Papers by John jayson Santos
Nexos Econômicos, 2011
O propósito do presente ensaio é fazer uma resenha teórica acerca do processo de mudança econômic... more O propósito do presente ensaio é fazer uma resenha teórica acerca do processo de mudança econômica, resultante da interação das tra-jetórias tecnológicas e institucionais à luz da convergência entre as teorias evolucionária e neoinstitucional. Adicionalmente, ressalta-se o papel das mudanças tecnológicas e institucional no contexto da economia baseada em conhecimento. Essa interação ocorre por meio de complexos mecanis-mos de retroalimentação recíproca, onde o desenvolvimento tecnológico induz a mudanças institucionais que, por conseguinte, alteram o ambiente sobre o qual o processo inovativo se realiza. Embora o progresso técnico seja a principal fonte de crescimento econômico, sua maturação necessita da presença de certas qualidades de instituições, a saber, as instituições “contratuais” e as “instituições protetoras do direito de propriedade”. Portanto, estimulando a produção de novas tecnologias, os países podem obter uma trajetória econômica favorável ao crescimento, sem presci...
Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 1982
Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 1981
In the United States, suicide has traditionally been considered a White elderly phenomenon. Suici... more In the United States, suicide has traditionally been considered a White elderly phenomenon. Suicide rates have been increasing for Nonwhites in recent years, but it is not clear how this may have affected the age distribution, particularly for specific Nonwhite groups. An investigation of official 1976 suicide statistics among minority elderly revealed that suicide rates are also highest among the old for Chinese-, Japanese- and Filipino-Americans. Among Blacks and Native Americans, however, suicide rates are extremely low for the aged. Explanations for these findings are suggested and the need for a long-term study is indicated.
OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying, 1981
Suicide among Native Americans has received much attention in the recent literature. These report... more Suicide among Native Americans has received much attention in the recent literature. These reports have primarily focused upon single, specific tribal groups. While the suicide rate for Indians as a whole is equal to or greater than that for the nation, undue emphasis upon those tribes having especially high suicide rates has created the general impression that all Indian groups have high rates. The wide variations that exist among the tribes are sometimes noted but often they are overlooked or ignored. The results of the available studies of suicide among the various Indian tribal groups are presented here along with some implications for further research.
OMEGA--Journal of Death and Dying, 1990
A survey of close survivors of deceased persons from six metropolitan areas of the United States ... more A survey of close survivors of deceased persons from six metropolitan areas of the United States investigated the differences in final arrangements when burial or cremation was employed as the method of body disposition. Survivors rated the influence that various factors had on making final arrangements. The results from the cremation sample (N = 407) and a smaller, but comparable, burial sample 233) indicate both similarities and differences between the body disposition samples with respect to various respondent and deceased characteristics; the use of final arrangement products and activities carried out for the deceased; and in the influence and importance of various factors on final arrangements.
Public, 1997
By her own account, the anthropologist was a specialist in ritual. She had single-handedly recons... more By her own account, the anthropologist was a specialist in ritual. She had single-handedly reconstructed the calendar of dances that kept track of time in Teotihuacan. She had discovered a cave, dug at the base of the pyramid of the Sun, in which there was an ancient small stone altar, on which sunlight fell for only one hour, on the first day of every planting season. Her new work examined the complex imaginary matrices that wove the ancient pyramid city into the webs of celestial light from the sun, the moon, the planets and the stars. She was going to speak that day about rivers, springs, gorges and caves: sacred geography. As she spoke those words, it was clear they made her uneasy. "Of course," she said, with a judicious pause, "geography is not a priori sacred. A land is made sacred, through rituals." She must have come from a place where miracles didn't happen much, I thought. In south Texas, where I grew up, the laws of nature were frequently being relaxed or dissolved by signs many believed to affirm the supernatural presence of divinity in this world. The face of Jesus appeared in the scorch marks of a flour tortilla in a kitchen in Harlingen, and thousands soon appeared to gaze upon it and receive its divine blessings, as it hung from a tree in a courtyard. In the sierra of Coahuila, in northern Mexico, it once rained stones on my aunts and uncles at a time when the Mexican government was expelling all the priests and nuns. Somehow, this magic emerged from a timeless enchantment of the land itself. My Madrina, sister to my Grandmother, told a story of a small valley in Coahuila, somewhere near their town of Palau, in the Serranias del Burro. She said that in this valley, in a clearing by a large mesquite tree, there was a place where no sound could penetrate. If you stood in this clearing, no sound of birds could reach you, no sound of wind, no loud, coarse donkey's bray. She remembered one time when her cousin Narciso climbed the tree and was shouting down at her, and she couldn't hear a thing. The world was mute there. Because of this strange phenomenon, the place was called El Valle de Silencio, the Valley of Silence. As to where it lay exactly, she could only say that it was near the Loma de los Muertos, the Hill of the Dead, where my father had once gone prospecting for gold. Madrina said she was told this was one of many places around the world that
Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 1979
A model for constructing networks of support services for older adults returning to the community... more A model for constructing networks of support services for older adults returning to the community from institutions is proposed, and case examples are offered. Principles of case management and advocacy are emphasized as critical tools in combating multiple problems and fragmented service delivery. The design, implementation, and ultimate advantages of the model are discussed.
