Papers by Jordi Peña Casanova
PubMed, 1997
The goal of this article is (a) to review a series of measurement standards for group and individ... more The goal of this article is (a) to review a series of measurement standards for group and individual-patient applications of cognitive tests for Alzheimer's disease (AD); and (b) to review the literature and to use specific data from the NORMACODEM (a project of standardization of cognitive and functional toosl for AD) to evaluate the measurement standards of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive (ADAS-Cog). Seven measurement standards for group and individual patient use were evaluated: practicality, extent of measurement, depth of measurement, cross-sectional precision, longitudinal precision, validity, and standardization. The results indicated that ADAS-Cog meets practicality standards, that the scoring method is not difficult, but training is needed to administer the test. In comparison with other rating scales, the ADAS-Cog is regarded as more comprehensive, although it is not a substitute for an extensive neuropsychological test. The ADAS-Cog is not a tool that is suitable for primary care physicians, although it is a valuable screening test that has utility in both early detection (diagnosis) and staging of AD, and is useful in the severity range of Global Dementia stages 1 to 6. Interrater reliability coefficients for the ADAS-Cog satisfy recommended standards, and the test shows good internal consistency and reproducibility. Age and education are associated with the ADAS-Cog score. There is, however, a lack of standardization, which restricts the comparability of study results, and test materials remain unpublished.
Psicologia em Pesquisa, Jun 1, 2013
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2010
Brain and Language, Sep 1, 1985
A 47-year-old man with a left temporo-occipital infarct in the area of the posterior cerebral art... more A 47-year-old man with a left temporo-occipital infarct in the area of the posterior cerebral artery is presented. The neuropsychological examination did not reveal aphasia or gross mental deficits. The patient presented with alexia without agraphia, color agnosia, but few visual perceptual deficits. The main impairment was in confrontation naming; he was incapable of naming objects and pictures, not from lack of recognition (excluding visual agnosia) but from lack of access to the appropriate word (optic aphasia). The patient also exhibited a deficit in the evocation of gesture from the visual presentation of an object (optic apraxia) and a difficulty in "conjuring up" visual images of objects (impaired visual imagery) and loss of dreams. The fundamental deficit of this patient is tentatively explained in terms of visuoverbal and visuogestural disconnection and a deficit of mental imagery.
Neurologia, Jun 1, 2012
Datos normativos; Edad; Escolaridad; Tests neuropsicológicos; Valores de referencia Resumen Intro... more Datos normativos; Edad; Escolaridad; Tests neuropsicológicos; Valores de referencia Resumen Introducción: En neuropsicología clínica es necesario disponer de datos normativos con el fin de relacionar el comportamiento de un sujeto con un grupo de referencia. Estos datos normativos deben extraerse de una población pertinente, teniendo en cuenta las características propias de cada cultura y el efecto de las variables sociodemográficas. Objetivo: Describir los métodos y las características de la muestra de una serie de estudios normativos españoles en población adulta joven (Proyecto NEURONORMA jóvenes). Se incluyen tests neuropsicológicos de uso extendido para valorar atención, lenguaje, habilidades visuoperceptivas, habilidades visuoconstructivas, memoria, y funciones ejecutivas. Material y métodos: Se estudió una muestra de 179 sujetos cognitivamente normales, con un rango de edad de 18 a 49 años. Se recogieron datos demográficos, socioculturales y médicos. Se describe el procedimiento estadístico utilizado en el estudio normativo. Resultados: Se presentan los datos sociodemográficos, los antecedentes familiares, los hábitos de salud, los antecedentes médicos y el uso de fármacos. Conclusiones: El uso de estas normas será de gran utilidad para el diagnóstico neuropsicológico en sujetos españoles jóvenes, así como para la comparación con otros estudios normativos.
Neuropsychological examination tries to define the state of the mental capacities of patients wit... more Neuropsychological examination tries to define the state of the mental capacities of patients with brain injury. Traditionally, a dichotomy is established between qualitative and quantitative (psychometric) evaluations. Luria's qualitative evaluation is frequently opposed to "western" psychometric approaches. After reviewing a series of topics (symptoms due to brain lesions, assessment objectives, functional brain model, complex functional systems, and the metric characteristics of neuropsychological variables), it is concluded that a good neuropsychological assessment requires both quantitative and qualitative approaches.
KnE Life Sciences, Nov 1, 2018
This paper reviews, elaborates, and rebuilds Luria's model of the three functional units of the b... more This paper reviews, elaborates, and rebuilds Luria's model of the three functional units of the brain. As a result, five functional brain units have been delineated: preferential (unit for life-support and arousal regulation), limbic (unit for valuation/motivation and for context memory), cortical and thalamic-cortical ("the conscious agent"), basal ganglia ("the reinforcer"), and cerebellar ("the supervisor"). The new model is more realistic; it includes elements missing from Luria's model and avoids a corticocentric approach. It will allow a better analysis of the effects of brain pathology on cognition, neuropsychiatry, and behavior. Within the framework, the concept of complex functional system is maintained and expanded.
