Papers by Jorge Ivan Silva Ortega
Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, 2023
This paper presents a methodology based on the ISO-50001 standard to assess the energy impact of ... more This paper presents a methodology based on the ISO-50001 standard to assess the energy impact of replacing standard-efficiency motors with high-efficiency motors driven by variable speed drives in an industrial pumping system. The methodology includes the inspection and installation of the new technology, measurements, data processing, and analysis of the results. In addition, an energy efficiency indicator, an energy baseline, and a Pareto diagram are used, while the harmonics generated by new technologies are evaluated. The contribution of the methodology is that it allows for a comprehensive energy diagnosis using easily measurable data like electricity consumption and water flow, replacing the measurement of the motor's mechanical power in industrial conditions, which is a current challenge. The methodology applied in the case study showed that the technological changes saved 36% of energy and that the variable speed drives increased current harmonics by 10%.
This paper presents a methodology based on the ISO-50001 standard to assess the energy impact of ... more This paper presents a methodology based on the ISO-50001 standard to assess the energy impact of replacing standard-efficiency motors with high-efficiency motors driven by variable speed drives in an industrial pumping system. The methodology includes the inspection and installation of the new technology, measurements, data processing, and analysis of the results. In addition, an energy efficiency indicator, an energy baseline, and a Pareto diagram are used, while the harmonics generated by new technologies are evaluated. The contribution of the methodology is that it allows for a comprehensive energy diagnosis using easily measurable data like electricity consumption and water flow, replacing the measurement of the motor's mechanical power in industrial conditions, which is a current challenge. The methodology applied in the case study showed that the technological changes saved 36% of energy and that the variable speed drives increased current harmonics by 10%.
ENERGIES, 2023
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 2023
Thermal power plants are the widely conventional generation unit technology used to produce elect... more Thermal power plants are the widely conventional generation unit technology used to produce electricity being controllable and dispatchable. The location of thermal power plants depends on the energy availability conditions of the areas and the capacity to fuels access. Their location and geographical distribution define a high level of concentration in areas defined as thermal districts and its location define reliability, security, availability, and flexibility indices to avoid critical scenario or support system from contingencies. However, in many cases the electrical configuration does not correspond to requirements. This paper links the concentration by political distribution in Colombia and the configuration used in the generating substations to guarantee requirements. The Hirschman-Herfindahl index as a market tool is used to evaluate energy concentration facing representative participation in certain departments of Colombia. Results evidenced configurations and concentration in a study case, results and analysis could be used for planner to promote participation, reliability and promote. The paper's contribution and conclusions are linked to guide planners towards market and technical tool to evaluate installed capacities, avoid market concentration, and reduce risky scenarios.
A failure in the bottom sheet of a bucket conveyor (KZBQ.AUMUND) during service was investigated.... more A failure in the bottom sheet of a bucket conveyor (KZBQ.AUMUND) during service was investigated. Sheets are coupled to the chain throught a screw connection; they operate in variable load scenarios causing fatigue. A chemical and microstructural analysis was made showing that sheet was built in steel with 0.15 % of Carbone without alloying elements that contribute to the refined grain and resistance increase. Strength calculation, used to determinate safety factor, consider load system and type material. Results concluded that geometry and thickness value do not provide an adequate fatigue resistance coefficient.Es investigada la falla en las láminas del fondo de un transportador de cangilones KZB-Q.AUMUND durante su servicio. Las láminas están acopladas a una cadena a través de uniones atornilladas y operan bajo un régimen de cargas variables causándoles fatiga. Se realiza un análisis químico y microestructural el cual evidencia que las láminas fueron elaboradas de un acero con 0,...
Sustainability
An appropriate design of a chiller plant is crucial to guarantee highly performing solutions. How... more An appropriate design of a chiller plant is crucial to guarantee highly performing solutions. However, several design variables, such as type of systems, total cooling capacity, and hydraulic arrangement, need to be considered. On the one hand, at present, different technical criteria for selecting the most suitable design variables are available. Studies that corroborate the influence of the design variables over the operational variables are missing. In order to fill this knowledge gap, this work proposes a statistical analysis of design variables in chiller plants operating in medium- and large-scale applications and evaluates their influence on energy consumption and life cycle cost (LCC) under the same thermal demand conditions. A case study involving 138 chiller plant combinations featuring different arrangements and a Cuban hotel was selected. The results suggested that the total chiller design and cooling capacity distribution among chillers have a significant influence on t...
