Papers by Jorge A N T O N I O Hilbert
During the last decade a great growth in biofuel industry all over the world has occurred. The la... more During the last decade a great growth in biofuel industry all over the world has occurred. The last few years this tendency has severely changed due to new rules and pressure over the public questioning the sustainability of biofuels and their capability to achieve environmental and social solutions. In general opinions and articles were based on incomplete studies lacking a systemic and holistic view of biofuels within agriculture markets all over the world. The industry is now days in severe danger working at a low rate or closing. In this paper a systemic approach is followed looking for real impact of this industry within very complex markets were co-products are a key factor. Results are based on traceable and public figures comparing them with forecast and projections made by equilibrium models all over the word. Results are based on a complete transformation chain analysis of Argentina case as the first biodiesel exporter country until 2012 and one of the main actors in agricultural commodity markets. Prices, energy and carbon emittions balances are considered over real case studies covering different biofuels and feedstock's. The results confirm that forecast consequences are very far from real markets and land use behavior. Carbon emitions of first and second generation biofuels need to be revised and closely look at in order to compare them in a fair way.
IOP conference series, Sep 1, 2022
Tuin en Landschap, 2014
Wortelknobbelaaltjes zijn een probleem in de vollegrondsteelt van vaste planten. Hoe kan een bode... more Wortelknobbelaaltjes zijn een probleem in de vollegrondsteelt van vaste planten. Hoe kan een bodem besmet met deze aaltjes weer worden schoongemaakt? Het onder water zetten van land (inundatie) werkt tegen andere aaltjes. PPO zocht uit of het ook werkt tegen wortelknobbelaaltjes.
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Feb 1, 2021
Abstract The purpose of this paper is to build the first Energy and Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) com... more Abstract The purpose of this paper is to build the first Energy and Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) comparison between buses with internal combustion engine currently used in the city of Rosario, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina, and some technological alternatives and their variants focusing on buses with an electrical engine powered by compressed hydrogen that feet fuel cells of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM). This LCA comprehend raw material extraction up to its consumption as fuel. Specifically, hydrogen production considering different production processes from renewable sources called “green hydrogen” (Velazquez Abad and Dodds, 2020) [ 1 ] and non-renewable sources called “grey hydrogen” (Velazquez Abad and Dodds, 2020) [ 1 ]. Renewable sources for hydrogen production are rapid cut densified poplar energy plantation, post-industrial wood residues such as chips pallets, and maize silage. For non-renewable hydrogen production sources are the local electrical power grid from water electrolysis and natural gas from the steam methane reforming process. Buses whose fuel would be renewable hydrogen, produced near the City of Rosario, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina, meet one of the main criteria of sustainability biofuels of the European Union (EU) taken into account Renewable Energy Directive (RED) 2009/28 [ 2 ] and EU RED Directive 2018/2001 [ 3 ] that need significant reduction on net greenhouse gases (GHG) from biomass origin row material respect fossil fuels. At least 70% of GHG would be avoided from its main fossil counterpart of the intern combustion engine (ICE), in the worst and current scenario of the emission factor of the electrical grid of Argentina in the point of use that is about 0.40 kg CO2eq/kWh with energy and environmental load of 100% in the allocation factor in the hydrogen production stage of the LCA analysis.
