Papers by José Manuel León Jurado
Animals
The present research aims to develop a carcass quality characterization methodology for minority ... more The present research aims to develop a carcass quality characterization methodology for minority chicken populations. The clustering patterns described across local chicken genotypes by the meat cuts from the carcass were evaluated via a comprehensive meta-analysis of ninety-one research documents published over the last 20 years. These documents characterized the meat quality of native chicken breeds. After the evaluation of their contents, thirty-nine variables were identified. Variables were sorted into eight clusters as follows; weight-related traits, water-holding capacity, colour-related traits, histological properties, texture-related traits, pH, content of flavour-related nucleotides, and gross nutrients. Multicollinearity analyses (VIF ≤ 5) were run to discard redundancies. Chicken sex, firmness, chewiness, L* meat 72 h post-mortem, a* meat 72 h post-mortem, b* meat 72 h post-mortem, and pH 72 h post-mortem were deemed redundant and discarded from the study. Data-mining chi...
Scientific Reports
Despite the wide biodiversity of avian species of zootechnical interest in Spain, projects aimed ... more Despite the wide biodiversity of avian species of zootechnical interest in Spain, projects aimed at characterizing these genotypes and their products are necessary. External and internal egg quality traits were measured in 819 eggs laid by hens of 10 different genotypes: White, Franciscan, Black and Partridge varieties of Utrerana, Blue Andalusian, Spanish White-Faced, Andalusian Tufted White and Black varieties, Araucana; and Leghorn Lohmann LSL-Classic lineage (commercial hybrid line) hen breeds. After multicollinearity analysis of egg quality-related traits was performed (VIF ≤ 4), major diameter, minor diameter, egg weight, and albumen height were deemed redundant explanatory variables and discarded. A stepwise discriminant canonical analysis was developed to cluster eggs across hen genotypes considering egg quality attributes. Shell a* and b* variables reported the highest discriminant power (Wilks’ lambda: 0.699 and 0.729, respectively). The first two discriminant functions ca...
Foods
The present research aimed to determine the differential clustering patterns of carcass and meat ... more The present research aimed to determine the differential clustering patterns of carcass and meat quality traits in local chicken breeds from around the world and to develop a method to productively characterize minority bird populations. For this, a comprehensive meta-analysis of 91 research documents that dealt with the study of chicken local breeds through the last 20 years was performed. Thirty-nine traits were sorted into the following clusters: weight-related traits, histological properties, pH, color traits, water-holding capacity, texture-related traits, flavor content-related nucleotides, and gross nutrients. Multicollinearity problems reported for pH 72 h post mortem, L* meat 72 h post mortem, a* meat 72 h post mortem, sex, firmness, and chewiness, were thus discarded from further analyses (VIF < 5). Data-mining cross-validation and chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID) decision tree development allowed us to detect similarities across genotypes. Easily col...
Animals
Despite their pivotal position as relevant sources for high-quality proteins in particularly hard... more Despite their pivotal position as relevant sources for high-quality proteins in particularly hard environmental contexts, the domestic goat has not benefited from the advances made in genomics compared to other livestock species. Genetic analysis based on the study of candidate genes is considered an appropriate approach to elucidate the physiological mechanisms involved in the regulation of the expression of functional traits. This is especially relevant when such functional traits are linked to economic interest. The knowledge of candidate genes, their location on the goat genetic map and the specific phenotypic outcomes that may arise due to the regulation of their expression act as a catalyzer for the efficiency and accuracy of goat-breeding policies, which in turn translates into a greater competitiveness and sustainable profit for goats worldwide. To this aim, this review presents a chronological comprehensive analysis of caprine genetics and genomics through the evaluation of...
Veterinary Sciences, 2022
Genetic diversity and demographic parameters were computed to evaluate the historic effects of co... more Genetic diversity and demographic parameters were computed to evaluate the historic effects of coat colour segregation in the process of configuration of the Hispano-Arabian horse (Há). Pedigree records from 207,100 individuals born between 1884 and 2019 were used. Although coat colour is not a determinant for the admission of Hispano-Arabian individuals as apt for breeding, it may provide a representative visual insight into the gene contribution of Spanish Purebred horses (PRE), given many of the dilution genes described in Há are not present in the Arabian Purebred breed (PRá). The lack of consideration of coat colour inheritance patterns by the entities in charge of individual registration and the dodging behaviour of breeders towards the historic banning policies, may have acted as a buffer for diversity loss (lower than 8%). Inbreeding levels ranged from 1.81% in smokey cream horses to 8.80 for white horses. Contextually, crossbred breeding may increase the likelihood for doub...