Internacional Review of Electrical Engineering, 2022
Single-phase distribution transformers are commonly installed in outdoor distribution networks to... more Single-phase distribution transformers are commonly installed in outdoor distribution networks to supply electricity to final users. Utilities are used to receive abnormal operating reports related to typical failures that negatively affect the reliability and security indicators. Therefore, a follow-up model is proposed in this paper to evaluate the failure factors of distribution transformers installed in high environmental pollution zones. The results show that the main factors that cause failures are overload, overvoltage, overcurrent, moisture, hot spots, manufacturing process, and lack of technical knowledge. Furthermore, all those factors are presented in a typical case using time-lines diagrams to characterize the main failures. Finally, hot spots, overloads, and unauthorized connections are the most critical failure factors identified in the research. According to the statistical analysis, those failures could occur 16 days after installing the transformer. The follow-up model presented in this research can characterize the main failures presented in outdoor distribution transformers.
Energy Reports, 2022
This paper presents a procedure to determine the cooling capacity distribution of the chillers co... more This paper presents a procedure to determine the cooling capacity distribution of the chillers composing a chiller plant using a statistical analysis of the building cooling demand. The mathematical-statistical procedure uses tools such as frequency histograms, box-and-whisker plots, stem-and-leaf plots, the generalized least squares method, and finally an iterative factorial procedure to generate from the processed information. Besides the manufacturer's data, all possible chiller plant combinations considering design constraints. The procedure was verified in a hotel facility. Eight thermal demand profiles were simulated. Statistical analysis yielded a range of individual capacities between 100-353 kW. The procedure generated 189 refrigeration plant combinations between 2 to 5 chillers, with a safety factor (SF) between 10%-20%. The highest number of combinations considered plants comprising three and four chillers, reaching 50 and 70 chiller plant options, respectively.
Sustainability, 2022
An appropriate design of a chiller plant is crucial to guarantee highly performing solutions. How... more An appropriate design of a chiller plant is crucial to guarantee highly performing solutions. However, several design variables, such as type of systems, total cooling capacity, and hydraulic arrangement, need to be considered. On the one hand, at present, different technical criteria for
selecting the most suitable design variables are available. Studies that corroborate the influence of the design variables over the operational variables are missing. In order to fill this knowledge gap, this work proposes a statistical analysis of design variables in chiller plants operating in medium- and large-scale applications and evaluates their influence on energy consumption and life cycle cost (LCC)
under the same thermal demand conditions. A case study involving 138 chiller plant combinations featuring different arrangements and a Cuban hotel was selected. The results suggested that the total chiller design and cooling capacity distribution among chillers have a significant influence on the energy consumption of the chiller plant with a Spearman’s Rho and Kendall Tau (t) correlation index value of 0.625 and 0.559, respectively. However, with LCC, only the cooling capacity distribution among the chillers had a certain influence with a Kendall Tau correlation index value of 0.289. As for the considered total cooling capacity, the applied statistical test showed that this design variable does not have any influence on performing the chiller plant.
International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2022
This research presents the process and the results to weigh and classify a set of criteria and su... more This research presents the process and the results to weigh and classify a set of criteria and subcriteria to be considered in Renewable Energy Planning projects for a particular area of Colombia. The implementation of electrification programs in the study area faces various obstacles, among them the inadequate selection of criteria and sub-criteria for assessing the relevance and credibility of the implemented projects, which is very important today, causing huge losses from many points of view. It is proposed to implement a multicriteria methodology (MMCM) that prioritizes criteria and subcriteria, the selected methodology is applied to the use of renewable and conventional energy sources in urban, rural, and isolated regions, one of the most used methods in the best selection process and also when making energy decisions. The Hierarchy Analysis Process (AHP) is used, the data is obtained from a survey to a group of experts with a collection and verification period of about 4 months, only to reduce inaccuracies on the developer side. This study explains the results obtained with a new multipurpose support system that helps to prioritize the most appropriate energy decision criteria and subcriteria of energy options to provide sufficient energy to meet local needs and improve living conditions. Based on the literature review, 4 criteria and 16 subcriteria were identified and submitted to review using the AHP methodology (Hierarchical Analysis Process). It can be determined that the most important criterion is the economic, followed by the social, environmental, and technical, and a hierarchy of subcriteria related to each criterion is established, establishing that for the study area the best source of energy is photovoltaic solar by communities.
