ± 49 y) from a total of 13 236 surveyed houses. Main outcome measures: Stunting (height-for-age Z-scores`7 2). Results: The prevalence of stunting in children was 19%, and 10% of the mothers exhibited short stature (`145 cm). In the crude analysis, mothers with short stature were signi®cantly more likely to have stunted children (odds ratio (OR) 4.0; 95% con®dence interval (CI) 3.2 ± 4.8; P-value`0.001). In a multiple logistic regression model the OR for child stunting was reduced, but remained signi®cant OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.6 ± 2.6; P-value`0.001) after adjustment for region, urbanarural residence, socio-economic status, household size, child age and presence of infection in the past 14 d, and maternal age, body mass index (BMI), and educational level. Adjusted ORs varied between regions (Mexico City, OR 3.9; North Mexico, OR 3.1; Central Mexico, OR 2.0; South Mexico, OR 1.6. Comparison of crude vs adjusted estimates pointed to regional differences in the proportion of association between maternal and child short statures explained by environmental determinants. Conclusions: Maternal stature, re¯ecting her potential height and early environment, appeared to contribute to child height independently of the shared risk factors that could affect stature. Nonetheless, we could explain much of the association between stunting in children and maternal short stature by environmental factors, and part of the residual variability may be due to unmeasured determinants. Regional differences pointed to a predominance of environmental factors in explaining child stunting in poorer regions.
El término "diagnostico" proviene de la palabra griega diagnisnoskein que significa distinguir. L... more El término "diagnostico" proviene de la palabra griega diagnisnoskein que significa distinguir. La partícula "dia" significa "a través de" y "gnisnoskein" significa "conocer". Podemos concluir que cualquiera que haga una afirmación o conclusión acerca de la causa o esencia de un estado, situación o problema está haciendo un diagnóstico.
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