Revista De Neurologia, 2019
Patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) can present difficulties in making decisions of a soci... more Patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) can present difficulties in making decisions of a social nature. Such difficulties condition complicate their personal relationships. To assess social decision-making in a sample of patients with moderate and severe TBI, and to empirically contrast if, as Ochsner's social-emotional processing model proposes, the ability to recognize and respond to socio-affective stimuli is related to the ability to regulate sensitive responses to the context based on the proposed assessment tests. Twenty-one patients with a moderate and severe TBI (experimental group) matched by gender, age and years of education with 24 healthy subjects (control group). Social decision making was measured through the Social Decision Making Test (SDMT), and the ability to recognize and respond to socio-affective stimuli through the Pictures of Facial Affect (PoFA) test. Statistically significant differences in the SDMT were obtained between the experimental group and the control group. Regarding PoFA, the performance of the control group was also significantly better than that of the experimental group. However, no relationship was observed between the performance in the SDMT and the PoFA for any of the groups. The SDMT seems to be a sensitive test to detect alterations in social decision making in patients with moderate or severe TBI. No relationship was observed between the results in the SDMT and the PoFA.
Neurologia, 2013
ABSTRACT IntroductionLexical fluency tests are frequently used in clinical practice to assess lan... more ABSTRACT IntroductionLexical fluency tests are frequently used in clinical practice to assess language and executive function.Objective As part of the Spanish normative studies project in young adults (NEURONORMA young adults project), we provide age- and education-adjusted normative data for 3 semantic fluency tasks (animals, fruits and vegetables, and kitchen tools), three formal lexical fluency tasks (words beginning with P, M and R), three excluded-letter fluency tasks (words excluding A, E and S) and a verb fluency task.Material and methodsThe sample consisted of 179 participants who are cognitively normal and range in age from 18 to 49 years. Tables are provided to convert raw scores to scaled scores. Age- and education-adjusted scores are provided by applying linear regression techniques.ResultsThe results show that education impacted most of the verbal fluency test scores, with no effects related to age and only minimal effects related to sex.Conclusions The norms obtained will be extremely useful in the clinical evaluation of young Spanish adults.
Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, Jun 1, 2009
As part of the Spanish Multicenter Normative Studies (NEURONORMA project), we provide age-and edu... more As part of the Spanish Multicenter Normative Studies (NEURONORMA project), we provide age-and education-adjusted norms for the Boston naming test and Token test. The sample consists of 340 and 348 participants, respectively, who are cognitively normal, community-dwelling, and ranging in age from 50 to 94 years. Tables are provided to convert raw scores to age-adjusted scaled scores. These were further converted into education-adjusted scaled scores by applying regression-based adjustments. Age and education affected the score of the both tests, but sex was found to be unrelated to naming and verbal comprehension efficiency. Our norms should provide clinically useful data for evaluating elderly Spaniards. The normative data presented here were obtained from the same study sample as all the other NEURONORMA norms and the same statistical procedures for data analyses were applied. These co-normed data allow clinicians to compare scores from one test with all tests.
PubMed, 1980
The authors report the case of a 68 years-old man with two strokes with an interval of 12 years i... more The authors report the case of a 68 years-old man with two strokes with an interval of 12 years in each hemisphere. In the last one, the patient presented total and persistent central deafness without any aphasic disorders, except verbal comprehension interference due to the deafness. During the first weeks he also had complex auditory hallucinations. Computerized tomography showed alterations suggesting old bilateral temporal lobe infarctions.
Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología, 1991
... frecuentes, se requieren datos normativos como en el «Boston naming test» (Kaplan, 1983). Los... more ... frecuentes, se requieren datos normativos como en el «Boston naming test» (Kaplan, 1983). Los ítems de los subtests de denominación del test Bar-celona son fáciles y se resuelven adecuadamente por todos los individuos de los grupos normativos (Guardia, Jarne, Peña y ...