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 2022
The renewable energy sources (RESs) projects are solutions with
environmental benefits that are c... more The renewable energy sources (RESs) projects are solutions with
environmental benefits that are changing the traditional power system
operation and concept. Transient stability analysis has opened new research trends to guarantee a secure operation high penetration. Problems such as frequency fluctuations, decoupling between generator angular speed, network frequency fluctuation and kinetic energy storing absence are the main non-conventional RESs penetration in power systems. This paper analyzes short-circuit influence on frequency response, focusing on weak distribution networks and isolated, to demonstrate relevance in frequency stability. A study case considered a generation outage and a load input to analyze frequency response. The paper compares frequency response during a generation outage with a short-circuit occurrence. In addition, modular value and angle generator terminal voltage affectation by electric arc and network ratio R⁄X, failure type influence in power delivered behavior, considering fault location, arc resistance and load. The arc resistance is defined as an added resistance that appears during failure and influences voltage modulus and angle value results showing that intermittent nonconventional RES participation can lead to frequency fluctuations. Results showed that arc resistance, type of failure, location and loadability determine the influence of frequency response factors in weak power systems.
Computer and Electronic Sciences: Theory and Applications
La realidad virtual ha tenido una gran avance entre la década 1940 y 1990. Desde entonces, se ha ... more La realidad virtual ha tenido una gran avance entre la década 1940 y 1990. Desde entonces, se ha implementado en múltiples áreas, tanto de la investigación como del conocimiento, siendo más reconocida en la industria del entretenimiento. Con el propósito de establecer el estado de la realidad virtual y obtener una idea de su futuro, 537 documentos científicos han sido revisados aplicando criterios de búsqueda específicos, como realidad virtual aplicada a la educación. Un análisis bibliométrico fue realizado, teniendo como base un resumen y descripción de cada artículo, así como sus palabras claves y tendencias, procediendo a categorizar cada documento de acuerdo con su campo de aplicación. Se encontró que la realidad virtual tiene una gran relevancia en la medicina y en el entrenamiento de personas, debido a su capacidad de simular situaciones difíciles y, sobre todo, condiciones específicas requeridas por instructores. El futuro de la realidad virtual como herramienta de entrenamie...
Este estudio compara el comportamiento del consumo energético para dos tecnologías diferentes de ... more Este estudio compara el comportamiento del consumo energético para dos tecnologías diferentes de climatización al interior del laboratorio de Máquinas Eléctricas de la Universidad de la Costa CUC. Durante el desarrollo de esta investigación se caracterizó el recinto y se identificaron los equipos con consumo significativo, destacándose el sistema de climatización como el de mayor consumo de energía. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, se realizó una comparación del consumo energético entre el sistema de climatización (tipo mini Split) con un sistema de volumen de refrigerante variable (VRF), considerando las mismas condiciones de carga interna y externas asociadas al estudio deedificaciones educativas. Esta comparación se llevó a cabo realizando mediciones de potencia eléctrica activa y consumo de energía del sistema actual durante un período de una semana típica de operación. Estos resultados se compararon por medio del modelamiento y simulación dinámica del desempeño energético del re...