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, Oct 1, 2009
ABSTRACT The feasibility of deploying a socio-economic and environmental impact analysis for larg... more ABSTRACT The feasibility of deploying a socio-economic and environmental impact analysis for large-scale bioenergy production on a regional level is analyzed, based on a set of defined criteria and indicators. The analysis is done for La Pampa province in Argentina. The case study results in conclusions in how far the criteria can be verified ex ante based on available methodologies and data sources. The impacts are analyzed for two bioenergy chains (soybeans and switchgrass) for a set of defined land use scenarios. The carbon stock change for switchgrass ranges from 0.2 to 1.2 ton C/ha/year and for soybean from -1.2 to 0 ton C/ha/year, depending on the scenario. The GHG emission reduction ranges from 88% to 133% for the switchgrass bioenergy chain (replacing coal or natural gas) and from 16% to 94% for the soybean bioenergy chain (replacing fossil fuel) for various lifetime periods. The annual soil loss, compared to the reference land use system is 2-10 ton/ha for the soybean bioenergy chain and 1-2 ton/ha for the switchgrass bioenergy chain. In total, nine sustainability principles are analyzed. In the case of switchgrass, most environmental benefits can be achieved when produced on suitable land of abandoned cropland. Soybean production for bioenergy shows a good overall sustainability performance if produced on abandoned cropland. The production of switchgrass on degraded grassland shows socio-economic and environmental benefits, which is not the case for soybean production. The production of bioenergy production on non-degraded grassland is not preferred. It is concluded that the scenario approach enables understanding of the complexity of the bioenergy chain and the underlying factors influencing the sustainability principles. It is difficult to give ex ante a final conclusion whether a bioenergy chain is sustainable or not as this depends not only on the previous land use system but also on other factors as the selection of the bioenergy crop, the suitable agroecological zone and the agricultural management system applied. The results also imply that it is possible to steer for a large part the sustainability performance of a bioenergy chain during project development and implementation. Land use planning plays a key role in this process.
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Jun 1, 2009
Según consta en los documentos de gobernanza de la nueva cartera de proyectos 2019, las Plataform... more Según consta en los documentos de gobernanza de la nueva cartera de proyectos 2019, las Plataformas Temáticas son ámbitos de articulación de
El objetivo principal es identificar los esquemas de certificación de sustentabilidad requeridos ... more El objetivo principal es identificar los esquemas de certificación de sustentabilidad requeridos en mercados mundiales. Identificar las falencias y fortalezas dentro de la agroindustria argentina. Al mismo tiempo, se busca realizar un aporte técnico que permita contribuir a una mejor caracterización del mencionado sector productivo, con el objeto de ayudar al país a adaptarse a las nuevas exigencias de los mercados internacionales. Se identificaron requisitos actuales para la certificación de sustentabilidad de los biocombustibles, justo con los principales driver "históricos" de la sustentabilidad parado por las medidas anti dumping de la UE. U Es necesario la expansión y reconocimiento de los esquemas de certificación de sustentabilidad a otros mercados diferentes de los biocombustibles. Según Thofern, "la bioenergía, y específicamente los biocombustibles, han sido promovidos como medios para mejorar la independencia energética, promocionar el desarrollo rural y reducir las emisiones de Gases de Efecto Invernadero (GEI)" en el siguiente gráfico se ejemplifican los diferentes vectores que contribuyen a su uso y crecimiento.
Central theme, technology for all: sharing the knowledge for development. Proceedings of the International Conference of Agricultural Engineering, XXXVII Brazilian Congress of Agricultural Engineering, International Livestock Environment Symposium - ILES VIII, Iguassu Falls City, Brazil, 31st Aug..., 2008
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Papers by Jorge A N T O N I O Hilbert
Los nuevos estudios plantean un abordaje integrado de los biocombustibles y bioproductos con un análisis de toda la cadena de producción y transformación de la biomasa así como las posibles interacciones entre los diferentes productos. Los considerandos ambientales y las reglamentaciones nacionales e internacionales condicionan y definen de qué manera se desarrolla el mercado de todos los productos ligados a las biorefinerías.
A fin de recabar opinión de la comunidad sobre los temas enunciados se encaró una encuesta online caracterizando los encuestados y valorando sus respuestas en forma de graduación. De esta manera se ha intentado contar con una imagen de la opinión de los actores ligados a la temática en el país. El trabajo de campo realizado sobre un total de 113 encuestados ha revelado tendencias y opiniones definidas sobre determinados aspectos que puede mover a la reflexión y a la toma de decisiones respecto a determinados aspectos que hacen al desarrollo de la bioenergía en el país. Se evidencia una significativa importancia del tema y la necesidad de ensayar su desarrollo con un mayor nivel de inversión y dedicación del sector público y privado. Indudablemente este tipo de estudios están marcados por un contexto internacional y nacional y debe seguirse en el tiempo para evaluar los cambios producidos en lo que se denomina percepción pública de determinados aspectos.