PubMed, Apr 1, 2002
Background: The Geriatric Evaluation of Relative's Rating Instrument (GERRI) is a scale that eval... more Background: The Geriatric Evaluation of Relative's Rating Instrument (GERRI) is a scale that evaluates the frequencies of alterations in behavior and functional capacity over a two-week period prior to exploration. The scale depends on the observations done by a relative o first caregiver of the studied subject. Aim: To adapt and standardize the GERRI for the use in the Spanish population as a part of a general project to standardized cognitive and functional tests. Method: The scale was administered to 444 subjects: 249 controls, 85 mild memory-cognitive disorders without dementia subjects (DWD) and 110 patients with Alzheimer-type dementia (ATD). An across-sectional statistical study was conducted in our samples stratified by age, gender and education. We evaluated the reliability of repeatability of the test, the internal reliability and the age, sex and education effects on the score of the different subscales. We also took into account the diagnostical validity in the Alzheimer disease and finally we correlated this test results with Mini mental test. Results: The demographic variables age and schooling were found to affect the GERRI subscales differently. Gender did not reach significance. Internal consistency for the GERRI-Social, -Mood and -Cognitive were 0.8620, 0.7647 and 0.9259, respectively. Conclusion: The Spanish version of the GERRI may be applied to Spanish clinical series because of its reliable internal consistency and reproducibility.
Quark: Ciencia, medicina, comunicación y cultura, Jan 12, 2001
Resumen :El autor estudia la evolución que han sufrido a lo largo del tiempo las relaciones entre... more Resumen :El autor estudia la evolución que han sufrido a lo largo del tiempo las relaciones entre el cerebro y las actividades mentales y cómo influyen las anomalías del cerebro en el comportamiento mental. Se describen las primeras aportaciones aparecidas en este sentido y los últimos estudios relacionados con la neuropsicología cognitiva y los modelos que permiten la exploración de las alteraciones del lenguaje. Las relaciones entre el cerebro y las actividades mentales han interesado desde tiempos remotos. El problema tiene unas raíces profundas y previas a la aparición de los términos neurología, neuropsicología, neurología del comportamiento o neurociencia cognitiva (Lecours y Joanette, 1991).
PubMed, Sep 12, 1998
Background: Digit span, automatic speech and orientation are screening tests of interest in neuro... more Background: Digit span, automatic speech and orientation are screening tests of interest in neurology due to their high sensitivity in cerebral pathologies and easy applicability. These tasks assess attention, concentration, mental control, orientation and short-term memory. Objectives: To analyze the impact of age and education on the results of the following subtest included in the Barcelona Test: digit span, automatic speech and orientation. Patients and methods: 275 normal subjects were evaluated. Mean (SD) age: 52 (17.7), range (18-19). Mean education: 9 (5.5) years, range (0-25). Subjects were stratified into 7 groups by age and education. Nine items of Barcelona Test were used: digits span forward and backward, automatic speech, forward and backward, with and without time, and person, time and place orientation. Results: Statistical description, parametric and non parametric test. The Kruskal Wallis test was used, showing that aged and education are significant difference in the automatic speech forward or backward, with or without time, while it did not showed a significant difference in the different groups in the orientation tests. Analysis of Variance for group of age and education showed significant differences in the digit span forward and backward (F = 19.92; p < 0.001; F = 18.44, p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: Both age (inversely) and education (directly) influenced on the scores of the analyzed items, except to person, place and time orientation that are not affected for them.
Neurología, May 1, 2013
The Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF) and the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) a... more The Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF) and the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) are widely used in clinical practice. The ROCF assesses visual perception, constructional praxis, and visuo-spatial memory. The FCSRT assesses verbal learning and memory. In this study, as part of the Spanish normative studies project in young adults (NEURONORMA young adults), we present age- and education-adjusted normative data for both tests obtained by using linear regression techniques. The sample consisted of 179 healthy participants ranging in age from 18 to 49 years. We provide tables for converting raw scores to scaled scores in addition to tables with scores adjusted by socio-demographic factors. The results showed that education affects scores for some of the memory tests and the figure-copying task. Age was only found to have an effect on the performance of visuo-spatial memory tests, and the effect of sex was negligible. The normative data obtained will be extremely useful in the clinical neuropsychological evaluation of young Spanish adults.
PubMed, Mar 1, 1997
The aim of this study was to define a shortened form of the Barcelona neuropsychological test to ... more The aim of this study was to define a shortened form of the Barcelona neuropsychological test to be used in clinical neurology. There was a selection of subtests from the original test and descriptive statistics of an enlarged number of normal volunteers. 341 normal subjects were studied, 178 male (52.19%) and 163 female (47.1%). Age mean: 54.80, SD = 17.44. Education: mean 9.0 years, SD: 5.4. Subjects were stratified in five groups considering age and education. Subtest were choose according clinical criteria and considering data from a previous study. Five different age and education scoring profiles were defined. This reduced version of the Barcelona test includes the main neuropsychological areas and it takes only 30-45 minutes administration. The Barcelona test meets practical standards in neuropsychology.
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Papers by Jordi Peña Casanova