Journal of Experimental Medicine, 2004
Identification of cellular factors involved in HIV-1 entry and transmission at mucosal surfaces i... more Identification of cellular factors involved in HIV-1 entry and transmission at mucosal surfaces is critical for understanding viral pathogenesis and development of effective prevention strategies. Here we describe the evaluation of HIV-1 entry inhibitors for their ability to prevent infection of, and dissemination from, human cervical tissue ex vivo. Blockade of CD4 alone or CCR5 and CXCR4 together inhibited localized mucosal infection. However, simultaneous blockade of CD4 and mannose-binding C-type lectin receptors including dendritic cell–specific intercellular adhesion molecule–grabbing integrin was required to inhibit HIV-1 uptake and dissemination by migratory cells. In contrast, direct targeting of HIV-1 by neutralizing mAb b12 and CD4-IgG2 (PRO-542) blocked both localized infection and viral dissemination pathways. Flow cytometric analysis and immunostaining of migratory cells revealed two major populations, CD3+HLA-DR− and CD3−HLA-DR+ cells, with a significant proportion of...
JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2003
Interactions between HIV-1 and dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in the initial establ... more Interactions between HIV-1 and dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in the initial establishment and spread of infection and development of antiviral immunity. We used chemically inactivated aldrithiol-2 (AT-2) simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) with functional envelope glycoproteins to study virus interactions with DCs and developed an in vitro system to evaluate the quality of SIV antigen (Ag) presentation by DCs to T cells. AT-2 SIV interacts authentically with T cells and DCs and thus allows assessment of natural SIV-specific responses. CD4 + and CD8 + T cells from blood or lymph nodes of SIV-infected macaques released interferon-␥ (IFN␥) and proliferated in response to a variety of AT-2 SIV isolates. Responses did not vary significantly as a function of the quantitative envelope glycoprotein content of the virions. Presentation of Ags derived from AT-2 SIV by DCs was more potent than presentation by comparably Ag-loaded monocytes. Interestingly, SIV-pulsed mature DCs stimulated both CD4 + and CD8 + T-cell responses, whereas immature DCs primarily stimulated CD4 + T cells. Further studies using AT-2 inactivated virus may help to define better the details of the virus-DC interactions critical for infection versus induction of antiviral immune responses.
The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 1986
The elderly have the highest suicide rate in the United States. In partial explanation of this fi... more The elderly have the highest suicide rate in the United States. In partial explanation of this finding, a common statement in the suicide literature is that older persons tend to use more drastic and effective methods of suicide. However, little, if any, data have been presented in defense of this explanation. In order to investigate the validity of this contention, annual official statistics for specific methods of suicide (firearms, hanging, poisons) by age for different sex and racial groups (whites, blacks, nonwhites excluding black) were examined from 1960 to 1978. Comparisons among the age-sex-race groups, along with trends over time and differences in the methods employed, were noted. For white males, blacks of both sexes, and nonwhites excluding black females, the findings confirmed the use of more violent methods by the elderly than by the young in terms of the proportion of suicides by firearms and/or hanging. Less support and, in fact, opposite results for method-related ...
Gerontology & Geriatrics Education, 1981
Gerontology & Geriatrics Education, 1985
Gerontology & Geriatrics Education, 1997
Surveys of geriatric-care training programs in seven disciplines demonstrate an imbalance in the ... more Surveys of geriatric-care training programs in seven disciplines demonstrate an imbalance in the funding that has been available in preparing the different professional service providers who are required to meet the needs of our aging society. The number of geriatric specialty trainees and proportion of minority group members, sources of trainee support, proportion of faculty specialists, and faculty interest, priorities
Gerontology & Geriatrics Education, 1989
An Interdisciplinary Conference on Mental Health and Aging held in Washington, D.C. in May 1986 r... more An Interdisciplinary Conference on Mental Health and Aging held in Washington, D.C. in May 1986 restimulated the interdisciplinary cooperation generated by the 1980 White House Mini-Conference on the Mental Health of Older Adults and provided a continuing basis for interdisciplinary promotion of coordinated geriatric mental health services. The Conference reflected a wide-spread recognition of the need for interdisciplinary cooperation and the coordination of services for the elderly. The overall organization of the meeting is provided here and articles based on the presentations given by representatives of the four core mental health disciplines follow.
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Papers by John jayson Santos