El aprovechar eficientemente el potencial energético solar y eólico para la producción de energía... more El aprovechar eficientemente el potencial energético solar y eólico para la producción de energía eléctrica es un gran reto mundial. Es más necesario aun cuando se trata de comunidades rurales debido a la falta de proyectos que generen grandes oportunidades como opción de mejora de sus condiciones y sobre todo hacer que estos proyectos sean sostenibles a largo plazo. Este artículo presenta una revisión de los retos actuales en la sostenibilidad energética de comunidades indígenas de la Guajira Colombia y la forma en que pueden realizarse diferentes tipos de proyectos de energía sostenible para mejorar las diferentes necesidades de la población. El estudio se realizó en dos partes principales: la primera fue una consulta a la comunidad sobre las necesidades principales y la segunda la consulta sobre el potencial energético de la zona, con el fin de plantear posibles soluciones a necesidades no suplidas para la población. Como resultado del estudio se obtuvo que hay un alto interés de...
Electrical interconnections between Latin American countries are a reliable and secure source of ... more Electrical interconnections between Latin American countries are a reliable and secure source of energy supply that have had a comprehensive assessment, pointing to a new vision that considers taking the greatest advantage in electric markets in which transactions can be carried out and show a Joint and unified development. This has led to a globalization capable of establishing good relations between governments, bearing in mind that the energy issue is a central point for the development and quality of life of Latin American countries. This research article is presented as a technical consultation document, which allows to know the different structures of some electric sectors, and of the wholesale market of electrical energy of countries of Latin America. And it is the result of an investigation that allowed the accomplishment of a comparative analysis and as well the description of the fundamental aspects as: market model, of costs and tariffs and regulatory frameworks; In order...
Access to electricity as a public service is important issue to promote the economic development ... more Access to electricity as a public service is important issue to promote the economic development of isolated communities. However, this service is not available in many remote communities. Providing electricity service must be accompanied with some identification and characterization plans according to the energy needs, including the service quality and energy efficiency. The direct perception of the native communities is fundamental to define the requirements of new electrification projects. This paper summarizes the perceptions of native communities in La Guajira, Colombia about providing electricity service, and possible actions for improving energy resources available in the area. To achieve these results, a survey that identifies the people's opinion was applied with the following factors: the percentage of households with electricity, the perception of service quality, the proper use of electricity, and its main use. The results show that a high percentage of the native po...
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 2021
This paper presents a mho distance relay simulation based on the phase comparison technique using... more This paper presents a mho distance relay simulation based on the phase comparison technique using a typical electrical power systems analysis software for two cases: when the operation state is close to the static voltage limit and during a dynamic perturbation in the system. The paper evaluates the impedance variations caused by complex voltage values, the mho polarization, and the comparator operating region into the complex plane. In addition, the paper found the information for the dynamic perturbations from the outputs considering a mid-term stability program. The simulation of the mho-phase comparator in the static voltage proximity limit detects unit distance elements with impedance measured close to reach the threshold in the steady-state. Dynamic mho simulations in the complex plane are successfully tested by plotting time phase difference curves on the comparator input signals. Relay programmers can use these curves to analyze other phase comparators applications and the c...
Chemical Engineering Transactions, 2018
Electrical power systems and their elements such as power transformers, transmission lines, capac... more Electrical power systems and their elements such as power transformers, transmission lines, capacitors, reactors and other elements, during normal operation generates electromagnetic fields that changes according with design, equipment distribution, current and voltage operation levels. This paper describes the monitoring electromagnetic fields and safe operation levels in electrical power transmission and distribution lines during the last five years in power lines located in warm climate with high salinity, corrosion and pollution level. A literature review was considered during the study. This paper characterizes power lines in order to guarantee safe operation to occupational exposure and general public since planning process. Results will be used in order to characterize power lines and will be used as a tool for utilities with the aim to reduce legal penalties and promote social responsibility. Results also were contrasted with International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiatio...
El uso de nuevas estrategias para desarrollar competencias profesionales en el manejo de sistemas... more El uso de nuevas estrategias para desarrollar competencias profesionales en el manejo de sistemas fotovoltaicos fue generado como resultado de una cooperacion integrada de universidades y grupos de investigacion que trabajan en el desarrollo de herramientas para implementar un curso que promueva el uso de energia solar fotovoltaica. Este articulo realiza la descripcion desde las competencias a desarrollar durante el desarrollo de las actividades, la introduccion a los conceptos considerados, el proceso metodologico aplicado y las actividades que promueven el trabajo independiente por parte de los estudiantes. Las preguntas iniciales buscan identificar conceptos y objetivos de las actividades a desarrollar, como resultado el estudiante desarrollara un reporte final que valide el cumplimiento de los logros obtenidos. Estas estrategias buscan el desarrollo de competencias, permitiendo la obtencion de una experiencia inicial en investigacion en el area de tecnologias para sistemas fotov...
Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2017
Uploads
Papers by Jorge Ivan Silva Ortega
selecting the most suitable design variables are available. Studies that corroborate the influence of the design variables over the operational variables are missing. In order to fill this knowledge gap, this work proposes a statistical analysis of design variables in chiller plants operating in medium- and large-scale applications and evaluates their influence on energy consumption and life cycle cost (LCC)
under the same thermal demand conditions. A case study involving 138 chiller plant combinations featuring different arrangements and a Cuban hotel was selected. The results suggested that the total chiller design and cooling capacity distribution among chillers have a significant influence on the energy consumption of the chiller plant with a Spearman’s Rho and Kendall Tau (t) correlation index value of 0.625 and 0.559, respectively. However, with LCC, only the cooling capacity distribution among the chillers had a certain influence with a Kendall Tau correlation index value of 0.289. As for the considered total cooling capacity, the applied statistical test showed that this design variable does not have any influence on performing the chiller plant.
environmental benefits that are changing the traditional power system
operation and concept. Transient stability analysis has opened new research trends to guarantee a secure operation high penetration. Problems such as frequency fluctuations, decoupling between generator angular speed, network frequency fluctuation and kinetic energy storing absence are the main non-conventional RESs penetration in power systems. This paper analyzes short-circuit influence on frequency response, focusing on weak distribution networks and isolated, to demonstrate relevance in frequency stability. A study case considered a generation outage and a load input to analyze frequency response. The paper compares frequency response during a generation outage with a short-circuit occurrence. In addition, modular value and angle generator terminal voltage affectation by electric arc and network ratio R⁄X, failure type influence in power delivered behavior, considering fault location, arc resistance and load. The arc resistance is defined as an added resistance that appears during failure and influences voltage modulus and angle value results showing that intermittent nonconventional RES participation can lead to frequency fluctuations. Results showed that arc resistance, type of failure, location and loadability determine the influence of frequency response factors in weak power systems.
selecting the most suitable design variables are available. Studies that corroborate the influence of the design variables over the operational variables are missing. In order to fill this knowledge gap, this work proposes a statistical analysis of design variables in chiller plants operating in medium- and large-scale applications and evaluates their influence on energy consumption and life cycle cost (LCC)
under the same thermal demand conditions. A case study involving 138 chiller plant combinations featuring different arrangements and a Cuban hotel was selected. The results suggested that the total chiller design and cooling capacity distribution among chillers have a significant influence on the energy consumption of the chiller plant with a Spearman’s Rho and Kendall Tau (t) correlation index value of 0.625 and 0.559, respectively. However, with LCC, only the cooling capacity distribution among the chillers had a certain influence with a Kendall Tau correlation index value of 0.289. As for the considered total cooling capacity, the applied statistical test showed that this design variable does not have any influence on performing the chiller plant.
environmental benefits that are changing the traditional power system
operation and concept. Transient stability analysis has opened new research trends to guarantee a secure operation high penetration. Problems such as frequency fluctuations, decoupling between generator angular speed, network frequency fluctuation and kinetic energy storing absence are the main non-conventional RESs penetration in power systems. This paper analyzes short-circuit influence on frequency response, focusing on weak distribution networks and isolated, to demonstrate relevance in frequency stability. A study case considered a generation outage and a load input to analyze frequency response. The paper compares frequency response during a generation outage with a short-circuit occurrence. In addition, modular value and angle generator terminal voltage affectation by electric arc and network ratio R⁄X, failure type influence in power delivered behavior, considering fault location, arc resistance and load. The arc resistance is defined as an added resistance that appears during failure and influences voltage modulus and angle value results showing that intermittent nonconventional RES participation can lead to frequency fluctuations. Results showed that arc resistance, type of failure, location and loadability determine the influence of frequency response factors in weak power systems.