Animals, 2021
This study aimed to develop a tool to perform the morphological characterization of Sureña and Ut... more This study aimed to develop a tool to perform the morphological characterization of Sureña and Utrerana breeds, two endangered autochthonous breeds ascribed to the Mediterranean trunk of Spanish autochthonous hens and their varieties (n = 608; 473 females and 135 males). Kruskal–Wallis H test reported sex dimorphism pieces of evidence (p < 0.05 at least). Multicollinearity analysis reported (variance inflation factor (VIF) >5 variables were discarded) white nails, ocular ratio, and back length (Wilks’ lambda values of 0.191, 0.357, and 0.429, respectively) to have the highest discriminant power in female morphological characterization. For males, ocular ratio and black/corneous and white beak colors (Wilks’ lambda values of 0.180, 0.210, and 0.349, respectively) displayed the greatest discriminant potential. The first two functions explained around 90% intergroup variability. A stepwise discriminant canonical analysis (DCA) was used to determine genotype clustering patterns. I...
This study evaluated the genetic (TG) and phenotypic (TF) trends for the peak yield (PP), milk yi... more This study evaluated the genetic (TG) and phenotypic (TF) trends for the peak yield (PP), milk yield (RL), and lactation persistency (P) traits of the Murciano-Granadina (MG) goat lactation curve obtained from 80,872 lactations of 85,404 goats (historical records from 1990-2012). The biomodelling of lactation curves allowed us to estimate the PP, RL, and P traits using the Spline model in the “R” software. The genetic values (VGs) were obtained using the univariate animal model with repeated observations, employing the Rev Mex Cienc Pecu 2020;11(2):380-392 381 MTDFREML package. The TG and TF were estimated via the least-squares regression of the average of VGs and known yield information according to the year of birth. While calculating the TG and TF, linear regression coefficients (b) were obtained, where the b values for PP, RL, and P were +0.00071, +0.00698; +0.00114, +0.01117; and +0.00002, -0.00076, respectively. The TG and TF for the PP and RL behaved similarly following an up...
Biometric characterization is useful in describing cattle breeds, distinguishing between them and... more Biometric characterization is useful in describing cattle breeds, distinguishing between them and assessing their diversity. The Criollo Santa Elena Peninsula (Ecuador) breed was described with a biometric analysis of 217 adult animals (198 females and 19 females) involving fourteen morphometric variables, live weight and fourteen morphometric indices. An analysis of variance was run with only sex as the variation factor. Pearson correlation coefficients were estimated and principal components analysis run based on variable residuals. A multivariate analysis was then run to differentiate between four Ecuadorian Creole cattle populations with a canonical discriminant analysis. This involved fourteen morphometric variables and live weight in a sample of 1,388 adult females (Lojano: 198; Manabí: 794; Santa Elena: 198; Tsachilas: 198). The results indicate the Criollo Santa Elena Peninsula breed has a normal tendency and an Rev Mex Cienc Pecu 2019;10(4):819-836 820 intermediate body for...
Research in Veterinary Science, 2021
This study aimed to compare the egg laying performance of the four varieties (white, franciscan, ... more This study aimed to compare the egg laying performance of the four varieties (white, franciscan, black, and partridge) of a Spanish endangered Utrerana hen breed. A flock of 60 Utrerana hens (15 hen/variety) were individually housed to enable daily egg traceability. Compartmental, Gamma, linear hyperbolic, logistic curvilinear, McNally, Narushin-Takma, and quadratic logarithmic nonlinear regression functions were fitted. Goodness-of-fit (coefficient of determination (R2)) and flexibility criteria (mean squared error (MSE), Akaike information criteria (AIC), corrected Akaike information criteria (AICc), Bayesian information criteria (BIC)) were evaluated to identify the best-fitting function to model for egg production curve. Best-fitting values were reported by the six-parameter Narushin-Takma model for white (R2 = 0.828), franciscan (R2 = 0.888), and black (R2 = 0.899) varieties. By contrast, quadratic logarithmic was reported to be the best-fitting model for partridge Utrerana hen egg production curve (R2 = 0.917). The characterization of the laying cycle of endangered avian breeds varieties permits tailoring productive strategies which may ensure animal welfare at the same that they boost economic potentialities, enabling the productive model to better simultaneously fulfill animal needs and human demands. As a result, breed diversity may act as the motor element to improve economic profitability, but in turn may also ensure the conservation of the local genetic resources from which desirable products, such as the egg, are obtained.
Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 2020
Operant conditioning and quantitative and Qualitative Behavioral Assessment synergism can provide... more Operant conditioning and quantitative and Qualitative Behavioral Assessment synergism can provide valuable information about animals' extinction/learning and emotional status. In this study, we tested operant conditioning with 300 donkeys using six different reinforcers. Simultaneously, we studied the effects 15 animal-inherent, environment and location, and test-related factors had on the response type and intensity, mood, and extinction/learning ability variables. We sought to test three hypotheses using nonparametric categorical analyses. First, we studied which of the 15 noncognitive factors could explain the variability of the 4 behavioral variables and their explanatory power. Second, we assessed the frontal and lateral ear positions donkeys displayed when each reinforcement treatment was implemented to study the correlations between the ear position and twelve mood Qualitative Behavioral Assessment categories. Third, we assessed which reinforcement treatment was more suitable to promote donkeys' learning and welfare, studying their success rate at completing the operant conditioning test and welfare-related behavioral signs, respectively. Almost all noncognitive factors significantly affected four variables (P < 0.001), although some were not linearly correlated. Our results show that body language is as an efficient tool to report translatable information on the donkey's mood and that neutral or luring/ positive reinforcement techniques promote learning and are welfare-friendly methods to modified behaviors in donkeys.
Italian Journal of Animal Science, 2021
Vallejo (2021) Characterisation of biological growth curves of different varieties of an endanger... more Vallejo (2021) Characterisation of biological growth curves of different varieties of an endangered native hen breed kept under free range conditions,
Animals, 2020
A total of 137,927 controls of 22,932 Murciano-Granadina first lactation goats (measured between ... more A total of 137,927 controls of 22,932 Murciano-Granadina first lactation goats (measured between 1996–2016) were evaluated to determine the influence of the number of kids, season, year and farm on total milk yield, daily milk yield, lactation length, total production of fat and protein and percentages of fat and protein. All factors analyzed had a significant effect on the variables studied, except for the influence of the number of kids on the percentages of fat and protein, where the variation was very small. Goats with two offspring produced nearly 15% more milk, fat and protein per lactation compared to goats with simple kids. Kiddings occurring in summer–autumn resulted in average milk, fat and protein yields nearly 14, 19 and 23% higher when compared to winter–spring kiddings. Lactation curves were evaluated to determine the effects of the number of kids and season, using the linearized version of the model of Wood in random regression analyses. Peak Yield increased by about ...
Mathematics, 2020
SPSS model syntax was defined and used to evaluate the individual performance of 49 linear and no... more SPSS model syntax was defined and used to evaluate the individual performance of 49 linear and non-linear models to fit the lactation curve of 159 Murciano-Granadina goats selected for genotyping analyses. Lactation curve shape, peak and persistence were evaluated for each model using 3107 milk yield controls with an average of 3.78 ± 2.05 lactations per goat. Best fit (Adjusted R2) values (0.47) were reached by the five-parameter logarithmic model of Ali and Schaeffer. Three main possibilities were detected: non-fitting (did not converge), standard (Adjusted R2 over 75%) and atypical curves (Adjusted R2 below 75%). All the goats fitted for 38 models. The ability to fit different possible functional forms for each goat, which progressively increased with the number of parameters comprised in each model, translated into a higher sensitivity to explaining curve shape individual variability. However, for models for which all goats fitted, only moderate increases in explanatory and pred...
Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias, 2020
El objetivo fue evaluar las tendencias genéticas (TG) y fenotípicas (TF) para los caracteres de p... more El objetivo fue evaluar las tendencias genéticas (TG) y fenotípicas (TF) para los caracteres de pico productivo (PP), rendimiento lechero (RL) y persistencia de la lactación (P) en la curva de lactación de la raza Murciano-Granadina (MG). Para ello se utilizaron 180,872 lactaciones, de 85,404 cabras (registros históricos de 1990-2012). Para la obtención de los caracteres de interés (PP, RL y P) se realizó la biomodelación de curvas de lactación mediante el modelo Spline usando el software “R”. Los valores genéticos (VG) se obtuvieron mediante modelo animal univariado con observaciones repetidas, empleándose el paquete MTDFREML. Las TG y TF se estimaron vía mínimos cuadrados en una regresión del promedio de los VG e información productiva conocida según el año de nacimiento. En el cálculo de las TG y TF se obtuvieron coeficientes de regresión lineal (b), donde los valores b para PP, RL y P fueron de +0.00071, +0.00698; +0.00114, +0.01117 y +0.00002, -0.00076; respectivamente. El tray...
Research in Veterinary Science, 2020
New World's hair sheep breeds may genetically stem from West African introgression into establish... more New World's hair sheep breeds may genetically stem from West African introgression into established ecotypes of Spanish descent presumably extinct in the XIX Century. However, present Canary non-wooled breeds have presumably regressively resulted from the absorption of primitive individuals through Venezuelan descendants. We studied genetic diversity, structure, and evolution of the Canary hair sheep since its reintroduction in the 1950s. Demographic and genetic variability were evaluated using ENDOG (v4.8). Effective population size based on individual inbreeding rate was around one third higher than when based on individual coancestry rate. Nei's distances and equivalent subpopulations number indicated a highly-structured population. Although genetic diversity loss since the founder generations could be considered small, narrower pedigree bottlenecks could result from intraflock breeding policies and excessive contribution of few ancestors. Long generation intervals could be considered when reducing inbreeding. Wright's fixation statistics indicated slight interflock inbreeding. Pedigree completeness suggested genetic parameters were reliable, hence controlling inbreeding negative effects, could indeed, be crucial preserving these animal resources, consolidating the population in the archipelago after reintroduction.
Animals, 2019
Sex determination is key to designing endangered poultry population conservation and breeding pro... more Sex determination is key to designing endangered poultry population conservation and breeding programs when sex distribution departs from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. A total of 112 Utrerana chickens (28 per variety, partridge, black, white, and franciscan) were selected for hatching day sexing. Sex assignation was performed through 10 methods. Three sex assignment criteria comprised criteria found in literature, opposite criteria to that in the literature, and composite criteria combining methods reporting the highest predictive success from the previous ones. This study aims to determine which method combinations may more successfully determine sex across the four varieties of Utrerana endangered hen breed to tailor noninvasive early specific models to determine sex in local chicken populations. Although the explanatory power of the three assignation criteria is equal (75%), assignation criteria 2 resulted to be the most efficient as it correctly assigns males more frequently. Only...
Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias, 2019
Se estudió una muestra de 217 animales adultos (198 hembras y 19 machos) de ganado bovino criollo... more Se estudió una muestra de 217 animales adultos (198 hembras y 19 machos) de ganado bovino criollo de la provincia de Santa Elena (Ecuador) con el objetivo de realizar un análisis biométrico como base para su caracterización racial. Se obtuvieron los estadísticos descriptivos de 14 variables zoométricas, el peso vivo y 14 índices zoométricos. Asimismo, se efectuó un análisis de varianza con el sexo como factor de variación, se estimaron los coeficientes de correlación Pearson, así como se realizó un análisis de componentes principales a partir de los residuos de las variables. Posteriormente, se realizó un análisis multivariante para la diferenciación de poblaciones mediante análisis discriminante canónico utilizando 14 variables zoométricas y el peso vivo sobre una muestra de 1,388 hembras adultas (Lojano: 198; Manabí: 794; Santa Elena: 198; Tsachilas: 198). Los resultados obtenidos confirman que la población bovina de Santa Elena presenta tendencia eumétrica y un formato corporal i...
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Papers by José Manuel León Jurado